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<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>plruby.rd</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><a name="label-0" id="label-0">PL/Ruby</a></h1><!-- RDLabel: "PL/Ruby" -->
<ul>
<li><a href="#label-2">Defining function in PL Ruby</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-5">Function returning SET (SFRM Materialize)</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-6">Function returning SET (ExprMultiResult)</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-7">Trigger procedures in PL Ruby</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-19">plruby_singleton_methods</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-20">Conversion</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-21">Class and modules</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#label-26">module PL</a> : general module</li>
<li><a href="#label-45">class PL::Plan</a> : class for prepared plans</li>
<li><a href="#label-58">class PL::Cursor</a> : class for cursors</li>
<li><a href="#label-66">class PL::Transaction</a> : class for transactions (8.0)</li>
<li><a href="#label-69">class BitString</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-117">class Tinterval</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-91">class NetAddr</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-111">class MacAddr</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-125">class Box</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-230">class Circle</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-157">class Path</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-173">class Point</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-211">class Polygon</a></li>
<li><a href="#label-196">class Segment</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p>PL/Ruby is a loadable procedural language for the PostgreSQL database
system that enables the Ruby language to create functions and trigger
procedures.</p>
<p>Functions and triggers are defined as singleton methods of the module
PLtemp.</p>
<h1><a name="label-1" id="label-1">WARNING</a></h1><!-- RDLabel: "WARNING" -->
<p><em>if PL/Ruby was compiled with <kbd>--disable-conversion</kbd>,
all arguments (to the function or the triggers) are passed as string
values, except for NULL values represented by <kbd>Qnil</kbd>.</em>
<em>In this case you must explicitely call a conversion function (like to_i)
if you want to use an argument as an integer</em></p>
<h2><a name="label-2" id="label-2">Defining function in PL Ruby</a></h2><!-- RDLabel: "Defining function in PL Ruby" -->
<p>To create a function in the PL/Ruby language use the syntax</p>
<pre>CREATE FUNCTION funcname(arguments_type) RETURNS type AS '
# PL/Ruby function body
' LANGUAGE 'plruby';</pre>
<p>when calling the function in a query, the arguments are given
in the array <kbd>args</kbd>. To create a little max
function returning the higher of two int4 values write :</p>
<pre>CREATE FUNCTION ruby_max(int4, int4) RETURNS int4 AS '
if args[0] > args[1]
return args[0]
else
return args[1]
end
' LANGUAGE 'plruby';</pre>
<p>Tuple arguments are given as hash. Here is an example that defines
the overpaid_2 function (as found in the older Postgres documentation)
in PL/Ruby.</p>
<pre>CREATE FUNCTION overpaid_2 (EMP) RETURNS bool AS '
args[0]["salary"] > 200000 ||
(args[0]["salary"] > 100000 && args[0]["age"] < 30)
' LANGUAGE 'plruby';</pre>
<h3><a name="label-3" id="label-3">Warning : with PostgreSQL >= 7.4 "array" are given as a ruby Array</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "Warning : with PostgreSQL >= 7.4 "array" are given as a ruby Array" -->
<p>For example to define a function (int4[], int4) and return int4[],
in version < 7.4 you write</p>
<pre>CREATE FUNCTION ruby_int4_accum(_int4, int4) RETURNS _int4 AS '
if /\\{(\\d+),(\\d+)\\}/ =~ args[0]
a, b = $1, $2
newsum = a + args[1]
newcnt = b + 1
else
raise "unexpected value #{args[0]}"
end
"{#{newsum},#{newcnt}}"
' LANGUAGE 'plruby';</pre>
<p>This must now (>= 7.4) be written</p>
<pre>CREATE FUNCTION ruby_int4_accum(_int4, int4) RETURNS _int4 AS '
a = args[0]
[a[0] + args[1], a[1] + 1]
' LANGUAGE 'plruby';</pre>
<h3><a name="label-4" id="label-4">Release PostgreSQL 8.0</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "Release PostgreSQL 8.0" -->
<p>With this version, plruby can have named arguments and the previous functions
can be written</p>
<pre>CREATE FUNCTION ruby_max(a int4, b int4) RETURNS int4 AS '
if a > b
a
else
b
end
' LANGUAGE 'plruby';
CREATE FUNCTION overpaid_2 (emp EMP) RETURNS bool AS '
emp["salary"] > 200000 ||
(emp["salary"] > 100000 && emp["age"] < 30)
' LANGUAGE 'plruby';</pre>
<p>With this version, you can also use transaction. For example</p>
<pre>plruby_test=# create table tu (a int, b int);
CREATE TABLE
plruby_test=# create or replace function tt(abort bool) returns bool as '
plruby_test'# transaction do |txn|
plruby_test'# PL.exec("insert into tu values (1, 2)")
plruby_test'# transaction do |txn1|
plruby_test'# PL.exec("insert into tu values (3, 4)")
plruby_test'# txn1.abort
plruby_test'# end
plruby_test'# PL.exec("insert into tu values (5, 6)")
plruby_test'# txn.abort if abort
plruby_test'# end
plruby_test'# abort
plruby_test'# ' language 'plruby';
CREATE FUNCTION
plruby_test=#
plruby_test=# select tt(true);
tt
----
t
(1 row)
plruby_test=# select * from tu;
a | b
---+---
(0 rows)
plruby_test=# select tt(false);
tt
----
f
(1 row)
plruby_test=# select * from tu;
a | b
---+---
1 | 2
5 | 6
(2 rows)
plruby_test=# </pre>
<h2><a name="label-5" id="label-5">Function returning SET (SFRM Materialize)</a></h2><!-- RDLabel: "Function returning SET (SFRM Materialize)" -->
<p>The return type must be declared as SETOF</p>
<p>The function must call <kbd>yield</kbd> to return rows or return a String which
must be a valid SELECT statement</p>
<p>For example to concatenate 2 rows create the function</p>
<pre>plruby_test=# CREATE FUNCTION tu(varchar) RETURNS setof record
plruby_test-# AS '
plruby_test'# size = PL.column_name(args[0]).size
plruby_test'# res = nil
plruby_test'# PL::Plan.new("select * from #{args[0]}",
plruby_test'# "block" => 50).each do |row|
plruby_test'# if res.nil?
