To parse an HTML document:

SwiftSoup is a pure Swift library, cross-platform (macOS, iOS, tvOS, watchOS and Linux!), for working with real-world HTML. It provides a very convenient API for extracting and manipulating data, using the best of DOM, CSS, and jQuery-like methods. SwiftSoup implements the WHATWG HTML5 specification, and parses HTML to the same DOM as modern browsers do.

Scrape and parse HTML from a URL, file, or string
Find and extract data, using DOM traversal or CSS selectors
Manipulate the HTML elements, attributes, and text
Clean user-submitted content against a safe white-list, to prevent XSS attacks
Output tidy HTML SwiftSoup is designed to deal with all varieties of HTML found in the wild; from pristine and validating, to invalid tag-soup; SwiftSoup will create a sensible parse tree.

Swift

Swift 5 >=2.0.0

Swift 4.2 1.7.4

Installation

Cocoapods

SwiftSoup is available through CocoaPods. To install it, simply add the following line to your Podfile:

pod 'SwiftSoup'

Carthage

SwiftSoup is also available through Carthage. To install it, simply add the following line to your Cartfile:

github "scinfu/SwiftSoup"

Swift Package Manager

SwiftSoup is also available through Swift Package Manager. To install it, simply add the dependency to your Package.Swift file:

...
dependencies: [
    .package(url: "https://github.com/scinfu/SwiftSoup.git", from: "2.6.0"),
],
targets: [
    .target( name: "YourTarget", dependencies: ["SwiftSoup"]),
]
...

Try

Try out the simple online CSS selectors site:

SwiftSoup Test Site

Try out the example project opening Terminal and type:

pod try SwiftSoup

To parse an HTML document:

do {
   let html = "<html><head><title>First parse</title></head>"
       + "<body><p>Parsed HTML into a doc.</p></body></html>"
   let doc: Document = try SwiftSoup.parse(html)
   return try doc.text()
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print(message)
} catch {
    print("error")
}

Unclosed tags (e.g. Lorem Ipsum parses to Lorem Ipsum)
Implicit tags (e.g. a naked <td>Table data</td> is wrapped into a <table><tr><td>...)
Reliably creating the document structure (html containing a head and body, and only appropriate elements within the head)

The object model of a document

Documents consist of Elements and TextNodes
The inheritance chain is: Document extends Element extends Node.TextNode extends Node.
An Element contains a list of children Nodes, and has one parent Element. They also have provide a filtered list of child Elements only.

Extract attributes, text, and HTML from elements

Problem

After parsing a document, and finding some elements, you'll want to get at the data inside those elements.

Solution

To get the value of an attribute, use the Node.attr(_ String key) method
For the text on an element (and its combined children), use Element.text()
For HTML, use Element.html(), or Node.outerHtml() as appropriate

do {
    let html: String = "<p>An <a href='http://example.com/'><b>example</b></a> link.</p>"
    let doc: Document = try SwiftSoup.parse(html)
    let link: Element = try doc.select("a").first()!
    
    let text: String = try doc.body()!.text() // "An example link."
    let linkHref: String = try link.attr("href") // "http://example.com/"
    let linkText: String = try link.text() // "example"
    
    let linkOuterH: String = try link.outerHtml() // "<a href="http://example.com/"><b>example</b></a>"
    let linkInnerH: String = try link.html() // "<b>example</b>"
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print(message)
} catch {
    print("error")
}

Description

The methods above are the core of the element data access methods. There are additional others:

Element.id()
Element.tagName()
Element.className() and Element.hasClass(_ String className)

All of these accessor methods have corresponding setter methods to change the data.

Parse a document from a String

Problem

You have HTML in a Swift String, and you want to parse that HTML to get at its contents, or to make sure it's well formed, or to modify it. The String may have come from user input, a file, or from the web.

Solution

Use the static SwiftSoup.parse(_ html: String) method, or SwiftSoup.parse(_ html: String, _ baseUri: String).

do {
    let html = "<html><head><title>First parse</title></head>"
        + "<body><p>Parsed HTML into a doc.</p></body></html>"
    let doc: Document = try SwiftSoup.parse(html)
    return try doc.text()
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print("")
} catch {
    print("")
}

Description

The parse(_ html: String, _ baseUri: String) method parses the input HTML into a new Document. The base URI argument is used to resolve relative URLs into absolute URLs, and should be set to the URL where the document was fetched from. If that's not applicable, or if you know the HTML has a base element, you can use the parse(_ html: String) method.

