Simple assert failure results in impossible stack trace.

[LinuxIsCool]

It took me two days to figure out that my contract failure was from a simple assert statement. I don't see any reference to the assert statement anywhere in the massive stack trace. Is there a better way to debug a contract? Am I missing something?

From the open auction contract here: https://docs.vyperlang.org/en/stable/vyper-by-example.html

Contract:

# Open Auction

# Auction params
# Beneficiary receives money from the highest bidder
beneficiary: public(address)

# Auction Start and End
auctionStart: public(uint256)
auctionEnd: public(uint256)

# Current state of the Auction
highestBidder: public(address)
highestBid: public(uint256)

# Set to true at the end. Dissalows any change
ended: public(bool)

# Keep track of refunded bids so we can follow the withdraw pattern
pendingReturns: public(HashMap[address, uint256])

# Create a simple auction with `_auction_start` and
# `_bidding_time` seconds bidding time on behalf of the 
# beneficiary address `beneficiary`.
# `_auction_start` is a unix timestamp
# `_bidding_time` is a number of seconds
@external
def __init__(_beneficiary: address, _auction_start: uint256, _bidding_time: uint256):
    self.beneficiary = _beneficiary
    self.auctionStart = _auction_start
    self.auctionEnd = self.auctionStart + _bidding_time
    assert block.timestamp < self.auctionEnd

Test:

from ape import accounts, project

def test_deploy_open_auction():
    account = accounts.test_accounts[0]
    beneficiary = accounts.test_accounts[1]
    account.deploy(project.OpenAuction, beneficiary, 1679589592, 300)

Stack Trace:

ape test

WARNING: Existing manifest file '/home/ygg/Workspace/Vyper/example/.build/__local__.json' corrupted. Re-building.
INFO: Compiling 'Counter.vy'.
INFO: Compiling 'OpenAuction.vy'.
INFO: Compiling 'HelloWorld.vy'.
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform linux -- Python 3.10.6, pytest-7.2.2, pluggy-1.0.0
rootdir: /home/ygg/Workspace/Vyper/example
plugins: eth-ape-0.6.6, hypothesis-6.70.0, titanoboa-0.1.6, web3-6.0.0b7
collected 3 items

tests/test_counter.py .                                                  [ 33%]
tests/test_hello_world.py .                                              [ 66%]
tests/test_open_auction.py F                                             [100%]

=================================== FAILURES ===================================
___________________________ test_deploy_open_auction ___________________________

self = <web3.providers.eth_tester.main.EthereumTesterProvider object at 0x7f27cd1d49d0>
method = 'eth_call'
params = [{'access_list': [], 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c61018257604052346101825760405160005560206101a76000396000...00000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', 'gas': 30029122, ...}, 'latest']

    def make_request(self, method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        namespace, _, endpoint = method.partition("_")
        from eth_tester.exceptions import TransactionFailed
    
        try:
            delegator = self.api_endpoints[namespace][endpoint]
        except KeyError:
            return RPCResponse({"error": f"Unknown RPC Endpoint: {method}"})
        try:
>           response = delegator(self.ethereum_tester, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/providers/eth_tester/main.py:144: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

>   ???

cytoolz/functoolz.pyx:249: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

fn_name = 'call'
eth_tester = <eth_tester.main.EthereumTester object at 0x7f27cd1d4f70>
fn_args = [{'access_list': [], 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c61018257604052346101825760405160005560206101a76000396000...00000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', 'gas': 30029122, ...}, 'latest']
fn_kwargs = {}

    @curry
    def call_eth_tester(
        fn_name: str,
        eth_tester: "EthereumTester",
        fn_args: Any,
        fn_kwargs: Optional[Any] = None,
    ) -> RPCResponse:
        if fn_kwargs is None:
            fn_kwargs = {}
    
        try:
            return getattr(eth_tester, fn_name)(*fn_args, **fn_kwargs)
        except TransactionFailed as e:
            possible_data = e.args[0]
            if isinstance(possible_data, str) and possible_data[2:10] == "Uo\\x180\\":
                # EIP-3668 | CCIP Read
                # b"Uo\x180" is the first 4 bytes of the keccak hash for:
                # OffchainLookup(address,string[],bytes,bytes4,bytes)
                parsed_data_as_bytes = ast.literal_eval(possible_data)
                data_payload = parsed_data_as_bytes[
                    4:
                ]  # everything but the function selector
                abi_decoded_data = abi.decode(OFFCHAIN_LOOKUP_FIELDS.values(), data_payload)
                offchain_lookup_payload = dict(
                    zip(OFFCHAIN_LOOKUP_FIELDS.keys(), abi_decoded_data)
                )
                raise OffchainLookup(offchain_lookup_payload)
>           raise e

