diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index 24fce6a2..736b170a 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -15,13 +15,22 @@ From now on, consider using other packages such as **parsnip** or **tidymodels**
 
 ## Minor changes
 
+Plotting: 
+
+- `plot.FFTrees()` now labels row of 2x2 confusion matrix as "Prediction" when using "test" data. 
 - `plot.FFTrees()` now has a `truth.labels` argument which, if set, distinguishes labels of true (signal vs. noise) cases from decision outcomes. 
 - `plot.FFTrees()` now has a `grayscale` argument which, if TRUE, creates a grayscale plot. 
+
+<!-- Costs: --> 
+
+Decision costs:
+
 - Increased value of `cost_cues_default` from 0 to 1, so that default cue costs correspond to `mcu`. 
 
 
 ## Details
 
+- Fix bug for missing plot title. 
 - Added `@aliases FFTrees-package` to documentation of main `FFTrees()` function.
 - Removed redundant `data_old` folder. 
 
@@ -498,6 +507,6 @@ Thus, the main tree building function is now `FFTrees()` and the new tree object
 
 ------ 
 
-[File `NEWS.md` last updated on 2024-05-21.]
+[File `NEWS.md` last updated on 2024-09-04.]
 
 <!-- eof. -->
diff --git a/R/plotFFTrees_function.R b/R/plotFFTrees_function.R
index 8fe72957..4cec1f39 100644
--- a/R/plotFFTrees_function.R
+++ b/R/plotFFTrees_function.R
@@ -1640,7 +1640,7 @@ plot.FFTrees <- function(x = NULL,
             # print(lloc)  # 4debugging
 
 
-            # Classification table: ----
+            # Classification table: 2x2 matrix / confusion matrix: ----
 
             if (show.confusion) {
 
@@ -1695,16 +1695,19 @@ plot.FFTrees <- function(x = NULL,
                 decision.labels[1], adj = 1
               )
 
+              # Adjust row category label:
+              if (data == "test") {
+                row_lbl <- "Prediction"
+              } else { # default:
+                row_lbl <- "Decision"
+              }
+
               text(
                 x = final_classtable_x[1] - .065,
                 y = mean(final_classtable_y), cex = header_cex,
-                "Decision"
+                row_lbl
               )
 
-              # text(x = final_classtable_x[1] - .05,
-              #      y = mean(final_classtable_y), cex = header_cex,
-              #      "Decision", srt = 90, pos = 3)
-
 
               # Add final frequencies: ----
 
diff --git a/R/util_plot.R b/R/util_plot.R
index e4722fbe..259cd85d 100644
--- a/R/util_plot.R
+++ b/R/util_plot.R
@@ -422,7 +422,11 @@ get_x_dev <- function(string, csf = .80){
   # csf: constant scaling factor
   # Returns a difference value that depends on string width (from min = .15 upwards).
 
-  n_char <- nchar(string)
+  if (!is.na(string)) {
+    n_char <- nchar(string)
+  } else {
+    n_char <- 0
+  }
 
   if (n_char > 15){ # widen rectangle: