ISR_Timer_Complex_WiFiNINA.ino

/****************************************************************************************************************************
  ISR_Timer_Complex_WiFiNINA.ino
  For SAMD boards
  Written by Khoi Hoang
  
  Built by Khoi Hoang https://github.com/khoih-prog/SAMD_TimerInterrupt
  Licensed under MIT license
  
  Now even you use all these new 16 ISR-based timers,with their maximum interval practically unlimited (limited only by
  unsigned long miliseconds), you just consume only one SAMD timer and avoid conflicting with other cores' tasks.
  The accuracy is nearly perfect compared to software timers. The most important feature is they're ISR-based timers
  Therefore, their executions are not blocked by bad-behaving functions / tasks.
  This important feature is absolutely necessary for mission-critical tasks.
*****************************************************************************************************************************/
/*
   Notes:
   Special design is necessary to share data between interrupt code and the rest of your program.
   Variables usually need to be "volatile" types. Volatile tells the compiler to avoid optimizations that assume
   variable can not spontaneously change. Because your function may change variables while your program is using them,
   the compiler needs this hint. But volatile alone is often not enough.
   When accessing shared variables, usually interrupts must be disabled. Even with volatile,
   if the interrupt changes a multi-byte variable between a sequence of instructions, it can be read incorrectly.
   If your data is multiple variables, such as an array and a count, usually interrupts need to be disabled
   or the entire sequence of your code which accesses the data.

   RPM Measuring uses high frequency hardware timer 1Hz == 1ms) to measure the time from of one rotation, in ms
   then convert to RPM. One rotation is detected by reading the state of a magnetic REED SW or IR LED Sensor
   Asssuming LOW is active.
   For example: Max speed is 600RPM => 10 RPS => minimum 100ms a rotation. We'll use 80ms for debouncing
   If the time between active state is less than 8ms => consider noise.
   RPM = 60000 / (rotation time in ms)

   We use interrupt to detect whenever the SW is active, set a flag then use timer to count the time between active state

   This example will demonstrate the nearly perfect accuracy compared to software timers by printing the actual elapsed millisecs.
   Being ISR-based timers, their executions are not blocked by bad-behaving functions / tasks, such as connecting to WiFi, Internet
   and Blynk services. You can also have many (up to 16) timers to use.
   This non-being-blocked important feature is absolutely necessary for mission-critical tasks.
   You'll see blynkTimer is blocked while connecting to WiFi / Internet / Blynk, and elapsed time is very unaccurate
   In this super simple example, you don't see much different after Blynk is connected, because of no competing task is
   written
*/

#if !( defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_ZERO) || defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_MKR1000) || defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_MKRWIFI1010) \
      || defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_NANO_33_IOT) || defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_MKRFox1200) || defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_MKRWAN1300) || defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_MKRWAN1310) \
      || defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_MKRGSM1400) || defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_MKRNB1500) || defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_MKRVIDOR4000) \
      || defined(ARDUINO_SAMD_CIRCUITPLAYGROUND_EXPRESS) || defined(__SAMD51__) || defined(__SAMD51J20A__) \
      || defined(__SAMD51J19A__) || defined(__SAMD51G19A__) || defined(__SAMD51P19A__)  \
      || defined(__SAMD21E15A__) || defined(__SAMD21E16A__) || defined(__SAMD21E17A__) || defined(__SAMD21E18A__) \
      || defined(__SAMD21G15A__) || defined(__SAMD21G16A__) || defined(__SAMD21G17A__) || defined(__SAMD21G18A__) \
      || defined(__SAMD21J15A__) || defined(__SAMD21J16A__) || defined(__SAMD21J17A__) || defined(__SAMD21J18A__) )
  #error This code is designed to run on SAMD21/SAMD51 platform! Please check your Tools->Board setting.
#endif

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

//#define BLYNK_DEBUG
#ifdef BLYNK_DEBUG
  #undef BLYNK_DEBUG
#endif

/* Comment this out to disable prints and save space */
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <BlynkSimpleWiFiNINA_SAMD.h>

#define USE_LOCAL_SERVER      true

#if USE_LOCAL_SERVER
  char auth[] = "******";
  char server[] = "account.duckdns.org";
  //char server[] = "192.168.2.112";

#else
  char auth[] = "******";
  char server[] = "blynk-cloud.com";
#endif
  
  #define BLYNK_HARDWARE_PORT       8080

#if !(USE_BUILTIN_ETHERNET || USE_UIP_ETHERNET)
  #define W5100_CS  10
  #define SDCARD_CS 4
#endif

// Your WiFi credentials.
char ssid[] = "SSID";
char pass[] = "12345678";

