diff --git a/private/buf/buflsp/server.go b/private/buf/buflsp/server.go
index e6f79f1512..040bedd46f 100644
--- a/private/buf/buflsp/server.go
+++ b/private/buf/buflsp/server.go
@@ -410,6 +410,14 @@ func (s *server) SemanticTokensFull(
 	progress.Begin(ctx, "Processing Tokens")
 	defer progress.Done(ctx)
 
+	// In the case where there are no symbols for the file, we return nil for SemanticTokensFull.
+	// This is based on the specification for the method textDocument/semanticTokens/full,
+	// the expected response is the union type `SemanticTokens | null`.
+	// https://microsoft.github.io/language-server-protocol/specifications/lsp/3.17/specification/#textDocument_semanticTokens
+	if len(file.symbols) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
 	var (
 		encoded           []uint32
 		prevLine, prevCol uint32