[v24.1.x] rpk: debug bundle collecting broker UUIDs

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #23614 to branch v24.1.x. Note that this issue was created as a placeholder, since the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v24.1.x
git checkout -b vbotbuildovich/backport-23614-v24.1.x-917
git cherry-pick -x b134e74b3f

git push origin vbotbuildovich/backport-23614-v24.1.x-917
gh pr create \
  --title "[v24.1.x] rpk: debug bundle collecting broker UUIDs" \
  --base "v24.1.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "vbotbuildovich/backport-23614-v24.1.x-917" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v24.1.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/23614 "

[daisukebe]

#23818