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migrate-drives.md

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Migrate drives

HDD to SDD

  • List drives name 
    sudo fdisk -l /dev/sata[1-9]
  • Identify source and destination (e.g. /dev/sata1, /dev/sata2)
  • Clone bit by bit using the block information got from command above (e.g. 512 byte): 1 
    dd if=/dev/sata1 of=/dev/sata2 bs=512 conv=noerror,sync status=progress

Remove from an SHR/RAID1 array

Note: SHR is just an extra layer (LVM) on top of standard Linux-RAID (MD); so the commands below are simply based on this last one.

  • Let's say you have 2 drives in SHR/RAID1
  • List all the RAID arrays and volumes 
    mdadm --detail /dev/md*
  • Storage Manager -> Deactivate one of them (e.g. /dev/sata2); otherwise you can also do the following:
    • For each RAID array (e.g. /dev/md0, /dev/md1, /dev/md2)
      • Fail and remove the drive from that array, e.g.: 
        mdadm /dev/md0 --fail /dev/sata2p1
mdadm /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sata2p1
wipefs -a /dev/sata2p1
  • For each RAID array (e.g. /dev/md0, /dev/md1, /dev/md2)
    • Resize that array to just 1 drive, e.g: 
      mdadm --grow --force --raid-devices=1 /dev/md0

Convert ext4 to btrfs

At the time being I didn't manage to convert an ext4 drive entirely to btrfs. Feel free to raise a pull-request for any suggestion/idea.

Backup & restore (entire system)

Note: this procedure is only theoretical, didn't worked!

  • Backup the entire system to C2
  • Power off and replace the old ext4 with a spare new drive
  • Start the NAS and delete the old volume, create the new one with btrfs
  • Restore the system (took 5 days for 2TB, e.g.)

In-place conversion

Ideally this should be the best & fastest option.

  • Plug the ext4 drive into a Linux system with mdadm package installed 2
  • Get the ext4 partition name, i.e. using partitionmanager (e.g. /dev/vg1000/lv)
  • sudo e2fsck -fvy /dev/vg1000/lv
  • sudo btrfs-convert /dev/vg1000/lv
  • (Optional) remove the ext2 backup image & balance, see documentation

Unfortunately at the time being, you get the following error, most probably because of a bug on large size partitions..

[...]
Create btrfs metadata
ERROR: failed to copy ext2 inode 12: -95
ERROR: error during copy_inodes -95
WARNING: error during conversion, the original filesystem is not modified

See also: btrfs-convert

References

Footnotes

  1. Setting a bigger number (e.g. 64K) should make the process faster but you could encounter an error like No space left on target ↩

  2. Even if available on optware to be used directly inside the NAS, the package mdadm does not contain the convert command! ↩