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netdata

Dockerfile for building and running a netdata deamon for your host instance.

Netdata monitors your server with thoughts of performance and memory usage, providing detailed insight into very recent server metrics. It's nice, and now it's also dockerized.

More info about project: https://github.com/firehol/netdata

Note: the netdata project includes telemetry. Google Analytics is used to aggregate telemetry data, with IP anonymisation turned on. There is currently no way to opt out, until such a mechanism can be provided at runtime instead of compile time. You can track the upstream issue #7404 if you have privacy concerns. GDPR explicitly allows processing for statistical purposes, without requiring opt-in in it's Article 6, and related Article 89(1). Currently, you can only opt out if you build netdata without telemetry.

More info about the original telemetry implementation in netdata is on issue #4735, and instructions / documentation, including a way to opt out of telemetry is available here: anonymous statistics docs page.

More info about me

I'm primarily a full-stack web developer with strong knowledge of Docker, APIs, AWS, PHP, Go, Nginx+LUA, SQL and NoSQL databases, Video Streaming (Wowza Media Server), and handle DevOps/automation for several large scale international clients (High traffic/HA deployments).

If you need someone with this skillset, please contact me at black@scene-si.org.

I'm also the author of the following books:

Consider buying the books to learn something new and support my open source work.

For more information, I also write a development-themed blog at scene-si.org. I occasionally tweet my pursuits (sometimes in Slovenian) on @TitPetric.

Using

Statring the container

Docker CLI

docker run -d --cap-add SYS_PTRACE \
           -v /proc:/host/proc:ro \
           -v /sys:/host/sys:ro \
           -p 19999:19999 \
           --restart unless-stopped \
           titpetric/netdata

Note: Remove the --restart unless-stopped parameter if you don't need the netdata container to start automatically on boot.

Docker Compose

Use the sample docker-compose.yml file.

Note: Remove the restart: unless-stopped option if you don't need the netdata container to start automatically on boot.

mkdir netdata && cd netdata && wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/titpetric/netdata/master/docker-compose.yml
docker-compose up -d

Accessing the data

Open a browser on http://server:19999/ and watch how your server is doing.

Supported tags and respective Dockerfile links

Check out for Docker Hub Tags page for titpetric/netdata if you need to grab an older version. There's an archive of versions going back from 1.4 to the current version.

The latest tag is in line with the upstream and is occasionally prone to failure. As far as older tags go - they will inevitably lack some new features but should provide a more stable version to run.

Developers note: new tags are not added automatically which means there might be some delay between when a new release of netdata is available and when a new tag is available on docker hub; open an issue if that happens.

Limiting IP netdata listens to

By default netdata listens to 0.0.0.0 (any address). You might want to change this if you're running netdata in --net=host mode. You can pass the following environment variable:

  • NETDATA_IP - the IP that netdata should listen to, e.g. 127.0.0.1 for localhost only.

Passing custom netdata options

If you need to pass some custom options to netdata, you can pass the following environment variable:

  • NETDATA_ARGS - for example if you don't want to use NETDATA_IP above, you can pass -e NETDATA_ARGS="-i 127.0.0.1" for same effect.

Getting emails on alarms

Netdata supports forwarding alarms to an email address. You can set up msmtp by setting the following ENV variables:

  • SMTP_TO - This is the address alarms will be delivered to.
  • SMTP_FROM - This is the address the emails will be from. Defaults to localhost.
  • SMTP_SERVER - This is your SMTP server. Defaults to smtp.gmail.com.
  • SMTP_PORT - This is the SMTP server port. Defaults to 587.
  • SMTP_USER - This is your username for the SMTP server.
  • SMTP_PASS - This is your password for the SMTP server. Use an app password if using Gmail.
  • SMTP_TLS - Use TLS for the connection. Defaults to on.
  • SMTP_STARTTLS - Use STARTTLS for the connection. Defaults to on.