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/providers/eth_tester/defaults.py:97: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

fn_name = 'call'
eth_tester = <eth_tester.main.EthereumTester object at 0x7f27cd1d4f70>
fn_args = [{'access_list': [], 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c61018257604052346101825760405160005560206101a76000396000...00000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', 'gas': 30029122, ...}, 'latest']
fn_kwargs = {}

    @curry
    def call_eth_tester(
        fn_name: str,
        eth_tester: "EthereumTester",
        fn_args: Any,
        fn_kwargs: Optional[Any] = None,
    ) -> RPCResponse:
        if fn_kwargs is None:
            fn_kwargs = {}
    
        try:
>           return getattr(eth_tester, fn_name)(*fn_args, **fn_kwargs)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/providers/eth_tester/defaults.py:81: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = <eth_tester.main.EthereumTester object at 0x7f27cd1d4f70>
transaction = {'access_list': [], 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c61018257604052346101825760405160005560206101a760003960005...0000000000000000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', 'gas': 30029122, ...}
block_number = 'latest'

    def call(self, transaction, block_number="latest"):
        self.validator.validate_inbound_transaction(transaction, txn_internal_type='call')
        raw_transaction = self.normalizer.normalize_inbound_transaction(transaction)
        self.validator.validate_inbound_block_number(block_number)
        raw_block_number = self.normalizer.normalize_inbound_block_number(block_number)
>       raw_result = self.backend.call(raw_transaction, raw_block_number)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/eth_tester/main.py:456: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = <eth_tester.backends.pyevm.main.PyEVMBackend object at 0x7f27cd17b9a0>
transaction = {'access_list': (), 'data': b'` a\x01\x87`\x009`\x00Q\x80`\xa0\x1ca\x01\x82W`@R4a\x01\x82W`@Q`\x00U` a\x01\xa7`\x009`\...x00\x00\x00\x00\x01,', 'from': b'\x1eY\xce\x93\x1bL\xfe\xa3\xfeK\x87T\x11\xe2\x80\xe1s\xcbz\x9c', 'gas': 30029122, ...}
block_number = 'latest'

    def call(self, transaction, block_number="latest"):
        # TODO: move this to the VM level.
        defaulted_transaction = transaction.copy()
        if 'gas' not in defaulted_transaction:
            defaulted_transaction['gas'] = self._max_available_gas()
    
        signed_evm_transaction = self._get_normalized_and_signed_evm_transaction(
            defaulted_transaction,
            block_number,
        )
    
        computation = _execute_and_revert_transaction(
            self.chain,
            signed_evm_transaction,
            block_number,
        )
        if computation.is_error:
            msg = str(computation._error)
    
            # Check to see if it's a EIP838 standard error, with ABI signature
            # of Error(string). If so - extract the message/reason.
            if self.is_eip838_error(computation._error):
                error_str = computation._error.args[0][36:]
                try:
                    msg = decode_single('string', error_str)
                except DecodingError:
                    # Invalid encoded bytes, leave msg as computation._error
                    # byte string.
                    pass
    
>           raise TransactionFailed(msg)
E           eth_tester.exceptions.TransactionFailed: b''

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/eth_tester/backends/pyevm/main.py:678: TransactionFailed

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

self = <test chain_id=131277322940537>
txn = <DynamicFeeTransaction chainId=131277322940537, from=0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C, gas=30029122, nonce=0...\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01,', type=2, maxFeePerGas=1000000000, maxPriorityFeePerGas=0, accessList=[]>

    def send_transaction(self, txn: TransactionAPI) -> ReceiptAPI:
        try:
            txn_hash = self.web3.eth.send_raw_transaction(txn.serialize_transaction())
        except (ValidationError, TransactionFailed) as err:
            vm_err = self.get_virtual_machine_error(err, txn=txn)
            vm_err.txn = txn
            raise vm_err from err
    
        receipt = self.get_receipt(
            txn_hash.hex(), required_confirmations=txn.required_confirmations or 0
        )
    
        if receipt.failed:
            txn_dict = txn.dict()
            txn_dict["nonce"] += 1
            txn_params = cast(TxParams, txn_dict)
    