plruby_test'# res = row.values
plruby_test'# else
plruby_test'# res.concat row.values
plruby_test'# yield res
plruby_test'# res = nil
plruby_test'# end
plruby_test'# end
plruby_test'# if res
plruby_test'# res.concat Array.new(size)
plruby_test'# yield res
plruby_test'# end
plruby_test'# ' language 'plruby';
CREATE FUNCTION
plruby_test=#
plruby_test=# select * from tt;
a | b
---+----
1 | 2
3 | 4
5 | 6
7 | 8
9 | 10
(5 rows)
plruby_test=# select * from tu('tt') as tbl(a int, b int, c int, d int);
a | b | c | d
---+----+---+---
1 | 2 | 3 | 4
5 | 6 | 7 | 8
9 | 10 | |
(3 rows)
plruby_test=# </pre>
<h2><a name="label-6" id="label-6">Function returning SET (ExprMultiResult)</a></h2><!-- RDLabel: "Function returning SET (ExprMultiResult)" -->
<p>The return type must be declared as SETOF</p>
<p>The function is called until it returns nil</p>
<p>The method PL#context and PL#context= give the possibility to store information
between the call</p>
<p>For example</p>
<pre>plruby_test=# create or replace function vv(int) returns setof int as '
plruby_test'# i = PL.context || 0
plruby_test'# if i >= args[0]
plruby_test'# nil
plruby_test'# else
plruby_test'# PL.context = i + 1
plruby_test'# end
plruby_test'# ' language plruby;
CREATE FUNCTION
plruby_test=#
plruby_test=# select * from uu;
b
---
2
(1 row)
plruby_test=#
plruby_test=# select *,vv(3) from uu;
b | vv
---+----
2 | 1
2 | 2
2 | 3
(3 rows)
plruby_test=# </pre>
<h2><a name="label-7" id="label-7">Trigger procedures in PL Ruby</a></h2><!-- RDLabel: "Trigger procedures in PL Ruby" -->
<p>Trigger procedures are defined in Postgres as functions without
arguments and a return type of trigger. In PL/Ruby the procedure is
called with 4 arguments :</p>
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-8" id="label-8">new (hash, tainted)</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "new (hash, tainted)" -->
<dd>
an hash containing the values of the new table row on INSERT/UPDATE
actions, or empty on DELETE.
</dd>
<dt><a name="label-9" id="label-9">old (hash, tainted)</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "old (hash, tainted)" -->
<dd>
an hash containing the values of the old table row on UPDATE/DELETE
actions, or empty on INSERT
</dd>
<dt><a name="label-10" id="label-10">args (array, tainted, frozen)</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "args (array, tainted, frozen)" -->
<dd>
An array of the arguments to the procedure as given in the CREATE
TRIGGER statement
</dd>
<dt><a name="label-11" id="label-11">tg (hash, tainted, frozen)</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "tg (hash, tainted, frozen)" -->
<dd>
The following keys are defined
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-12" id="label-12">name</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "name" -->
<dd>
The name of the trigger from the CREATE TRIGGER statement.
</dd>
<dt><a name="label-13" id="label-13">relname</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "relname" -->
<dd>
The name of the relation who has fired the trigger
</dd>
<dt><a name="label-14" id="label-14">relid</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "relid" -->
<dd>
The object ID of the table that caused the trigger procedure to be invoked.
</dd>
<dt><a name="label-15" id="label-15">relatts</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "relatts" -->
<dd>
An array containing the name of the tables field.
</dd>
<dt><a name="label-16" id="label-16">when</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "when" -->
<dd>
The constant <kbd>PL::BEFORE</kbd>, <kbd>PL::AFTER</kbd> or
<kbd>PL::UNKNOWN</kbd> depending on the event of the trigger call.
</dd>
<dt><a name="label-17" id="label-17">level</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "level" -->
<dd>
The constant <kbd>PL::ROW</kbd> or <kbd>PL::STATEMENT</kbd>
depending on the event of the trigger call.
</dd>
<dt><a name="label-18" id="label-18">op</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "op" -->
<dd>
The constant <kbd>PL::INSERT</kbd>, <kbd>PL::UPDATE</kbd> or
<kbd>PL::DELETE</kbd> depending on the event of the trigger call.
