VGG19-train.py

import os
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import seaborn as sn
import tensorflow as tf
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from tensorflow.keras.utils import to_categorical
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from tensorflow.keras.preprocessing.image import img_to_array, load_img
from tensorflow.keras.applications import EfficientNetB7, ResNet101V2, VGG19
from tensorflow.keras.applications import Xception, InceptionResNetV2
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, Flatten, BatchNormalization
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense, Dropout, InputLayer, LeakyReLU
from tensorflow.keras.layers import GlobalAveragePooling2D
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential, Model
from tensorflow.keras import optimizers
from tensorflow.keras.callbacks import ReduceLROnPlateau, EarlyStopping
from scipy.interpolate import make_interp_spline, BSpline


# Initializing the Common Variables.

input_shape=(128, 128, 3)
batch_size = 32
epochs = 10
epoch_list = list(range(1, epochs+1))

# Path to training & testing set.
train_dir = './Datasets/filtered-dataset-full/training'
test_dir = './Datasets/filtered-dataset-full/testing'

train_dir_fake, test_dir_fake = os.path.join(train_dir, 'fake'), os.path.join(test_dir, 'fake')
train_dir_real, test_dir_real = os.path.join(train_dir, 'real'), os.path.join(test_dir, 'real')

train_fake_fnames, test_fake_fnames = os.listdir(train_dir_fake), os.listdir(test_dir_fake)
train_real_fnames, test_real_fnames = os.listdir(train_dir_real), os.listdir(test_dir_real)

# Training Data Generator.
train_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255.)

# Testing Data Generator.
test_datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1./255.)

# Flow training images in batches of 64 using train_datagen generator
train_generator = train_datagen.flow_from_directory(train_dir,
                                                    target_size=(128, 128),
                                                    batch_size=batch_size,
                                                    class_mode='binary')

# Flow test images in batches of 64 using test_datagen generator
test_generator = test_datagen.flow_from_directory(test_dir,
                                                  target_size=(128, 128),
                                                  batch_size=batch_size,
                                                  class_mode='binary')


base_model = VGG19(input_shape = (128, 128, 3), include_top = False, weights = 'imagenet')

for layer in base_model.layers:
    layer.trainable = True
    
# Flatten the output layer to 1 dimension
x = Flatten()(base_model.output)

# Add a fully connected layer with 512 hidden units and ReLU activation
x = Dense(512, activation='relu')(x)

# Add a dropout rate of 0.5
x = Dropout(0.5)(x)

# Add a final sigmoid layer for classification
x = Dense(1, activation='sigmoid')(x)

model = tf.keras.models.Model(base_model.input, x)

model.compile(optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(lr=1e-5), loss = 'binary_crossentropy', metrics = ['accuracy'])


# Early Stopping mechanism to stop training if the loss rate is unchanged for certain epochs.
reduce = ReduceLROnPlateau(monitor='val_loss', factor=0.1, patience=5, mode='auto')
early_stopping = EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', min_delta=1e-4, patience=5, verbose=0, mode='auto')

history = model.fit(train_generator,
                    epochs=epochs,
                    validation_data=test_generator)


network_name = "VGG-19"

try:
    os.mkdir("./Reference_Data")
    os.mkdir("./Reference_Data/Graphs")
    os.mkdir("./Reference_Data/Summary")
    os.mkdir("./Reference_Data/Model")
except OSError:
    pass

try:
    os.mkdir(os.path.join("./Reference_Data/Graphs", network_name))
except OSError:
    pass

#define x as 200 equally spaced values between the min and max of original x 
acc = np.linspace(min(epoch_list), max(epoch_list), 200) 
val_acc = np.linspace(min(epoch_list), max(epoch_list), 200) 

#define spline for accuracy
spl1 = make_interp_spline(epoch_list, history.history['accuracy'], k=3)
y_smooth1 = spl1(acc)
#define spline validation accuracy
spl2 = make_interp_spline(epoch_list, history.history['val_accuracy'], k=3)
y_smooth2 = spl2(val_acc)

#create smooth line chart 
graph_1 = plt.subplots(1, 1)
plt.suptitle('Training & Testing Accuracy v/s Number of Epochs.', fontsize=10)
plt.plot(acc, y_smooth1, label='Train Accuracy')
plt.plot(val_acc, y_smooth2, label='Validation Accuracy')
plt.xticks(np.arange(1, epochs + 1, 1))
plt.ylabel('Accuracy Value')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.title('Accuracy')
plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.savefig(os.path.join("./Reference_Data/Graphs", network_name, "AccuracyVEpochs.png"), dpi=300,
            bbox_inches='tight')

#define x as 200 equally spaced values between the min and max of original x 
loss = np.linspace(min(epoch_list), max(epoch_list), 200) 
val_loss = np.linspace(min(epoch_list), max(epoch_list), 200) 

#define spline for loss
spl3 = make_interp_spline(epoch_list, history.history['loss'], k=3)
y_smooth3 = spl3(loss)
#define spline validation loss
spl4 = make_interp_spline(epoch_list, history.history['val_loss'], k=3)
y_smooth4 = spl4(val_loss)

#create smooth line chart 
graph_2 = plt.subplots(1, 1)
plt.suptitle('Training & Testing Loss v/s Number of Epochs.', fontsize=10)
plt.plot(loss, y_smooth3, label='Train Loss')
plt.plot(val_loss, y_smooth4, label='Validation Loss')
plt.xticks(np.arange(1, epochs + 1, 1))
plt.ylabel('Loss Value')
plt.xlabel('Epoch')
plt.title('Loss')
plt.legend(loc="best")
plt.savefig(os.path.join("./Reference_Data/Graphs", network_name, "LossVEpochs.png"), dpi=300, 
            bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()

# Saving model summary
with open("./Reference_Data/Summary/" + network_name + "summary.txt", 'w+') as f:
    model.summary(print_fn=lambda x: f.write(x + '\n'))

# Saving the Model for Inference Purpose.
model.save('./Reference_Data/Model/' + network_name + '/')
model.save('./Reference_Data/Model/' + network_name + '/' + network_name + '.h5')