            # Replay txn to get revert reason
            try:
>               self.web3.eth.call(txn_params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/ape_test/provider.py:158: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = <web3.eth.Eth object at 0x7f27cd1d5420>
transaction = {'accessList': [], 'chainId': 131277322940537, 'data': b'` a\x01\x87`\x009`\x00Q\x80`\xa0\x1ca\x01\x82W`@R4a\x01\x82W`...0\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01,', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}
block_identifier = None, state_override = None, ccip_read_enabled = None

    def call(
        self,
        transaction: TxParams,
        block_identifier: Optional[BlockIdentifier] = None,
        state_override: Optional[CallOverride] = None,
        ccip_read_enabled: Optional[bool] = None,
    ) -> Union[bytes, bytearray]:
        ccip_read_enabled_on_provider = self.w3.provider.global_ccip_read_enabled
        if (
            # default conditions:
            ccip_read_enabled_on_provider
            and ccip_read_enabled is not False
            # explicit call flag overrides provider flag,
            # enabling ccip read for specific calls:
            or not ccip_read_enabled_on_provider
            and ccip_read_enabled is True
        ):
>           return self._durin_call(transaction, block_identifier, state_override)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/eth.py:864: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = <web3.eth.Eth object at 0x7f27cd1d5420>
transaction = {'accessList': [], 'chainId': 131277322940537, 'data': b'` a\x01\x87`\x009`\x00Q\x80`\xa0\x1ca\x01\x82W`@R4a\x01\x82W`...0\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01,', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}
block_identifier = None, state_override = None

    def _durin_call(
        self,
        transaction: TxParams,
        block_identifier: Optional[BlockIdentifier] = None,
        state_override: Optional[CallOverride] = None,
    ) -> Union[bytes, bytearray]:
        max_redirects = self.w3.provider.ccip_read_max_redirects
    
        if not max_redirects or max_redirects < 4:
            raise ValueError(
                "ccip_read_max_redirects property on provider must be at least 4."
            )
    
        for _ in range(max_redirects):
            try:
>               return self._call(transaction, block_identifier, state_override)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/eth.py:883: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

args = ({'accessList': [], 'chainId': 131277322940537, 'data': b'` a\x01\x87`\x009`\x00Q\x80`\xa0\x1ca\x01\x82W`@R4a\x01\x82W...\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01,', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}, None, None)
kwargs = {}, method_str = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'chainId': '0x776562337079', 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c6101825760405234610182576040...0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}, 'latest')
response_formatters = (Compose(<function apply_formatter_if at 0x7f27f3d02710>, <class 'hexbytes.main.HexBytes'>), <function raise_solidity_error_on_revert at 0x7f27f1d1a050>, <cyfunction identity at 0x7f27f3cecfb0>)
result_formatters = Compose(<function apply_formatter_if at 0x7f27f3d02710>, <class 'hexbytes.main.HexBytes'>)
error_formatters = <function raise_solidity_error_on_revert at 0x7f27f1d1a050>
null_result_formatters = <cyfunction identity at 0x7f27f3cecfb0>

    def caller(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Union[TReturn, LogFilter]:
        try:
            (method_str, params), response_formatters = method.process_params(
                module, *args, **kwargs
            )  # noqa: E501
        except _UseExistingFilter as err:
            return LogFilter(eth_module=module, filter_id=err.filter_id)
        (
            result_formatters,
            error_formatters,
            null_result_formatters,
        ) = response_formatters
>       result = w3.manager.request_blocking(
            method_str, params, error_formatters, null_result_formatters
        )

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/module.py:64: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = <web3.manager.RequestManager object at 0x7f27cd1d4a60>
method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'chainId': '0x776562337079', 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c6101825760405234610182576040...0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}, 'latest')
error_formatters = <function raise_solidity_error_on_revert at 0x7f27f1d1a050>
null_result_formatters = <cyfunction identity at 0x7f27f3cecfb0>

    def request_blocking(
        self,
        method: Union[RPCEndpoint, Callable[..., RPCEndpoint]],
        params: Any,
        error_formatters: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
        null_result_formatters: Optional[Callable[..., Any]] = None,
    ) -> Any:
        """
        Make a synchronous request using the provider
        """
>       response = self._make_request(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/manager.py:198: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = <web3.manager.RequestManager object at 0x7f27cd1d4a60>
method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'chainId': '0x776562337079', 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c6101825760405234610182576040...0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}, 'latest')

    def _make_request(
        self, method: Union[RPCEndpoint, Callable[..., RPCEndpoint]], params: Any
    ) -> RPCResponse:
        provider = cast("BaseProvider", self.provider)
        request_func = provider.request_func(self.w3, self.middleware_onion)
        self.logger.debug(f"Making request. Method: {method}")
>       return request_func(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/manager.py:151: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'chainId': '0x776562337079', 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c6101825760405234610182576040...0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}, 'latest')

    def middleware(method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        lock_acquired = (
            lock.acquire(blocking=False) if method in rpc_whitelist else False
        )
    
        try:
            if lock_acquired and method in rpc_whitelist:
                cache_key = generate_cache_key((method, params))
                if cache_key not in cache:
                    response = make_request(method, params)
                    if should_cache_fn(method, params, response):
                        cache[cache_key] = response
                    return response
                return cache[cache_key]
            else:
>               return make_request(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/middleware/cache.py:143: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'chainId': '0x776562337079', 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c6101825760405234610182576040...0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}, 'latest')

    def middleware(method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        formatters = merge(
            FORMATTER_DEFAULTS,
            web3_formatters_builder(w3, method),
        )
        request_formatters = formatters.pop("request_formatters")
    
        if method in request_formatters:
            formatter = request_formatters[method]
            params = formatter(params)
>       response = make_request(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/middleware/formatting.py:95: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'chainId': '0x776562337079', 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c6101825760405234610182576040...0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}, 'latest')

    def middleware(method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        if method == "eth_sendTransaction":
            transaction = params[0]
            generated_gas_price = w3.eth.generate_gas_price(transaction)
            latest_block = w3.eth.get_block("latest")
            transaction = validate_transaction_params(
                transaction, latest_block, generated_gas_price
            )
            return make_request(method, (transaction,))
>       return make_request(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/middleware/gas_price_strategy.py:93: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'chainId': '0x776562337079', 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c6101825760405234610182576040...0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}, 'latest')

    def middleware(method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        formatters = merge(
            FORMATTER_DEFAULTS,
            web3_formatters_builder(w3, method),
        )
        request_formatters = formatters.pop("request_formatters")
    
        if method in request_formatters:
            formatter = request_formatters[method]
            params = formatter(params)
>       response = make_request(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/middleware/formatting.py:95: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'chainId': '0x776562337079', 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c6101825760405234610182576040...0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}, 'latest')

    def middleware(method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
>       response = make_request(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/middleware/attrdict.py:34: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'chainId': '0x776562337079', 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c6101825760405234610182576040...0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', ...}, 'latest')

    def middleware(method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        formatters = merge(
            FORMATTER_DEFAULTS,
            web3_formatters_builder(w3, method),
        )
        request_formatters = formatters.pop("request_formatters")
    
        if method in request_formatters:
            formatter = request_formatters[method]
            params = formatter(params)
>       response = make_request(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/middleware/formatting.py:95: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c61018257604052346101825760405160005560206101a760003960005...00000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', 'gas': '0x1ca3542', ...}, 'latest')

    def middleware(method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        formatters = merge(
            FORMATTER_DEFAULTS,
            web3_formatters_builder(w3, method),
        )
        request_formatters = formatters.pop("request_formatters")
    
        if method in request_formatters:
            formatter = request_formatters[method]
            params = formatter(params)
>       response = make_request(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/middleware/formatting.py:95: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c61018257604052346101825760405160005560206101a760003960005...00000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', 'gas': '0x1ca3542', ...}, 'latest')

    def middleware(method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        formatters = merge(
            FORMATTER_DEFAULTS,
            web3_formatters_builder(w3, method),
        )
        request_formatters = formatters.pop("request_formatters")
    
        if method in request_formatters:
            formatter = request_formatters[method]
            params = formatter(params)
>       response = make_request(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/middleware/formatting.py:95: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c61018257604052346101825760405160005560206101a760003960005...00000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', 'gas': '0x1ca3542', ...}, 'latest')

    def middleware(method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        if method == "eth_sendTransaction":
            transaction = params[0]
            if "gas" not in transaction:
                transaction = assoc(
                    transaction,
                    "gas",
                    hex(get_buffered_gas_estimate(w3, transaction)),
                )
                return make_request(method, [transaction])
>       return make_request(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/middleware/buffered_gas_estimate.py:40: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

method = 'eth_call'
params = ({'accessList': [], 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c61018257604052346101825760405160005560206101a760003960005...00000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', 'gas': '0x1ca3542', ...}, 'latest')

    def middleware(method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        if method in (
            "eth_call",
            "eth_estimateGas",
            "eth_sendTransaction",
        ):
            filled_transaction = pipe(
                params[0],
                fill_default_from,
            )
>           return make_request(method, [filled_transaction] + list(params)[1:])