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// These define's must be placed at the beginning before #include "SAMDTimerInterrupt.h"
// _TIMERINTERRUPT_LOGLEVEL_ from 0 to 4
// Don't define _TIMERINTERRUPT_LOGLEVEL_ > 0. Only for special ISR debugging only. Can hang the system.
// Don't define TIMER_INTERRUPT_DEBUG > 2. Only for special ISR debugging only. Can hang the system.
#define TIMER_INTERRUPT_DEBUG         0
#define _TIMERINTERRUPT_LOGLEVEL_     0

// Select only one to be true for SAMD21. Must must be placed at the beginning before #include "SAMDTimerInterrupt.h"
#define USING_TIMER_TC3         true      // Only TC3 can be used for SAMD51
#define USING_TIMER_TC4         false     // Not to use with Servo library
#define USING_TIMER_TC5         false
#define USING_TIMER_TCC         false
#define USING_TIMER_TCC1        false
#define USING_TIMER_TCC2        false     // Don't use this, can crash on some boards

// Uncomment To test if conflict with Servo library
//#include "Servo.h"

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// To be included only in main(), .ino with setup() to avoid `Multiple Definitions` Linker Error
#include "SAMDTimerInterrupt.h"

// To be included only in main(), .ino with setup() to avoid `Multiple Definitions` Linker Error
#include "SAMD_ISR_Timer.h"

#define TIMER_INTERVAL_MS         100

// TC3, TC4, TC5 max permissible HW_TIMER_INTERVAL_MS is 1398.101 ms, larger will overflow, therefore not permitted
// Use TCC, TCC1, TCC2 for longer HW_TIMER_INTERVAL_MS
#define HW_TIMER_INTERVAL_MS      50

volatile uint32_t lastMillis = 0;

///////////////////////////////////////////////

#if (TIMER_INTERRUPT_USING_SAMD21)

  #if USING_TIMER_TC3
    #define SELECTED_TIMER      TIMER_TC3
  #elif USING_TIMER_TC4
    #define SELECTED_TIMER      TIMER_TC4
  #elif USING_TIMER_TC5
    #define SELECTED_TIMER      TIMER_TC5
  #elif USING_TIMER_TCC
    #define SELECTED_TIMER      TIMER_TCC
  #elif USING_TIMER_TCC1
    #define SELECTED_TIMER      TIMER_TCC1
  #elif USING_TIMER_TCC2
    #define SELECTED_TIMER      TIMER_TCC
  #else
    #error You have to select 1 Timer  
  #endif

#else

  #if !(USING_TIMER_TC3)
    #error You must select TC3 for SAMD51
  #endif
  
  #define SELECTED_TIMER      TIMER_TC3

#endif  

// Init selected SAMD timer
SAMDTimer ITimer(SELECTED_TIMER);

////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Init SAMD_ISR_Timer
// Each SAMD_ISR_Timer can service 16 different ISR-based timers
SAMD_ISR_Timer ISR_Timer;

// Init Blynk Timer
BlynkTimer blynkTimer;

#define LED_TOGGLE_INTERVAL_MS        5000L

#define TIMER_INTERVAL_2S             2000L
#define TIMER_INTERVAL_5S             5000L
#define TIMER_INTERVAL_11S            11000L
#define TIMER_INTERVAL_101S           101000L

void TimerHandler()
{
  static bool toggle  = false;
  static bool started = false;
  static int timeRun  = 0;

  ISR_Timer.run();

  // Toggle LED every LED_TOGGLE_INTERVAL_MS = 5000ms = 5s
  if (++timeRun == (LED_TOGGLE_INTERVAL_MS / HW_TIMER_INTERVAL_MS) )
  {
    timeRun = 0;

    if (!started)
    {
      started = true;
      pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
    }

    //timer interrupt toggles pin LED_BUILTIN
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, toggle);
    toggle = !toggle;
  }
}

// In SAMD, avoid doing something fancy in ISR, for example complex Serial.print with String() argument
// The pure simple Serial.prints here are just for demonstration and testing. Must be eliminate in working environment
// Or you can get this run-time error / crash
void doingSomething2s()
{
#if (TIMER_INTERRUPT_DEBUG > 0)  
  static unsigned long previousMillis = lastMillis;
  unsigned long deltaMillis = millis() - previousMillis;


  if (previousMillis > TIMER_INTERVAL_2S)
  {
    Serial.print("2s: Delta ms = "); Serial.println(deltaMillis);
  }

  previousMillis = millis();
#endif
}

// In SAMD, avoid doing something fancy in ISR, for example complex Serial.print with String() argument
// The pure simple Serial.prints here are just for demonstration and testing. Must be eliminate in working environment
// Or you can get this run-time error / crash
void doingSomething5s()
{
#if (TIMER_INTERRUPT_DEBUG > 0)  
  static unsigned long previousMillis = lastMillis;
  unsigned long deltaMillis = millis() - previousMillis;


  if (previousMillis > TIMER_INTERVAL_5S)
  {
    Serial.print("5s: Delta ms = "); Serial.println(deltaMillis);
  }