As long as you pass in a non-null string, you're guaranteed to have a successful, sensible parse, with a Document containing (at least) a head and a body element.

Once you have a Document, you can get at the data using the appropriate methods in Document and its supers Element and Node.

Parsing a body fragment

Problem

You have a fragment of body HTML (e.g. div containing a couple of p tags; as opposed to a full HTML document) that you want to parse. Perhaps it was provided by a user submitting a comment, or editing the body of a page in a CMS.

Solution

Use the SwiftSoup.parseBodyFragment(_ html: String) method.

do {
    let html: String = "<div><p>Lorem ipsum.</p>"
    let doc: Document = try SwiftSoup.parseBodyFragment(html)
    let body: Element? = doc.body()
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print(message)
} catch {
    print("error")
}

Description

The parseBodyFragment method creates an empty shell document, and inserts the parsed HTML into the body element. If you used the normal SwiftSoup(_ html: String) method, you would generally get the same result, but explicitly treating the input as a body fragment ensures that any bozo HTML provided by the user is parsed into the body element.

The Document.body() method retrieves the element children of the document's body element; it is equivalent to doc.getElementsByTag("body").

Stay safe

If you are going to accept HTML input from a user, you need to be careful to avoid cross-site scripting attacks. See the documentation for the Whitelist based cleaner, and clean the input with clean(String bodyHtml, Whitelist whitelist).

Sanitize untrusted HTML (to prevent XSS)

Problem

You want to allow untrusted users to supply HTML for output on your website (e.g. as comment submission). You need to clean this HTML to avoid cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.

Solution

Use the SwiftSoup HTML Cleaner with a configuration specified by a Whitelist.

do {
    let unsafe: String = "<p><a href='http://example.com/' onclick='stealCookies()'>Link</a></p>"
    let safe: String = try SwiftSoup.clean(unsafe, Whitelist.basic())!
    // now: <p><a href="http://example.com/" rel="nofollow">Link</a></p>
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print(message)
} catch {
    print("error")
}

If you supply a whole HTML document, with a <head> tag, the clean(_: String, _: String, _: Whitelist) method will just return the cleaned body HTML. You can clean both <head> and <body> by providing a Whitelist for each tags.

do {
    let unsafe: String = """
    <html>
        <head>
            <title>Hey</title>
            <script>console.log('hi');</script>
        </head>
        <body>
            <p>Hello, world!</p>
        </body>
    </html>
    """

    var headWhitelist: Whitelist = {
        do {
            let customWhitelist = Whitelist.none()
            try customWhitelist
                .addTags("meta", "style", "title")
            return customWhitelist
        } catch {
            fatalError("Couldn't init head whitelist")
        }
    }()

    let unsafeDocument: Document = try SwiftSoup.parse(unsafe)
    let safe: String = try SwiftSoup.Cleaner(headWhitelist: headWhitelist, bodyWhitelist: .relaxed())
                            .clean(unsafeDocument)
                            .html()
    // now: <html><head><title>Hey</title></head><body><p>Hello, world!</p></body></html>
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print(message)
} catch {
    print("error")
}

Discussion

A cross-site scripting attack against your site can really ruin your day, not to mention your users'. Many sites avoid XSS attacks by not allowing HTML in user submitted content: they enforce plain text only, or use an alternative markup syntax like wiki-text or Markdown. These are seldom optimal solutions for the user, as they lower expressiveness, and force the user to learn a new syntax.

A better solution may be to use a rich text WYSIWYG editor (like CKEditor or TinyMCE). These output HTML, and allow the user to work visually. However, their validation is done on the client side: you need to apply a server-side validation to clean up the input and ensure the HTML is safe to place on your site. Otherwise, an attacker can avoid the client-side Javascript validation and inject unsafe HMTL directly into your site

The SwiftSoup whitelist sanitizer works by parsing the input HTML (in a safe, sand-boxed environment), and then iterating through the parse tree and only allowing known-safe tags and attributes (and values) through into the cleaned output.

It does not use regular expressions, which are inappropriate for this task.

