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faq.html
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faq.html
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<body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>LAPACK FAQ</h1>
<div id="toc">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<noscript><p><b>JavaScript must be enabled in your browser to display the table of contents.</b></p></noscript>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_lapack">LAPACK</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="admonitionblock">
<table><tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">If you have a problem or question not answered on this page, please take a look at <a href="http://icl.cs.utk.edu/lapack-forum"><strong>the LAPACK User Forum</strong></a></td>
</tr></table>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_what_and_where_is_lapack">What and where is LAPACK?</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>LAPACK provides routines for solving systems of simultaneous linear equations, least-squares solutions of linear systems of equations, eigenvalue problems, and singular value problems. The associated matrix factorizations (LU, Cholesky, QR, SVD, Schur, generalized Schur) are also provided, as are related computations such as reordering of the Schur factorizations and estimating condition numbers. Dense and banded matrices are handled, but not general sparse matrices. In all areas, similar functionality is provided for real and complex matrices, in both single and double precision.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>LAPACK introduces new routines, as well as extending the functionality of existing routines. For detailed information on the latest improvement since LAPACK 3.0, see <a href="http://www.netlib.org/lapack/improvement.html">here</a>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The LAPACK library is available from netlib at <a href="http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lapack.tgz">http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lapack.tgz</a> .
It can be included in commercial software packages.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_what_and_where_are_the_lapack_vendors_implementations">What and where are the LAPACK Vendors' implementations?</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>These optimized LAPACK libraries are provided by the computer vendor, by an independent software vendor (ISV) or by some Linux/BSD distributions (see list below). For further details, please contact your local vendor representative.</p></div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_lapack_vendor_library_list_last_update_april_18_2006">LAPACK vendor library List (Last update: April 18, 2006)</h4>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
AMD : <a href="http://developer.amd.com/acml.aspx">ACML</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Apple : <a href="http://developer.apple.com/hardwaredrivers/ve/vector_libraries.html#LAPACK">Velocity Engine</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Compaq : <a href="http://h18000.www1.hp.com/math/documentation/cxml/dxml.3dxml.html">CXML</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Cray : <a href="http://docs.cray.com/books/004-2151-002//004-2151-002-manual.pdf">libsci manual, chapter 3</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
HP : <a href="http://www.hp.com/go/mlib">MLIB</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
IBM : ESSL / Parallel ESSL <a href="http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/p/software/essl.html">Overview</a>, <a href="http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/clresctr/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cluster.essl.doc/esslbooks.html">Documentation</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Intel : <a href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/intel-mkl">MKL</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
NEC : <a href="http://www.sw.nec.co.jp/hpc/mediator/sxm_e/software/61.html">PDLIB/SX</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
SGI : <a href="http://www.sgi.com/products/software/scsl.html">SCSL</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
SUN : <a href="http://developers.sun.com/prodtech/cc/perflib_index.html">Sun Performance Library</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_high_level_interface">high-level interface</h4>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://www.mathworks.com/company/newsletters/news_notes/clevescorner/winter2000.cleve.html">Matlab</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/">Octave</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://www.nag.com/numeric/numerical_libraries.asp">NAG Numerical Librairies</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://www.maplesoft.com/">Maple</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://www.r-project.org/">R project</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://www.scilab.org/">Scilab</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://www.ceemple.com/">Ceemple</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_linux_distribution">Linux Distribution</h4>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
Fedora, RedHat, Suse, Mandriva <a href="http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=lapack">RPM</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Debian <a href="http://packages.debian.org/stable/libs/lapack">Lapack Debian package</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Cygwin Pick up <em>lapack</em> from the <em>Math</em> category during installation.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Ubuntu <a href="http://packages.ubuntulinux.org/breezy/source/lapack">Lapack Ubuntu package</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Gentoo <a href="http://packages.gentoo.org/search/?sstring=lapack">Lapack Gentoo package</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
Quantian <a href="http://dirk.eddelbuettel.com/quantian.html">Lapack package</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="_bsds">BSDs</h4>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
OpenBSD, FreeBSD <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/url.cgi?ports/math/lapack/pkg-descr">ports</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
NetBSD, Dragonfly BSD <a href="http://pkgsrc.se/math/lapack">pkgsrc</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_what_are_the_difference_between_lapack_and_eispack_and_linpack">What are the difference between LAPACK? and EISPACK and LINPACK</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The original goal of the LAPACK project was to make the widely used EISPACK and LINPACK libraries run efficiently on shared-memory vector and parallel processors. On these machines, LINPACK and EISPACK are inefficient because their memory access patterns disregard the multi-layered memory hierarchies of the machines, thereby spending too much time moving data instead of doing useful floating-point operations. LAPACK addresses this problem by reorganizing the algorithms to use block matrix operations, such as matrix multiplication, in the innermost loops. These block operations can be optimized for each architecture to account for the memory hierarchy, and so provide a transportable way to achieve high efficiency on diverse modern machines. We use the term "transportable" instead of "portable" because, for fastest possible performance, LAPACK requires that highly optimized block matrix operations be already implemented on each machine.