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/providers/eth_tester/middleware.py:376: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

method = 'eth_call'
params = [{'access_list': [], 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c61018257604052346101825760405160005560206101a76000396000...00000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', 'gas': 30029122, ...}, 'latest']

    def middleware(method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        formatters = merge(
            FORMATTER_DEFAULTS,
            web3_formatters_builder(w3, method),
        )
        request_formatters = formatters.pop("request_formatters")
    
        if method in request_formatters:
            formatter = request_formatters[method]
            params = formatter(params)
>       response = make_request(method, params)

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/middleware/formatting.py:95: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = <web3.providers.eth_tester.main.EthereumTesterProvider object at 0x7f27cd1d49d0>
method = 'eth_call'
params = [{'access_list': [], 'data': '0x60206101876000396000518060a01c61018257604052346101825760405160005560206101a76000396000...00000000000000000000000000012c', 'from': '0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C', 'gas': 30029122, ...}, 'latest']

    def make_request(self, method: RPCEndpoint, params: Any) -> RPCResponse:
        namespace, _, endpoint = method.partition("_")
        from eth_tester.exceptions import TransactionFailed
    
        try:
            delegator = self.api_endpoints[namespace][endpoint]
        except KeyError:
            return RPCResponse({"error": f"Unknown RPC Endpoint: {method}"})
        try:
            response = delegator(self.ethereum_tester, params)
        except NotImplementedError:
            return RPCResponse(
                {"error": f"RPC Endpoint has not been implemented: {method}"}
            )
        except TransactionFailed as e:
            try:
                reason = abi.decode(["(string)"], e.args[0].args[0][4:])[0]
            except (InsufficientDataBytes, AttributeError):
                reason = e.args[0]
>           raise TransactionFailed(f"execution reverted: {reason}")
E           eth_tester.exceptions.TransactionFailed: execution reverted: b''

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/web3/providers/eth_tester/main.py:154: TransactionFailed

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

    def test_deploy_open_auction():
        account = accounts.test_accounts[0]
        beneficiary = accounts.test_accounts[1]
>       account.deploy(project.OpenAuction, beneficiary, 1679589592, 300)

tests/test_open_auction.py:6: 
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 
../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/ape/api/accounts.py:203: in deploy
    receipt = self.call(txn, **kwargs)
../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/ape/api/accounts.py:142: in call
    return self.provider.send_transaction(signed_txn)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 

self = <test chain_id=131277322940537>
txn = <DynamicFeeTransaction chainId=131277322940537, from=0x1e59ce931B4CFea3fe4B875411e280e173cB7A9C, gas=30029122, nonce=0...\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01,', type=2, maxFeePerGas=1000000000, maxPriorityFeePerGas=0, accessList=[]>

    def send_transaction(self, txn: TransactionAPI) -> ReceiptAPI:
        try:
            txn_hash = self.web3.eth.send_raw_transaction(txn.serialize_transaction())
        except (ValidationError, TransactionFailed) as err:
            vm_err = self.get_virtual_machine_error(err, txn=txn)
            vm_err.txn = txn
            raise vm_err from err
    
        receipt = self.get_receipt(
            txn_hash.hex(), required_confirmations=txn.required_confirmations or 0
        )
    
        if receipt.failed:
            txn_dict = txn.dict()
            txn_dict["nonce"] += 1
            txn_params = cast(TxParams, txn_dict)
    
            # Replay txn to get revert reason
            try:
                self.web3.eth.call(txn_params)
            except (ValidationError, TransactionFailed) as err:
                vm_err = self.get_virtual_machine_error(err, txn=txn)
                vm_err.txn = txn
>               raise vm_err from err
E               ape.exceptions.ContractLogicError: Transaction failed.

../../../.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs/vyper-example-iq9ZkFkN-py3.10/lib/python3.10/site-packages/ape_test/provider.py:162: ContractLogicError
=========================== short test summary info ============================
FAILED tests/test_open_auction.py::test_deploy_open_auction - ape.exceptions....
========================= 1 failed, 2 passed in 0.56s ==========================

[fubuloubu]

Yes, we are working on adding true stack trace support to ape soon. Currently, you are seeing the python stack trace, which as you note isn't very helpful at all with debugging. Adding this feature is taking some significant effort, but we will be able to release it soon

in the mean time, try ape test -I to enter into the test at the point of the exception

[LinuxIsCool]

Whoa @fubuloubu epic reply. Thank you and the team for your efforts towards meaningful stack traces and thanks for the tip with ape test -I!