Add static code analysis.

[crud89]

Describe the pull request

This PR adds clangcl presets that are intended to be used during CI for static code analysis using clang-tidy. From now on, each PR executes checks against static code analysis and automated tests (see #129). Alongside this, lots of issues with the code base have been addressed. Most importantly:

• There's a new SharedObject base class for objects that enable shared_from_this. This also allows for more efficient allocation of shared pointers, so it's the recommended way to implement objects that require shared ownership.
• Many objects now store a WeakPtr to their parent device instead of a reference. This way, it was possible to catch several issues where resource release must happen in order to prevent invalid memory access.
• Also the implementation of pImpl pointers has changed and the Implements base (which was never really helpful anyway) has been removed.
• The rest are a ton (!) of related changes that all addressed issues from code analysis.

[crud89]

Run: checks