</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The return value from a trigger procedure is one of the constant
<kbd>PL::OK</kbd> or <kbd>PL::SKIP</kbd>, or an hash. If the
return value is <kbd>PL::OK</kbd>, the normal operation
(INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE) that fired this trigger will take
place. Obviously, <kbd>PL::SKIP</kbd> tells the trigger manager to
silently suppress the operation. The hash tells
PL/Ruby to return a modified row to the trigger manager that will be
inserted instead of the one given in <kbd>new</kbd> (INSERT/UPDATE
only). Needless to say that all this is only meaningful when the
trigger is BEFORE and FOR EACH ROW.</p>
<p>Here's a little example trigger procedure that forces an integer
value in a table to keep track of the # of updates that are performed
on the row. For new row's inserted, the value is initialized to 0 and
then incremented on every update operation :</p>
<pre>CREATE FUNCTION trigfunc_modcount() RETURNS TRIGGER AS '
case tg["op"]
when PL::INSERT
new[args[0]] = 0
when PL::UPDATE
new[args[0]] = old[args[0]] + 1
else
return PL::OK
end
new
' LANGUAGE 'plruby';
CREATE TABLE mytab (num int4, modcnt int4, descr text);
CREATE TRIGGER trig_mytab_modcount BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON mytab
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigfunc_modcount('modcnt');</pre>
<p>A more complex example (extract from test_setup.sql in the distribution)
which use the global variable <kbd>$Plans</kbd> to store a prepared
plan</p>
<pre>create function trig_pkey2_after() returns trigger as '
if ! $Plans.key?("plan_dta2_upd")
$Plans["plan_dta2_upd"] =
PL::Plan.new("update T_dta2
set ref1 = $3, ref2 = $4
where ref1 = $1 and ref2 = $2",
["int4", "varchar", "int4", "varchar" ]).save
$Plans["plan_dta2_del"] =
PL::Plan.new("delete from T_dta2
where ref1 = $1 and ref2 = $2",
["int4", "varchar"]).save
end
old_ref_follow = false
old_ref_delete = false
case tg["op"]
when PL::UPDATE
new["key2"] = new["key2"].upcase
old_ref_follow = (new["key1"] != old["key1"]) ||
(new["key2"] != old["key2"])
when PL::DELETE
old_ref_delete = true
end
if old_ref_follow
n = $Plans["plan_dta2_upd"].exec([old["key1"], old["key2"], new["key1"],
new["key2"]])
warn "updated #{n} entries in T_dta2 for new key in T_pkey2" if n != 0
end
if old_ref_delete
n = $Plans["plan_dta2_del"].exec([old["key1"], old["key2"]])
warn "deleted #{n} entries from T_dta2" if n != 0
end
PL::OK
' language 'plruby';
create trigger pkey2_after after update or delete on T_pkey2
for each row execute procedure
trig_pkey2_after();</pre>
<h2><a name="label-19" id="label-19">plruby_singleton_methods</a></h2><!-- RDLabel: "plruby_singleton_methods" -->
<p>Sometime it can be usefull to define methods (in pure Ruby) which can be
called from a PL/Ruby function or a PL/Ruby trigger.</p>
<p>In this case, you have 2 possibilities</p>
<ul>
<li>the "stupid" way <code>:-) :-) :-)</code></li>
</ul>
<p>just close the current definition of the function (or trigger) with a
<code>end</code> and define your singleton method without the final <code>end</code></p>
<p>Here a small and useless example</p>
<pre>plruby_test=# CREATE FUNCTION tutu() RETURNS int4 AS '
plruby_test'# toto(1, 3) + toto(4, 4)
plruby_test'# end
plruby_test'#
plruby_test'# def PLtemp.toto(a, b)
plruby_test'# a + b
plruby_test'# ' LANGUAGE 'plruby';
CREATE
plruby_test=# select tutu();
tutu
----
12
(1 row)
plruby_test=#</pre>
<ul>
<li>create a table plruby_singleton_methods with the columns (name, args, body)</li>
</ul>
<p>At load time, PL/Ruby look if it exist a table plruby_singleton_methods and if
found try, for each row, to define singleton methods with the template :</p>
<pre>def PLtemp.#{name} (#{args})
#{body}
end</pre>
<p>The previous example can be written (you have a more complete example in
test/plp/test_setup.sql)</p>
<pre>plruby_test=# SELECT * FROM plruby_singleton_methods;
name|args|body
----+----+-----
toto|a, b|a + b
(1 row)
plruby_test=# CREATE FUNCTION tutu() RETURNS int4 AS '
plruby_test'# toto(1, 3) + toto(4, 4)
plruby_test'# ' LANGUAGE 'plruby';
CREATE
plruby_test=# select tutu();
tutu
----
12
(1 row)
plruby_test=#</pre>
<ul>
<li><p>Another example, if PLRuby was compiled with --enable-conversion and it
exist a column with the name '***' then it can create a singleton method
from a PLRuby function</p>
<pre>plruby_test=# select * from plruby_singleton_methods;
name | args | body
------+------+------
*** | |
(1 row)
plruby_test=# create function add_value(int, int) returns int as '
plruby_test'# args[0] + args[1]
plruby_test'# ' language 'plruby';
CREATE FUNCTION
plruby_test=#
plruby_test=# select add_value(10, 2);
add_value
-----------
12
(1 row)
plruby_test=#
plruby_test=# create function add_one(int) returns int as '
plruby_test'# add_value(args[0], 1)
plruby_test'# ' language 'plruby';
CREATE FUNCTION
plruby_test=#
plruby_test=# select add_one(11);
add_one
---------
12
(1 row)