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>LAPACK routines are written so that as much as possible of the computation is performed by calls to the Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS). While LINPACK and EISPACK are based on the vector operation kernels of the Level 1 BLAS, LAPACK was designed at the outset to exploit the Level 3 BLAS — a set of specifications for Fortran subprograms that do various types of matrix multiplication and the solution of triangular systems with multiple right-hand sides. Because of the coarse granularity of the Level 3 BLAS operations, their use promotes high efficiency on many high-performance computers, particularly if specially coded implementations are provided by the manufacturer.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Highly efficient machine-specific implementations of the BLAS are available for many modern high-performance computers. The BLAS enable LAPACK routines to achieve high performance with transportable software. Although a model Fortran implementation of the BLAS in available from netlib in the BLAS library, it is not expected to perform as well as a specially tuned implementation on most high-performance computers — on some machines it may give much worse performance — but it allows users to run LAPACK software on machines that do not offer any other implementation of the BLAS.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_are_there_legal_restrictions_on_the_use_of_lapack_software">Are there legal restrictions on the use of LAPACK software?</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>LAPACK is a freely-available software package. It is available from netlib via anonymous ftp and the World Wide Web at <a href="http://www.netlib.org/lapack">http://www.netlib.org/lapack</a> . Thus, it can be included in commercial software packages (and has been). We only ask that proper credit be given to the authors.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Like all software, it is copyrighted. It is not trademarked, but we do ask the following:</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>If you modify the source for these routines we ask that you change the name of the routine and comment the changes made to the original.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>We will gladly answer any questions regarding the software. If a modification is done, however, it is the responsibility of the person who modified the routine to provide support.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_how_do_i_reference_lapack_in_a_scientific_publication">How do I reference LAPACK in a scientific publication?</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>We ask that you cite the LAPACK Users' Guide, Third Edition.</p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>@BOOK{laug,
AUTHOR = {Anderson, E. and Bai, Z. and Bischof, C. and
Blackford, S. and Demmel, J. and Dongarra, J. and
Du Croz, J. and Greenbaum, A. and Hammarling, S. and
McKenney, A. and Sorensen, D.},
TITLE = {{LAPACK} Users' Guide},
EDITION = {Third},
PUBLISHER = {Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics},
YEAR = {1999},
ADDRESS = {Philadelphia, PA},
ISBN = {0-89871-447-8 (paperback)} }</code></pre>
</div></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_what_revisions_have_been_made_since_the_last_release">What revisions have been made since the last release?</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>For detailed information on the revisions since the previous public release, go to the <a href="http://www.netlib.org/lapack/release_notes.html">Release Notes Page</a>.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>To keep updated with the LAPACK project, subscribe to the LAPACK announcement list (USERS CANNOT POST TO THIS LIST):</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
<a href="http://lists.cs.utk.edu/pipermail/lapack-announce">Archives</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="mailto:lapack-announce-subscribe@cs.utk.edu">Subscribe</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<a href="mailto:lapack-announce-unsubscribe@cs.utk.edu">unsubscribe </a>
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>This is a low-volume list that is used to announce new version of LAPACK, important updates, etc. The list is only for announcements, so only the LAPACK development team can post to the list. Posts from outside the LAPACK development team will be automatically discarded.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_when_is_the_next_scheduled_release_of_lapack">When is the next scheduled release of LAPACK?</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>LAPACK, version 3.6.1 was released on June 2016. We expect to release LAPACK 3.7.0 by the end of 2016.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_where_can_i_find_more_information_about_lapack">Where can I find more information about LAPACK?</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>A variety of working notes related to the development of the LAPACK library were published as LAPACK Working Notes and are available in postscript or pdf format at: <a href="http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lawns/downloads">http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lawns/downloads</a></p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_where_can_i_find_the_lapack_users_guide">Where can I find the LAPACK Users' Guide?</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug">HTML version of the LAPACK Users' Guide, Third Edition</a></p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The printed version of the LAPACK Users' Guide, Third Edition is available from SIAM (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics). The list price is $39.00 and the SIAM Member Price is $31.20. The order code for the book is SE09. Contact SIAM for additional information.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="http://www.siam.org/">http://www.siam.org/</a></p></div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><code>service@siam.org
fax: 215-386-7999
phone: (USA) 800-447-SIAM
(outside USA) 215-382-9800
mail: SIAM, Customer Service, P. O. Box 7260, Philadelphia, PA 19104.</code></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>The royalties from the sales of this book are being placed in a fund to help students attend SIAM meetings and other SIAM related activities. This fund is administered by SIAM and qualified individuals are encouraged to write directly to SIAM for guidelines.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_is_there_a_c_interface_to_lapack">Is there a C interface to LAPACK?</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p><strong>Yes</strong>, see the link:Standard C language APIs for LAPACK section[<a href="http://www.netlib.org/lapack">http://www.netlib.org/lapack</a>].</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_why_aren_8217_t_blas_routines_included_when_i_download_an_lapack_routine">Why aren’t BLAS routines included when I download an LAPACK routine?</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>It is assumed that you have a machine-specific optimized BLAS library already available on the architecture to which you are installing LAPACK. If this is not the case, you can download a Fortran77 reference implementation of the BLAS from netlib.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Although a model implementation of the BLAS in available from netlib in the blas directory, it is not expected to perform as well as a specially tuned implementation on most high-performance computers — on some machines it may give much worse performance — but it allows users to run LAPACK software on machines that do not offer any other implementation of the BLAS.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Alternatively, you can automatically generate an optimized BLAS library for your machine, using ATLAS
<a href="http://www.netlib.org/atlas/">http://www.netlib.org/atlas/</a></p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_is_there_an_lapack_rpm_available_for_redhat_linux">Is there an LAPACK rpm available for RedHat Linux?</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Yes! Refer to the</p></div>