For example, using gmail:

-e SMTP_TO=user@gmail.com -e SMTP_USER=user -e SMTP_PASS=password

Alternatively, if you already have s msmtp config, you can use that config with:

-v /path/to/msmtprc:/etc/msmtprc:ro

See the following link for details on setting up msmtp: MSMTP - ArchWiki

Note: email settings up to version v0.10.0 were different. You can get the old documentation is the corresponding release subfolder.

Adding custom alarms, charts and configuration overrides

To add custom alarms, charts or to override any default configuration file, mount a volume to the container to /etc/netdata/override, like -v /opt/netdata/override:/etc/netdata/override:ro. Then, place your config files in the directory as if it was /etc/netdata/.

For example to create a custom alarm for system temperature, create a health.d folder in your local directory (/opt/netdata/override in the example above) and place a sensors.conf file with your alarm configuration inside the health.d directory.

Getting alarms in Slack

Netdata supports sending alerts to slack via webhooks. You can set that up by setting the following ENV variables:

  • SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL - This is your incoming slack webhook
  • SLACK_CHANNEL - This is the default channel that alerts will get sent to

For example:

-e SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL=https://hooks.slack.com/services/XXXX -e SLACK_CHANNEL=alerts

Getting alarms in Discord

Netdata supports sending alerts to Discord via webhooks. You can set that up by setting the following ENV variables:

  • DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL - This is your incoming Discord webhook
  • DISCORD_RECIPIENT - This is the default channel that alerts will get sent to

For example:

-e DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL=https://discordapp.com/api/webhooks/XXXX -e DISCORD_RECIPIENT=alerts

Getting alarms in Telegram

Netdata supports sending alerts to Telegram via token and chat ID. You can set that up by setting the following ENV variables:

  • TELEGRAM_BOT_TOKEN - This is your bot token
  • TELEGRAM_CHAT_ID - This is the chat ID

For example:

-e TELEGRAM_BOT_TOKEN=22624413:AAGy12TkSMBYVBTe4lQt3BfUYvUs5h7I1jn -e TELEGRAM_CHAT_ID=137165138

For more details about Telegram alerts, see this page - GitHub

Getting alarms in Pushbullet

Netdata supports sending alerts to Pushbullet via API token. You can set that up by setting the following ENV variables:

  • PUSHBULLET_ACCESS_TOKEN - This is your API token
  • PUSHBULLET_DEFAULT_EMAIL - This is the default email that alerts will get sent to if there is not a Pushbullet account attached to it

For example:

-e PUSHBULLET_ACCESS_TOKEN=o.l8VuizWhXgbERf2Q78ghtzb1LDCYvbSD -e PUSHBULLET_DEFAULT_EMAIL=your.email@gmail.com

More details about Pushbullet alerts are provided here - GitHub

Setting up streaming

On a client netdata set this destination to be the HOST[:PORT] of the central netdata, and give an API_KEY that is secret and only known internally to the netdata clients, and netdata central. See this page - GitHub

  • NETDATA_STREAM_DESTINATION - HOST[:PORT] to stream to
  • NETDATA_STREAM_API_KEY - API_KEY to send to central net data
-e NETDATA_STREAM_DESTINATION=netdata.service:19999 -e NETDATA_STREAM_API_KEY=1h213ch12h3rc1289e

On the central netdata set 1 or more NETADATA_API_KEY_ENABLE env variables that matches the API_KEY that you used on the client above, this will enable the netdata client node to communicate with the netdata central

  • NETADATA_API_KEY_ENABLE_{API_KEY}=1
-e NETDATA_API_KEY_ENABLE_1h213ch12h3rc1289e=1

Monitoring docker container metrics

Netdata supports fetching container data from docker.sock. You can forward it to the netdata container with:

-v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro

This will allow netdata to resolve container names.

Note: forwarding docker.sock exposes the administrative docker API. If due to some security issue access has been obtained to the container, it will expose full docker API, allowing to stop, create or delete containers, as well as download new images in the host.