plruby_test=# </pre></li>
</ul>
<h2><a name="label-20" id="label-20">Conversion</a></h2><!-- RDLabel: "Conversion" -->
<p>If the conversions was not disabled (--disable-conversion), the following
conversions are made</p>
<pre>PostgreSQL Ruby
---------- ----
OID Fixnum
INT2OID Fixnum
INT4OID Fixnum
INT8OID Fixnum (or Bignum)
FLOAT4OID Float
FLOAT8OID Float
CASHOID Float
NUMERICOID Float
BOOLOID true, false
ABSTIMEOID Time
RELTIMEOID Time
TIMEOID Time
TIMETZOID Time
TIMESTAMPOID Time
TIMESTAMPTZOID Time
DATEOID Time
INTERVALOID Time
TINTERVALOID Tinterval (new Ruby class)
BITOID BitString (new Ruby class)
VARBITOID BitString (new Ruby class)
INETOID NetAddr (new Ruby class)
CIDROID NetAddr (new Ruby class)
MACADDROID MacAddr (new Ruby class)
POINTOID Point (new Ruby class)
LSEGOID Segment (new Ruby class)
BOXOID Box (new Ruby class)
PATHOID Path (new Ruby class)
POLYGONOID Polygon (new Ruby class)
CIRCLEOID Circle (new Ruby class)</pre>
<p>all others OID are converted to a String object</p>
<h2><a name="label-21" id="label-21">Class and modules</a></h2><!-- RDLabel: "Class and modules" -->
<h3><a name="label-22" id="label-22">Global</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "Global" -->
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-23" id="label-23"><code>transaction {|<var>txn</var>| }</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "transaction" -->
<dd>
create a new transaction, yield an object <kbd>PL::Transaction</kbd></dd>
<dt><a name="label-24" id="label-24"><code>warn [<var>level</var>], <var>message</var></code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "warn [level], message" -->
<dd>
<p>Ruby interface to PostgreSQL elog()</p>
<p>Possible value for <kbd>level</kbd> are <kbd>NOTICE</kbd>, <kbd>DEBUG</kbd> and <kbd>NOIND</kbd></p>
<p>Use <kbd>raise()</kbd> if you want to simulate <kbd>elog(ERROR, "...")</kbd></p></dd>
<dt><a name="label-25" id="label-25"><code>$Plans (<var>hash</var>, <var>tainted</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "$Plans" -->
<dd>
can be used to store prepared plans.</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="label-26" id="label-26">module PL</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "module PL" -->
<pre>general module</pre>
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-27" id="label-27"><code>args_type</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "args_type" -->
<dd>
Return the type of the arguments given to the function</dd>
<dt><a name="label-28" id="label-28"><code>column_name(<var>table</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "column_name" -->
<dd>
Return the name of the columns for the table</dd>
<dt><a name="label-29" id="label-29"><code>column_type(<var>table</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "column_type" -->
<dd>
return the type of the columns for the table</dd>
<dt><a name="label-30" id="label-30"><code>context</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "context" -->
<dd>
Return the context (or nil) associated with a SETOF function
(ExprMultiResult)</dd>
<dt><a name="label-31" id="label-31"><code>context=</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "context=" -->
<dd>
Set the context for a SETOF function (ExprMultiResult)</dd>
<dt><a name="label-32" id="label-32"><code>quote(<var>string</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "quote" -->
<dd>
Duplicates all occurences of single quote and backslash
characters. It should be used when variables are used in the query
string given to spi_exec or spi_prepare (not for the value list on
execp).</dd>
<dt><a name="label-33" id="label-33"><code>result_name</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "result_name" -->
<dd>
Return the name of the columns for a function returning a SETOF</dd>
<dt><a name="label-34" id="label-34"><code>result_type</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "result_type" -->
<dd>
Return the type of the columns for a function returning a SETOF
or the type of the return value</dd>
<dt><a name="label-35" id="label-35"><code>result_size</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "result_size" -->
<dd>
Return the number of columns for a function returning a SETOF</dd>
<dt><a name="label-36" id="label-36"><code>result_description</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "result_description" -->
<dd>
Return the table description given to a function returning a SETOF</dd>
<dt><a name="label-37" id="label-37"><code>exec(<var>string</var> [, <var>count</var> [, <var>type</var>]])</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "exec" -->
<dt><a name="label-38" id="label-38"><code>spi_exec(<var>string</var> [, <var>count</var> [, <var>type</var>]])</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "spi_exec" -->
<dd>
Call parser/planner/optimizer/executor for query. The optional
<kbd>count</kbd> value tells spi_exec the maximum number of rows to be
processed by the query.