  previousMillis = millis();
#endif
}

// In SAMD, avoid doing something fancy in ISR, for example complex Serial.print with String() argument
// The pure simple Serial.prints here are just for demonstration and testing. Must be eliminate in working environment
// Or you can get this run-time error / crash
void doingSomething11s()
{
#if (TIMER_INTERRUPT_DEBUG > 0)  
  static unsigned long previousMillis = lastMillis;
  unsigned long deltaMillis = millis() - previousMillis;


  if (previousMillis > TIMER_INTERVAL_11S)
  {
    Serial.print("11s: Delta ms = "); Serial.println(deltaMillis);
  }

  previousMillis = millis();
#endif
}

// In SAMD, avoid doing something fancy in ISR, for example complex Serial.print with String() argument
// The pure simple Serial.prints here are just for demonstration and testing. Must be eliminate in working environment
// Or you can get this run-time error / crash
void doingSomething101s()
{
#if (TIMER_INTERRUPT_DEBUG > 0)  
  static unsigned long previousMillis = lastMillis;
  unsigned long deltaMillis = millis() - previousMillis;


  if (previousMillis > TIMER_INTERVAL101S)
  {
    Serial.print("101s: Delta ms = "); Serial.println(deltaMillis);
  }

  previousMillis = millis();
#endif
}

#define BLYNK_TIMER_MS        2000L

// Here is software Timer, you can do somewhat fancy stuffs without many issues.
// But always avoid
// 1. Long delay() it just doing nothing and pain-without-gain wasting CPU power.Plan and design your code / strategy ahead
// 2. Very long "do", "while", "for" loops without predetermined exit time.
void blynkDoingSomething2s()
{
  static unsigned long previousMillis = lastMillis;
  
  Serial.print(F("blynkDoingSomething2s: Delta programmed ms = ")); Serial.print(BLYNK_TIMER_MS);
  Serial.print(F(", actual = ")); Serial.println(millis() - previousMillis);
  
  previousMillis = millis();
}

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(115200);
  while (!Serial && millis() < 5000);

  delay(100);

  Serial.print(F("\nStarting ISR_Timer_Complex_WiFiNINA on ")); Serial.println(BOARD_NAME);
  Serial.println(SAMD_TIMER_INTERRUPT_VERSION);
  Serial.print(F("CPU Frequency = ")); Serial.print(F_CPU / 1000000); Serial.println(F(" MHz"));

  // You need this timer for non-critical tasks. Avoid abusing ISR if not absolutely necessary.
  blynkTimer.setInterval(BLYNK_TIMER_MS, blynkDoingSomething2s);

  // Interval in millisecs
  if (ITimer.attachInterruptInterval_MS(HW_TIMER_INTERVAL_MS, TimerHandler))
  {
    lastMillis = millis();
    Serial.print(F("Starting ITimer OK, millis() = ")); Serial.println(lastMillis);
  }
  else
    Serial.println(F("Can't set ITimer. Select another freq. or interval"));

  // Just to demonstrate, don't use too many ISR Timers if not absolutely necessary
  // You can use up to 16 timer for each ISR_Timer
  ISR_Timer.setInterval(TIMER_INTERVAL_2S, doingSomething2s);
  ISR_Timer.setInterval(TIMER_INTERVAL_5S, doingSomething5s);
  ISR_Timer.setInterval(TIMER_INTERVAL_11S, doingSomething11s);
  ISR_Timer.setInterval(TIMER_INTERVAL_101S, doingSomething101s);

#if !(USE_BUILTIN_ETHERNET || USE_UIP_ETHERNET)
  pinMode(SDCARD_CS, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(SDCARD_CS, HIGH); // Deselect the SD card
#endif

#if USE_LOCAL_SERVER
  //Blynk.begin(auth, server, BLYNK_HARDWARE_PORT);
  Serial.println(F("Start Blynk"));
  Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass, server, BLYNK_HARDWARE_PORT);
#else
  Blynk.begin(auth);
  // You can also specify server:
  //Blynk.begin(auth, server, BLYNK_HARDWARE_PORT);
#endif

  if (Blynk.connected())
  {
    Serial.print(F("IP = ")); Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
  }
}

#define BLOCKING_TIME_MS      3000L

void loop()
{
  Blynk.run();

  // This unadvised blocking task is used to demonstrate the blocking effects onto the execution and accuracy to Software timer
  // You see the time elapse of ISR_Timer still accurate, whereas very unaccurate for Software Timer
  // The time elapse for 2000ms software timer now becomes 3000ms (BLOCKING_TIME_MS)
  // While that of ISR_Timer is still prefect.
  delay(BLOCKING_TIME_MS);

  // You need this Software timer for non-critical tasks. Avoid abusing ISR if not absolutely necessary
  // You don't need to and never call ISR_Timer.run() here in the loop(). It's already handled by ISR timer.
  blynkTimer.run();
}