-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
cobol.html
205 lines (202 loc) · 10.2 KB
/
cobol.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>COBOL</title>
<!-- Latest compiled and minified CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<!-- jQuery library -->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- Latest compiled JavaScript -->
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/hp.css" type="text/css">
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway:200,400,800' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/script.js"></script>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="container">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" data-target="#navbarCollapse" data-toggle="collapse" class="navbar-toggle">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a href="homepage.html" class="navbar-brand">CoC</a>
</div>
<!-- Collection of nav links and other content for toggling -->
<div id="navbarCollapse" class="collapse navbar-collapse">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li><a href="homepage.html">Home</a></li>
<li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Computer<span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="hp.html">Hewlett Packard is Founded</a></li>
<li><a href="bell.html">Bell Labs Relay Interpolator</a></li>
<li><a href="firstprogram.html">First Computer Program</a></li>
<li><a href="ibm.html">IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Calculator</a></li>
<li><a href="super.html">CDC 6600 Supercomputer</a></li>
<li><a href="micro.html">First Microprocessor</a></li>
<li><a href="pc.html">Personal Computer </a></li>
<li><a href="camera.html">First Camera Phone</a></li>
<li><a href="earth.html">Fastest Supercomputer(Earth Simulator)</a></li>
<li><a href="arduino.html">Arduino</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">AI & Robotics <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="cybernetics.html">Cybernetics</a></li>
<li><a href="turing.html">Turing Test</a></li>
<li><a href="lisp.html">LISP</a></li>
<li><a href="sort.html">Quicksort Algorithm</a></li>
<li><a href="lambda.html">LMI Lambda</a></li>
<li><a href="blue.html">Deep Blue</a></li>
<li><a href="asimo.html">ASIMO</a></li>
<li><a href="watson.html">IBM Watson</a></li>
<li><a href="siri.html">SIRI is announced</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="dropdown"><a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Software & Languages <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="plank.html">Plankalkül</a></li>
<li><a href="fort.html">FORTRAN</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="cobol.html">COBOL</a></li>
<li><a href="ascii.html">ASCII</a></li>
<li><a href="unix.html">UNIX</a></li>
<li><a href="clang.html">C Language Introduced</a></li>
<li><a href="matlab.html">MATLAB Released</a></li>
<li><a href="cplus.html">C++ Language Introduced</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="about.html">About</a></li>
<li><a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<header class="v-header container">
<div class="fullscreen-video-wrap">
<video src="video/video.mp4" autoplay="" loop="">
</video>
</div>
<div class="header-overlay"></div>
<div class="header-content text-md-center">
<a href="cobol.html"><h1>COBOL<br/>(1943)</h1></a>
</div>
</header>
<div class="container-fluid subdiv">
<div class="row">
<div class="container-fluid-6 power">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<h1>Grace Brewster Murray Hopper</h1>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid-6 powers">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 first">
<p>
Grace Brewster Murray Hopper (Murray; December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist and United States Navy
rear admiral. One of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I computer, she was a pioneer of computer programming who invented one
of the first compiler related tools. She popularized the idea of machine-independent programming languages, which led to the development
of COBOL, an early high-level programming language still in use today.
</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<img src="img/cobol1.jpg" alt="Image-Unavailable" id="first" title="Grace Murray Hopper"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid subdiv relay">
<div class="row">
<div class="container-fluid-6 power">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<h1>COBOL</h1>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid-6 powers">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 second">
<img src="img/cobol2.jpeg" alt="Image-Unavailable" id="first" title="COBOL"/>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p class="second">
COBOL ("common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use.
It is imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and
administrative systems for companies and governments. COBOL is still widely used in legacy applications deployed on mainframe
computers, such as large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs. But due to its declining popularity and the retirement of
experienced COBOL programmers, programs are being migrated to new platforms, rewritten in modern languages or replaced with software
packages. Most programming in COBOL is now purely to maintain existing applications
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid subdiv">
<div class="row">
<div class="container-fluid-6 power">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<h1>US Department of Defense</h1>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid-6 powers">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 first">
<p>
COBOL was designed in 1959 by CODASYL and was partly based on previous programming language design work by Grace Hopper,
commonly referred to as "the (grand)mother of COBOL". It was created as part of a US Department of Defense effort to create a
portable programming language for data processing. Intended as a stopgap, the Department of Defense promptly forced computer
manufacturers to provide it, resulting in its widespread adoption. It was standardized in 1968 and has since been revised
four times. Expansions include support for structured and object-oriented programming. The current standard is ISO/IEC 1989:2014.
</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<img src="img/cobol3.jpg" alt="Image-Unavailable" id="cobol" title="US Department of Defense"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid subdiv relay">
<div class="row">
<div class="container-fluid-6 power">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<h1>Syntax</h1>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid-6 powers">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 second">
<img src="img/cobol4.jpg" alt="Image-Unavailable" id="first" title="COBOL"/>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6">
<p class="second">
COBOL statements have an English-like syntax, which were designed to be self-documenting and highly readable.
However, it is verbose and uses over 300 reserved words. In contrast with modern, succinct syntax like y = x;, COBOL has a more
English-like syntax (in this case, MOVE x TO y). COBOL code is split into four divisions (identification, environment, data and
procedure) containing a rigid hierarchy of sections, paragraphs and sentences. Lacking a large standard library, the standard
specifies 43 statements, 87 functions and just one class.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer class="container-fluid text-center bg-lightgray">
<div class="copyrights" style="margin-top:25px;">
<p>DHA Suffa University © 2018, All Rights Reserved
<br>
<span>Web Design By: Muhammad Ali Khan</span></p>
<p><a href="http://cs.dsu.edu.pk/" target="_blank">CS@DSU</a></p>
</div>
</footer>
</body>
</html>