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-39" id="label-39">SELECT</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "SELECT" -->
<dd>
<p>If the query is a SELECT statement, an array is return (if count is
not specified or with a value > 1). Each element of this array is an
hash where the key is the column name.</p>
<p>If type is specified it can take the value</p>
<ul>
<li>"array" return for each column an array with the element
["name", "value", "type", "len", "typeid"]</li>
<li>"hash" return for each column an hash with the keys
{"name", "value", "type", "len", "typeid"}</li>
<li>"value" return all values</li>
</ul>
<p>For example this procedure display all rows in the table pg_table.</p>
<pre>CREATE FUNCTION pg_table_dis() RETURNS int4 AS '
res = PLruby.exec("select * from pg_class")
res.each do |x|
warn "======================"
x.each do |y, z|
warn "name = #{y} -- value = #{z}"
end
warn "======================"
end
return res.size
' LANGUAGE 'plruby';</pre>
<p>A block can be specified, in this case a call to yield() will be
made.</p>
<p>If count is specified with the value 1, only the first row (or
FALSE if it fail) is returned as a hash. Here a little example :</p>
<pre>CREATE FUNCTION pg_table_dis() RETURNS int4 AS '
PL.exec("select * from pg_class", 1) { |y, z|
warn "name = #{y} -- value = #{z}"
}
return 1
' LANGUAGE 'plruby';</pre>
<p>Another example with count = 1</p>
<pre>create table T_pkey1 (
skey1 int4,
skey2 varchar(20),
stxt varchar(40)
);
create function toto() returns bool as '
warn("=======")
PL.exec("select * from T_pkey1", 1, "hash") do |a|
warn(a.inspect)
end
warn("=======")
PL.exec("select * from T_pkey1", 1, "array") do |a|
warn(a.inspect)
end
warn("=======")
PL.exec("select * from T_pkey1", 1) do |a|
warn(a.inspect)
end
warn("=======")
return true
' language 'plruby';
plruby_test=# select toto();
NOTICE: =======
NOTICE: {"name"=>"skey1", "typeid"=>23, "type"=>"int4", "value"=>"12", "len"=>4}
NOTICE: {"name"=>"skey2", "typeid"=>1043, "type"=>"varchar", "value"=>"a", "len"=>20}
NOTICE: {"name"=>"stxt", "typeid"=>1043, "type"=>"varchar", "value"=>"b", "len"=>40}
NOTICE: =======
NOTICE: ["skey1", "12", "int4", 4, 23]
NOTICE: ["skey2", "a", "varchar", 20, 1043]
NOTICE: ["stxt", "b", "varchar", 40, 1043]
NOTICE: =======
NOTICE: ["skey1", "12"]
NOTICE: ["skey2", "a"]
NOTICE: ["stxt", "b"]
NOTICE: =======
toto
------
t
(1 row)
plruby_test=# </pre>
</dd>
<dt><a name="label-40" id="label-40">SELECT INTO, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "SELECT INTO, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE" -->
<dd>
return the number of rows insered, updated, deleted, ...
</dd>
<dt><a name="label-41" id="label-41">UTILITY</a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "UTILITY" -->
<dd>
return TRUE
</dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><a name="label-42" id="label-42"><code>prepare(<var>string</var>[, <var>types</var>])</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "prepare" -->
<dt><a name="label-43" id="label-43"><code>spi_prepare(<var>string</var>[, <var>types</var>])</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "spi_prepare" -->
<dt><a name="label-44" id="label-44"><code>prepare(<var>string</var>, "<var>types</var>" => <var>types</var>, "<var>count</var>" => <var>count</var>, "<var>output</var>" => <var>type</var>, "<var>tmp</var>" => <var>true</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "prepare" -->
<dd>
<p>Deprecated : See <kbd>PL::Plan::new</kbd> and <kbd>PL::Plan#save</kbd></p>
<p>Prepares AND SAVES a query plan for later execution. It is a bit
different from the C level SPI_prepare in that the plan is
automatically copied to the toplevel memory context.</p>
<p>If the query references arguments, the type names must be given as a
Ruby array of strings. The return value from prepare is a
<kbd>PL::Plan</kbd> object to be used in subsequent calls to
<kbd>PL::Plan#exec</kbd>.</p>
<p>If the hash given has the keys <kbd>count</kbd>, <kbd>output</kbd> these values
will be given to the subsequent calls to <kbd>each</kbd></p></dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="label-45" id="label-45">class PL::Plan</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "class PL::Plan" -->
<pre>class for prepared plan</pre>
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-46" id="label-46"><code>initialize(<var>string</var>, "<var>types</var>" => <var>types</var>, "<var>count</var>" => <var>count</var>, "<var>output</var>" => <var>type</var>, "<var>save</var>" => <var>false</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "initialize" -->
<dd>
<p>Prepares a query plan for later execution.</p>
<p>If the query references arguments, the type names must be given as a
Ruby array of strings.</p>
<p>If the hash given has the keys <kbd>output</kbd>, <kbd>count</kbd> these values
will be given to the subsequent calls to <kbd>each</kbd></p>
<p>If <kbd>"save"</kbd> as a true value, the plan will be saved </p></dd>
<dt><a name="label-47" id="label-47"><code>exec(<var>values</var>, [<var>count</var> [, <var>type</var>]])</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "exec" -->
<dt><a name="label-48" id="label-48"><code>execp(<var>values</var>, [<var>count</var> [, <var>type</var>]])</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "execp" -->
<dt><a name="label-49" id="label-49"><code>exec("<var>values</var>" => <var>values</var>, "<var>count</var>" => <var>count</var>, "<var>output</var>" => <var>type</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "exec" -->