TL;DR If you care about security, consider forwarding a secure docker socket with docker-proxy-acl

Monitoring docker notes on some systems (Debian jessie)

On debian jessie only 'cpu' and 'disk' metrics show up under individual docker containers. To get the memory metric, you will have to add cgroup_enable=memory swapaccount=1 to /etc/default/grub, appending the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT variable:

$ cat /etc/default/grub  | grep GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet cgroup_enable=memory swapaccount=1"

After rebooting your linux instance, the memory accounting subsystem of the kernel will be enabled. Netdata will pick up additional metrics for the containers when it starts.

Environment variables

It's possible to pass a NETDATA_PORT environment variable with -e, to start up netdata on a different port.

docker run -e NETDATA_PORT=80 [...]

Some explanation is in order

Docker needs to run with the SYS_PTRACE capability. Without it, the mapped host/proc filesystem is not fully readable to the netdata deamon, more specifically the "apps" plugin:

16-01-12 07:58:16: ERROR: apps.plugin: Cannot process /host/proc/1/io (errno 13, Permission denied)

See the following link for more details: /proc/1/environ is unavailable in a container that is not priviledged

Limitations

In addition to the above requirements and limitations, monitoring the complete network interface list of the host is not possible from within the Docker container. If you're running netdata and want to graph all the interfaces available on the host, you will have to use --net=host mode.

See the following link for more details: network interfaces missing when mounting proc inside a container

Work-around

I provided a script called fakenet.sh which provides a copy of the /proc/net filesystem. You should start this script before you start the netdata container. You can do it like this:

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/titpetric/netdata/master/fakenet.sh
chmod a+x fakenet.sh
nohup ./fakenet.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 &

Using the above command, the fakenet script will start in the background and will keep running there. You can use other tools like screen or tmux to provide similar capability.

The script fills out the /dev/shm/fakenet location, which you must mount into the container. You must mount it into /fakenet/proc/net exactly with the option like this:

-v /dev/shm/fakenet:/fakenet/proc/net

The script refreshes network information about every 250ms (four times per second). The interval may be increased to give better accuracy of netdata, but CPU usage will also increase. Because of this, the data is not very accurate and some spikes and valleys will occur because of a shifting window between when the reading was taken (fakeproc) and between when the reading was read by netdata. This means the margin for error is whatever data can be collected in ~250ms.

While the solution might not fit everybody, it's security-positive because the netdata container can only inspect the fake proc/net location, and can't actually access any of the networks because it runs on a private LAN / custom network which is managed and firewalled by docker. You may even open access via application, like a nginx reverse proxy where you can add authentication etc.

Pro/con list:

    • network isolation stays in tact
    • all network device metrics are available
    • one more service to provide fakenet
    • accuracy vs. cpu use is a trade-off

Additional notes

Netdata provides monitoring via a plugin architecture. This plugin supports many projects that don't provide data over the /proc filesystem. When you're running netdata in the container, you will have difficulty providing many of these paths to the netdata container.

What you do get (even with the docker version) is:

  • Host CPU statististics
  • Host Network I/O, QoS
  • Host Disk I/O
  • Applications monitoring
  • Container surface metrics (cpu/disk per name)

You will not get detailed application metrics (mysql, ups, etc.) from other containers or from the host if running netdata in a container. It may be possible to get some of those metrics, but it might not be easy, and most likely not worth it. For most detailed metrics, netdata needs to share the same environment as the application server it monitors. This means it would need to run either in the same container (not even remotely practical), or in the same virtual machine (no containers).

Note: if you have some custom hardware like a UPS which is monitored via USB and netdata supports it, you will most likely need to add new software to the netdata docker image to support it. The correct way to do it is to create your own Dockerfile, start with "FROM titpetric/netdata" and then add all your installation commands to build your own image which will support your hardware setup. Most likely if it's not a very common setup (i.e. available on most machines), the software will not be added to titpetric/netdata - that being said, your use case might be useful for others so feel free to submit issues with your extensions or feature requests in terms of new software. I'll gladly add your project/extension to the README here.

Changelog

v1.10.0 -> Latest

  • Replaced sSMTP with msmtp, renamed SSMTP_* settings as SMTP_*, removed SSMTP_HOSTNAME setting, renamed SSMTP_TLS to SMTP_STARTTLS and added SMTP_TLS.