BUG: Dataframe's to_sql method fails while trying to persist Dataframe to Postgtres in Version 2.2.0

[damianr13]

Pandas version checks

• I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the latest version of pandas.

• I have confirmed this bug exists on the main branch of pandas.

Reproducible Example

import pandas as pd
from sqlalchemy import create_engine

from .settings import get_settings  # pydantic way of reading the env variables

conn_string = get_settings().db_conn_string
df = pd.DataFrame(range(5), columns=["id"])
db = create_engine(conn_string)
conn = db.connect()

nr_rows = df.to_sql(
    "temp_pandas_test", con=conn, if_exists="replace", index=False, chunksize=1000
)

Issue Description

Exporting a pandas dataframe to Postgres doesn't work anymore in version 2.2.0. The code above works well with version 2.1.2, but in version 2.2.0 it fails with the following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/robert-andreidamian/Workspace/panprices/shelf_analytics_update_products/demo.py", line 14, in <module>
    nr_rows = df.to_sql(
  File "/Users/robert-andreidamian/.local/share/virtualenvs/shelf_analytics_update_products-BwnpeEoI/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/util/_decorators.py", line 333, in wrapper
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/robert-andreidamian/.local/share/virtualenvs/shelf_analytics_update_products-BwnpeEoI/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/core/generic.py", line 3059, in to_sql
    return sql.to_sql(
  File "/Users/robert-andreidamian/.local/share/virtualenvs/shelf_analytics_update_products-BwnpeEoI/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/sql.py", line 858, in to_sql
    return pandas_sql.to_sql(
  File "/Users/robert-andreidamian/.local/share/virtualenvs/shelf_analytics_update_products-BwnpeEoI/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/sql.py", line 2867, in to_sql
    table.create()
  File "/Users/robert-andreidamian/.local/share/virtualenvs/shelf_analytics_update_products-BwnpeEoI/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/sql.py", line 1000, in create
    if self.exists():
  File "/Users/robert-andreidamian/.local/share/virtualenvs/shelf_analytics_update_products-BwnpeEoI/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/sql.py", line 986, in exists
    return self.pd_sql.has_table(self.name, self.schema)
  File "/Users/robert-andreidamian/.local/share/virtualenvs/shelf_analytics_update_products-BwnpeEoI/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/sql.py", line 2882, in has_table
    return len(self.execute(query, [name]).fetchall()) > 0
  File "/Users/robert-andreidamian/.local/share/virtualenvs/shelf_analytics_update_products-BwnpeEoI/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pandas/io/sql.py", line 2689, in execute
    cur = self.con.cursor()
AttributeError: 'Connection' object has no attribute 'cursor'

I noticed that a new driver was added in Version 2.2.0, which might be related to my issue.

Expected Behavior

The code above should execute the same way it used to do with the previous version, and export the dataframe to a table in my Postgres Database.

Installed Versions

INSTALLED VERSIONS

commit : c3014ab
python : 3.9.13.final.0
python-bits : 64
OS : Darwin
OS-release : 23.1.0
Version : Darwin Kernel Version 23.1.0: Mon Oct 9 21:32:52 PDT 2023; root:xnu-10002.41.9~7/RELEASE_ARM64_T8122
machine : x86_64
processor : i386
byteorder : little
LC_ALL : None
LANG : None
LOCALE : en_GB.UTF-8
pandas : 3.0.0.dev0+210.gc3014abb3b
numpy : 1.26.3
pytz : 2023.4
dateutil : 2.8.2
setuptools : 68.2.2
pip : 23.3.1
Cython : None
pytest : None
hypothesis : None
sphinx : None
blosc : None
feather : None
xlsxwriter : None
lxml.etree : 5.1.0
html5lib : None
pymysql : None
psycopg2 : 2.9.9
jinja2 : 3.1.3
IPython : None
pandas_datareader : None
adbc-driver-postgresql: None
adbc-driver-sqlite : None
bs4 : None
bottleneck : None
dataframe-api-compat : None
fastparquet : None
fsspec : None
gcsfs : None
matplotlib : None
numba : None
numexpr : None
odfpy : None
openpyxl : 3.1.2
pandas_gbq : None
pyarrow : None
pyreadstat : None
python-calamine : None
pyxlsb : None
s3fs : None
scipy : None
sqlalchemy : None
tables : None
tabulate : None
xarray : None
xlrd : None
zstandard : None
tzdata : 2023.4
qtpy : None
pyqt5 : None

[phofl]

cc @WillAyd related to your changes?

[luke396]

maybe related #57049 and #57178

[cguinard-fbx]

Same error here with an sqlite database (I get the error with pandas 2.2.0 but not with 2.1.4)