SwiftSoup provides a range of Whitelist configurations to suit most requirements; they can be modified if necessary, but take care.

The cleaner is useful not only for avoiding XSS, but also in limiting the range of elements the user can provide: you may be OK with textual a, strong elements, but not structural div or table elements.

Set attribute values

Problem

You have a parsed document that you would like to update attribute values on, before saving it out to disk, or sending it on as a HTTP response.

Solution

Use the attribute setter methods Element.attr(_ key: String, _ value: String), and Elements.attr(_ key: String, _ value: String).

If you need to modify the class attribute of an element, use the Element.addClass(_ className: String) and Element.removeClass(_ className: String) methods.

The Elements collection has bulk attribute and class methods. For example, to add a rel="nofollow" attribute to every a element inside a div:

do {
    try doc.select("div.comments a").attr("rel", "nofollow")
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print(message)
} catch {
    print("error")
}

Description

Like the other methods in Element, the attr methods return the current Element (or Elements when working on a collection from a select). This allows convenient method chaining:

do {
    try doc.select("div.masthead").attr("title", "swiftsoup").addClass("round-box")
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print(message)
} catch {
    print("error")
}

Set the HTML of an element

Problem

You need to modify the HTML of an element.

Solution

Use the HTML setter methods in Element:

do {
    let doc: Document = try SwiftSoup.parse("<div>One</div><span>One</span>")
    let div: Element = try doc.select("div").first()! // <div>One</div>
    try div.html("<p>lorem ipsum</p>") // <div><p>lorem ipsum</p></div>
    try div.prepend("<p>First</p>")
    try div.append("<p>Last</p>")
    print(div)
    // now div is: <div><p>First</p><p>lorem ipsum</p><p>Last</p></div>
    
    let span: Element = try doc.select("span").first()! // <span>One</span>
    try span.wrap("<li><a href='http://example.com/'></a></li>")
    print(doc)
    // now: <html><head></head><body><div><p>First</p><p>lorem ipsum</p><p>Last</p></div><li><a href="http://example.com/"><span>One</span></a></li></body></html>
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print(message)
} catch {
    print("error")
}

Discussion

Element.html(_ html: String) clears any existing inner HTML in an element, and replaces it with parsed HTML.
Element.prepend(_ first: String) and Element.append(_ last: String) add HTML to the start or end of an element's inner HTML, respectively
Element.wrap(_ around: String) wraps HTML around the outer HTML of an element.

Setting the text content of elements

Problem

You need to modify the text content of an HTML document.

Solution

Use the text setter methods of Element:

do {
    let doc: Document = try SwiftSoup.parse("<div></div>")
    let div: Element = try doc.select("div").first()! // <div></div>
    try div.text("five > four") // <div>five &gt; four</div>
    try div.prepend("First ")
    try div.append(" Last")
    // now: <div>First five &gt; four Last</div>
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print(message)
} catch {
    print("error")
}

Discussion

The text setter methods mirror the [[HTML setter|Set the HTML of an element]] methods:

Element.text(_ text: String) clears any existing inner HTML in an element, and replaces it with the supplied text.
Element.prepend(_ first: String) and Element.append(_ last: String) add text nodes to the start or end of an element's inner HTML, respectively The text should be supplied unencoded: characters like <, > etc will be treated as literals, not HTML.

Use DOM methods to navigate a document

Problem

You have a HTML document that you want to extract data from. You know generally the structure of the HTML document.

Solution

Use the DOM-like methods available after parsing HTML into a Document.

do {
    let html: String = "<a id=1 href='?foo=bar&mid&lt=true'>One</a> <a id=2 href='?foo=bar&lt;qux&lg=1'>Two</a>"
    let els: Elements = try SwiftSoup.parse(html).select("a")
    for link: Element in els.array() {
        let linkHref: String = try link.attr("href")
        let linkText: String = try link.text()
    }
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print(message)
} catch {
    print("error")
}

Description

Elements provide a range of DOM-like methods to find elements, and extract and manipulate their data. The DOM getters are contextual: called on a parent Document they find matching elements under the document; called on a child element they find elements under that child. In this way you can window in on the data you want.

Finding elements

getElementById(_ id: String)
getElementsByTag(_ tag:String)
getElementsByClass(_ className: String)
getElementsByAttribute(_ key: String) (and related methods)
Element siblings: siblingElements(), firstElementSibling(), lastElementSibling(), nextElementSibling(), previousElementSibling()
Graph: parent(), children(), child(_ index: Int)

Element data

attr(_ key: Strin) to get and attr(_ key: String, _ value: String) to set attributes
attributes() to get all attributes
id(), className() and classNames()
text() to get and text(_ value: String) to set the text content
html() to get and html(_ value: String) to set the inner HTML content
outerHtml() to get the outer HTML value
data() to get data content (e.g. of script and style tags)
tag() and tagName()

Manipulating HTML and text

append(_ html: String), prepend(html: String)
appendText(text: String), prependText(text: String)
appendElement(tagName: String), prependElement(tagName: String)
html(_ value: String)

Use selector syntax to find elements

Problem

You want to find or manipulate elements using a CSS or jQuery-like selector syntax.

Solution

Use the Element.select(_ selector: String) and Elements.select(_ selector: String) methods:

do {
    let doc: Document = try SwiftSoup.parse("...")
    let links: Elements = try doc.select("a[href]") // a with href
    let pngs: Elements = try doc.select("img[src$=.png]")
    // img with src ending .png
    let masthead: Element? = try doc.select("div.masthead").first()
    // div with class=masthead
    let resultLinks: Elements? = try doc.select("h3.r > a") // direct a after h3
} catch Exception.Error(let type, let message) {
    print(message)
} catch {
    print("error")
}

Description

SwiftSoup elements support a CSS (or jQuery) like selector syntax to find matching elements, that allows very powerful and robust queries.

The select method is available in a Document, Element, or in Elements. It is contextual, so you can filter by selecting from a specific element, or by chaining select calls.

Select returns a list of Elements (as Elements), which provides a range of methods to extract and manipulate the results.

Selector overview

tagname: find elements by tag, e.g. a
ns|tag: find elements by tag in a namespace, e.g. fb|name finds <fb:name> elements
#id: find elements by ID, e.g. #logo
.class: find elements by class name, e.g. .masthead
[attribute]: elements with attribute, e.g. [href]
[^attr]: elements with an attribute name prefix, e.g. [^data-] finds elements with HTML5 dataset attributes
[attr=value]: elements with attribute value, e.g. [width=500] (also quotable, like [data-name='launch sequence'])
[attr^=value], [attr$=value], [attr*=value]: elements with attributes that start with, end with, or contain the value, e.g. [href*=/path/]
[attr~=regex]: elements with attribute values that match the regular expression; e.g. img[src~=(?i)\.(png|jpe?g)]
*: all elements, e.g. *

Selector combinations

el#id: elements with ID, e.g. div#logo
el.class: elements with class, e.g. div.masthead
el[attr]: elements with attribute, e.g. a[href]
Any combination, e.g. a[href].highlight
Ancestor child: child elements that descend from ancestor, e.g. .body p finds p elements anywhere under a block with class "body"
parent > child: child elements that descend directly from parent, e.g. div.content > p finds p elements; and body > * finds the direct children of the body tag
siblingA + siblingB: finds sibling B element immediately preceded by sibling A, e.g. div.head + div
siblingA ~ siblingX: finds sibling X element preceded by sibling A, e.g. h1 ~ p
el, el, el: group multiple selectors, find unique elements that match any of the selectors; e.g. div.masthead, div.logo

Pseudo selectors

:lt(n): find elements whose sibling index (i.e. its position in the DOM tree relative to its parent) is less than n; e.g. td:lt(3)
:gt(n): find elements whose sibling index is greater than n; e.g. div p:gt(2)
:eq(n): find elements whose sibling index is equal to n; e.g. form input:eq(1)
:has(selector): find elements that contain elements matching the selector; e.g. div:has(p)
:not(selector): find elements that do not match the selector; e.g. div:not(.logo)
:contains(text): find elements that contain the given text. The search is case-insensitive; e.g. p:contains(swiftsoup)
:containsOwn(text): find elements that directly contain the given text
:matches(regex): find elements whose text matches the specified regular expression; e.g. div:matches((?i)login)
:matchesOwn(regex): find elements whose own text matches the specified regular expression
Note that the above indexed pseudo-selectors are 0-based, that is, the first element is at index 0, the second at 1, etc

Examples