<dt><a name="label-50" id="label-50"><code>execp("<var>values</var>" => <var>values</var>, "<var>count</var>" => <var>count</var>, "<var>output</var>" => <var>type</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "execp" -->
<dd>
<p>Execute a prepared plan from <kbd>PL::PLan::new</kbd> with variable
substitution. The optional <kbd>count</kbd> value tells
<kbd>PL::Plan#exec</kbd> the maximum number of rows to be processed by the
query.</p>
<p>If there was a typelist given to <kbd>PL::Plan::new</kbd>, an array
of <kbd>values</kbd> of exactly the same length must be given to
<kbd>PL::Plan#exec</kbd> as first argument. If the type list on
<kbd>PL::Plan::new</kbd> was empty, this argument must be omitted.</p>
<p>If the query is a SELECT statement, the same as described for
<kbd>PL#exec</kbd> happens for the loop-body and the variables for
the fields selected.</p>
<p>If type is specified it can take the values</p>
<ul>
<li>"array" return an array with the element ["name", "value", "type", "len", "typeid"]</li>
<li>"hash" return an hash with the keys {"name", "value", "type", "len", "typeid"}</li>
<li>"value" return an array with all values</li>
</ul>
<p>Here's an example for a PL/Ruby function using a prepared plan : </p>
<pre>CREATE FUNCTION t1_count(int4, int4) RETURNS int4 AS '
if ! $Plans.key?("plan")
# prepare the saved plan on the first call
$Plans["plan"] = PL::Plan.new("SELECT count(*) AS cnt FROM t1
WHERE num >= $1 AND num <= $2",
["int4", "int4"]).save
end
n = $Plans["plan"].exec([args[0], args[1]], 1)
n["cnt"]
' LANGUAGE 'plruby';</pre></dd>
<dt><a name="label-51" id="label-51"><code>cursor(<var>name</var> = <var>nil</var>, "<var>values</var>" => <var>values</var>, "<var>output</var>" => <var>type</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "cursor" -->
<dd>
<p>Create a new object PL::Cursor</p>
<p>If output is specified it can take the values</p>
<ul>
<li>"array" return an array with the element ["name", "value", "type", "len", "typeid"]</li>
<li>"hash" return an hash with the keys {"name", "value", "type", "len", "typeid"}</li>
<li>"value" return an array with all values</li>
</ul>
<p>If there was a typelist given to <kbd>PL::Plan::new</kbd>, an array
of <kbd>values</kbd> of exactly the same length must be given to
<kbd>PL::Plan#cursor</kbd></p></dd>
<dt><a name="label-52" id="label-52"><code>each(<var>values</var>, [<var>count</var> [, <var>type</var> ]]) { ... }</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "each" -->
<dt><a name="label-53" id="label-53"><code>fetch(<var>values</var>, [<var>count</var> [, <var>type</var> ]]) { ... }</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "fetch" -->
<dt><a name="label-54" id="label-54"><code>each("<var>values</var>" => <var>values</var>, "<var>count</var>" => <var>count</var>, "<var>output</var>" => <var>type</var>) { ... }</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "each" -->
<dt><a name="label-55" id="label-55"><code>fetch("<var>values</var>" => <var>values</var>, "<var>count</var>" => <var>count</var>, "<var>output</var>" => <var>type</var>) { ... }</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "fetch" -->
<dd>
<p>Same then #exec but a call to SPI_cursor_open(), SPI_cursor_fetch() is made.</p>
<p>Can be used only with a block and a SELECT statement</p>
<pre>create function toto() returns bool as '
plan = PL::Plan.new("select * from T_pkey1")
warn "=====> ALL"
plan.each do |x|
warn(x.inspect)
end
warn "=====> FIRST 2"
plan.each("count" => 2) do |x|
warn(x.inspect)
end
return true
' language 'plruby';
plruby_test=# select * from T_pkey1;
skey1 | skey2 | stxt
-------+-------+------
12 | a | b
24 | c | d
36 | e | f
(3 rows)
plruby_test=#
plruby_test=# select toto();
NOTICE: =====> ALL
NOTICE: {"skey1"=>"12", "skey2"=>"a", "stxt"=>"b"}
NOTICE: {"skey1"=>"24", "skey2"=>"c", "stxt"=>"d"}
NOTICE: {"skey1"=>"36", "skey2"=>"e", "stxt"=>"f"}
NOTICE: =====> FIRST 2
NOTICE: {"skey1"=>"12", "skey2"=>"a", "stxt"=>"b"}
NOTICE: {"skey1"=>"24", "skey2"=>"c", "stxt"=>"d"}
toto
------
t
(1 row)
plruby_test=# </pre></dd>
<dt><a name="label-56" id="label-56"><code>release</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "release" -->
<dd>
Release a query plan</dd>
<dt><a name="label-57" id="label-57"><code>save</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "save" -->
<dd>
Save a query plan for later execution. The plan is copied to the
toplevel memory context.</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="label-58" id="label-58">class PL::Cursor</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "class PL::Cursor" -->
<pre>A cursor is created with the method PL::Plan#cursor</pre>
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-59" id="label-59"><code>close</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "close" -->
<dd>
Closes a cursor</dd>
<dt><a name="label-60" id="label-60"><code>each {|<var>row</var>| ... }</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "each" -->
<dd>
Iterate over all rows (forward)</dd>
<dt><a name="label-61" id="label-61"><code>fetch(<var>count</var> = <var>1</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "fetch" -->
<dt><a name="label-62" id="label-62"><code>row(<var>count</var> = <var>1</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "row" -->
<dd>
<p>Fetches some rows from a cursor</p>
<p>if count > 0 fetch forward else backward</p></dd>
<dt><a name="label-63" id="label-63"><code>move(<var>count</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "move" -->
<dd>
Move a cursor : if count > 0 move forward else backward</dd>
<dt><a name="label-64" id="label-64"><code>reverse_each {|<var>row</var>| ... }</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "reverse_each" -->
<dd>
Iterate over all rows (backward)</dd>
<dt><a name="label-65" id="label-65"><code>rewind</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "rewind" -->
<dd>
Positions the cursor at the beginning of the table</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="label-66" id="label-66">class PL::Transaction</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "class PL::Transaction" -->
<p>a transaction is created with the global function <kbd>transaction()</kbd>. Only
available with PostgreSQL >= 8.0</p>
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-67" id="label-67"><code>abort</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "abort" -->
<dd>
Abort the transaction</dd>
<dt><a name="label-68" id="label-68"><code>commit</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "commit" -->
<dd>
Commit the transaction</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="label-69" id="label-69">class BitString</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "class BitString" -->
<p>The class BitString implement the PostgreSQL type <var>bit</var>
and <var>bit varying</var></p>
<p>The modules Comparable and Enumerable are included</p>
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-70" id="label-70"><code>from_string(<var>string</var>, <var>length</var> = <var>strlen</var>(<var>string</var>))</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "from_string" -->
<dd>
Convert a <var>String</var> to a <var>BitString</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-71" id="label-71"><code><=>(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "<=>" -->
<dd>
<p>comparison function for 2 <var>BitString</var> objects</p>
<p>All bits are considered and additional zero bits may make one string
smaller/larger than the other, even if their zero-padded values would
be the same.</p></dd>
<dt><a name="label-72" id="label-72"><code>+(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "+" -->
<dd>
Concatenate <var>self</var> and <var>other</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-73" id="label-73"><code>&(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "&" -->
<dd>
AND operator</dd>
<dt><a name="label-74" id="label-74"><code>|(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "|" -->
<dd>
OR operator</dd>
<dt><a name="label-75" id="label-75"><code>^(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "^" -->
<dd>
XOR operator</dd>
<dt><a name="label-76" id="label-76"><code>~</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "~" -->
<dd>
NOT operator</dd>
<dt><a name="label-77" id="label-77"><code><<(<var>lshft</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "<<" -->
<dd>
LEFT SHIFT operator</dd>
<dt><a name="label-78" id="label-78"><code>>>(<var>rshft</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: ">>" -->
<dd>
RIGHT SHIFT operator</dd>
<dt><a name="label-79" id="label-79"><code>[*<var>args</var>]</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "[]" -->
<dd>
<p>Element reference with the same syntax that for a <var>String</var> object</p>
<p>Return a <var>BitString</var> or a <var>Fixnum</var> 0, 1</p>
<pre>bitstring[fixnum]
bitstring[fixnum, fixnum]
bitstring[range]
bitstring[regexp]
bitstring[regexp, fixnum]
bitstring[string]
bitstring[other_bitstring]</pre></dd>
<dt><a name="label-80" id="label-80"><code>[*<var>args</var>] = <var>val</var></code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "[]=" -->
<dd>
<p>Element assignment with the same syntax that for a <var>String</var> object</p>
<pre>bitstring[fixnum] = fixnum
bitstring[fixnum] = string_or_bitstring
bitstring[fixnum, fixnum] = string_or_bitstring
bitstring[range] = string_or_bitstring
bitstring[regexp] = string_or_bitstring
bitstring[regexp, fixnum] = string_or_bitstring
bitstring[other_str] = string_or_bitstring</pre></dd>
<dt><a name="label-81" id="label-81"><code>concat(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "concat" -->
<dd>
append <var>other</var> to <var>self</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-82" id="label-82"><code>each</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "each" -->
<dd>
iterate other each bit</dd>
<dt><a name="label-83" id="label-83"><code>include?(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "include?" -->
<dd>
return <var>true</var> if <var>other</var> is included in <var>self</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-84" id="label-84"><code>index(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "index" -->
<dd>
<p>return the position of <var>other</var> in <var>self</var></p>
<p>return <var>nil</var> if <var>other</var> is not included in <var>self</var></p></dd>
<dt><a name="label-85" id="label-85"><code>initialize(<var>init</var>, <var>nbits</var> = -<var>1</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "initialize" -->
<dd>
<p>create a new <var>BitString</var> object with <var>nbits</var> bits</p>
<p><var>init</var> can be a <var>Fixnum</var> or a <var>String</var></p>
<p>For a <var>String</var> the first character can be 'x', 'X' for and
hexadecimal representation, or 'b', 'B' for a binary representation.
The default is a binary representation</p></dd>
<dt><a name="label-86" id="label-86"><code>length</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "length" -->
<dd>
return the length of <var>self</var> in bits</dd>
<dt><a name="label-87" id="label-87"><code>octet_length</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "octet_length" -->
<dd>
return the length of <var>self</var> in octets</dd>
<dt><a name="label-88" id="label-88"><code>push(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "push" -->
<dd>
append <var>other</var> to <var>self</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-89" id="label-89"><code>to_i</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "to_i" -->
<dd>
convert <var>self</var> to a <var>Fixnum</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-90" id="label-90"><code>to_s</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "to_s" -->
<dd>
convert <var>self</var> to a <var>String</var></dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="label-91" id="label-91">class NetAddr</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "class NetAddr" -->
<p>The class NetAddr implement the PostgreSQL type <var>inet</var>
and <var>cidr</var></p>
<p>The module Comparable is included</p>
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-92" id="label-92"><code>from_string(<var>string</var>, <var>cidr</var> = <var>false</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "from_string" -->
<dd>
Convert a <var>String</var> to a <var>NetAddr</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-93" id="label-93"><code><=>(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "<=>" -->
<dd>
<p>comparison function for 2 <var>NetAddr</var> objects</p>
<p>comparison is first on the common bits of the network part, then on
the length of the network part, and then on the whole unmasked address.</p></dd>
<dt><a name="label-94" id="label-94"><code>abbrev</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "abbrev" -->
<dd>
return the abbreviated display format as a <var>String</var> object</dd>
<dt><a name="label-95" id="label-95"><code>broadcast</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "broadcast" -->
<dd>
return the broadcast address from the network</dd>
<dt><a name="label-96" id="label-96"><code>contain?(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "contain?" -->
<dd>
return true if <var>other</var> is included in <var>self</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-97" id="label-97"><code>contain_or_equal?(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "contain_or_equal?" -->
<dd>
return true if <var>other</var> is included in <var>self</var>, or equal</dd>
<dt><a name="label-98" id="label-98"><code>contained?(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "contained?" -->
<dd>
return true if <var>self</var> is included in <var>other</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-99" id="label-99"><code>contained_or_equal?(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "contained_or_equal?" -->
<dd>
return true if <var>self</var> is included in <var>other</var>, or equal</dd>
<dt><a name="label-100" id="label-100"><code>family</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "family" -->
<dd>
return the String "AF_INET" or "AF_INET6"</dd>
<dt><a name="label-101" id="label-101"><code>first</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "first" -->
<dd>
return the first address in the network</dd>
<dt><a name="label-102" id="label-102"><code>host</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "host" -->
<dd>
extract the IP address and return it as a <var>String</var> </dd>
<dt><a name="label-103" id="label-103"><code>hostmask</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "hostmask" -->
<dd>
return the host mask for network</dd>
<dt><a name="label-104" id="label-104"><code>initialize(<var>string</var>, <var>cidr</var> = <var>false</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "initialize" -->
<dd>
create a <var>NetAddr</var> from a <var>String</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-105" id="label-105"><code>last</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "last" -->
<dd>
return the last address in the network</dd>
<dt><a name="label-106" id="label-106"><code>masklen</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "masklen" -->
<dd>
return the length of the netmask</dd>
<dt><a name="label-107" id="label-107"><code>netmask</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "netmask" -->
<dd>
return the netmask for the network</dd>
<dt><a name="label-108" id="label-108"><code>network</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "network" -->
<dd>
return the network part of the address</dd>
<dt><a name="label-109" id="label-109"><code>set_masklen(<var>len</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "set_masklen" -->
<dd>
return a new <var>NetAddr</var> with netmask length <var>len</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-110" id="label-110"><code>to_s</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "to_s" -->
<dd>
return the string representation of the address</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="label-111" id="label-111">class MacAddr</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "class MacAddr" -->
<p>The MacAddr implement the PostgreSQL type <var>macaddr</var></p>
<p>The module Comparable is included</p>
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-112" id="label-112"><code>from_string(<var>string</var>, <var>cidr</var> = <var>false</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "from_string" -->
<dd>
Convert a <var>String</var> to a <var>MacAddr</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-113" id="label-113"><code><=>(<var>other</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "<=>" -->
<dd>
comparison function for 2 <var>MacAddr</var> objects</dd>
<dt><a name="label-114" id="label-114"><code>initialize(<var>string</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "initialize" -->
<dd>
create a <var>MacAddr</var> from a <var>String</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-115" id="label-115"><code>to_s</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "to_s" -->
<dd>
return the string representation of the MAC address</dd>
<dt><a name="label-116" id="label-116"><code>truncate</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "truncate" -->
<dd>
return a new object with the last 3 bytes set to zero</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="label-117" id="label-117">class Tinterval</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "class Tinterval" -->
<p>The Tinterval implement the PostgreSQL type <var>tinterval</var></p>
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-118" id="label-118"><code>from_string(<var>string</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "from_string" -->
<dd>
Convert a <var>String</var> (PostgreSQL representation)
to a <var>Tinterval</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-119" id="label-119"><code>high</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "high" -->
<dd>
return a <var>Time</var> which is the high value of the interval</dd>
<dt><a name="label-120" id="label-120"><code>high=(<var>time</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "high=" -->
<dd>
set the high value for the interval</dd>
<dt><a name="label-121" id="label-121"><code>initialize(<var>low</var>, <var>high</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "initialize" -->
<dd>
create a <var>Tinterval</var> with the 2 <var>Time</var> objects
<var>low</var> and <var>high</var></dd>
<dt><a name="label-122" id="label-122"><code>low</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "low" -->
<dd>
return a <var>Time</var> which is the low value of the interval</dd>
<dt><a name="label-123" id="label-123"><code>low=(<var>time</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "low=" -->
<dd>
set the low value for the interval</dd>
<dt><a name="label-124" id="label-124"><code>to_s</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "to_s" -->
<dd>
return the string representation of the object</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a name="label-125" id="label-125">class Box</a></h3><!-- RDLabel: "class Box" -->
<p>The Box implement the PostgreSQL type <var>box</var></p>
<p>The module Comparable is included</p>
<dl>
<dt><a name="label-126" id="label-126"><code>from_string(<var>string</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "from_string" -->
<dd>
Convert a <var>String</var> (PostgreSQL representation)
to a <var>Box</var> object</dd>
<dt><a name="label-127" id="label-127"><code>+(<var>point</var>)</code></a></dt><!-- RDLabel: "+" -->
<dd>
translate (right, up) <var>self</var></dd>