diff --git a/tests/compiler/asm/test_asm_optimizer.py b/tests/compiler/asm/test_asm_optimizer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..524b8df064
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/compiler/asm/test_asm_optimizer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from vyper.compiler.phases import CompilerData
+
+
+def test_dead_code_eliminator():
+    code = """
+s: uint256
+
+@internal
+def foo():
+    self.s = 1
+
+@internal
+def qux():
+    self.s = 2
+
+@external
+def bar():
+    self.foo()
+
+@external
+def __init__():
+    self.qux()
+    """
+
+    c = CompilerData(code, no_optimize=True)
+    initcode_asm = [i for i in c.assembly if not isinstance(i, list)]
+    runtime_asm = c.assembly_runtime
+
+    foo_label = "_sym_internal_foo___"
+    qux_label = "_sym_internal_qux___"
+
+    # all the labels should be in all the unoptimized asms
+    for s in (foo_label, qux_label):
+        assert s in initcode_asm
+        assert s in runtime_asm
+
+    c = CompilerData(code, no_optimize=False)
+    initcode_asm = [i for i in c.assembly if not isinstance(i, list)]
+    runtime_asm = c.assembly_runtime
+
+    # qux should not be in runtime code
+    for instr in runtime_asm:
+        if isinstance(instr, str):
+            assert not instr.startswith(qux_label), instr
+
+    # foo should not be in initcode asm
+    for instr in initcode_asm:
+        if isinstance(instr, str):
+            assert not instr.startswith(foo_label), instr
diff --git a/tests/functional/semantics/analysis/test_for_loop.py b/tests/functional/semantics/analysis/test_for_loop.py
index 71e38d253c..8707b4c326 100644
--- a/tests/functional/semantics/analysis/test_for_loop.py
+++ b/tests/functional/semantics/analysis/test_for_loop.py
@@ -108,14 +108,14 @@ def main():
     for j in range(3):
         x: uint256 = j
         y: uint16 = j
-    """,  # issue 3212
+    """,  # GH issue 3212
     """
 @external
 def foo():
     for i in [1]:
         a:uint256 = i
         b:uint16 = i
-    """,  # issue 3374
+    """,  # GH issue 3374
     """
 @external
 def foo():
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def foo():
         for j in [1]:
             a:uint256 = i
         b:uint16 = i
-    """,  # issue 3374
+    """,  # GH issue 3374
     """
 @external
 def foo():
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ def foo():
         for j in [1,2,3]:
             b:uint256 = j + i
         c:uint16 = i
-    """,  # issue 3374
+    """,  # GH issue 3374
 ]
 
 
diff --git a/tests/parser/features/test_comparison.py b/tests/parser/features/test_comparison.py
index 1c2f287c10..5a86ffb4b8 100644
--- a/tests/parser/features/test_comparison.py
+++ b/tests/parser/features/test_comparison.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 
 def test_3034_verbatim(get_contract):
-    # test issue #3034 exactly
+    # test GH issue 3034 exactly
     code = """
 @view
 @external
diff --git a/tests/parser/features/test_immutable.py b/tests/parser/features/test_immutable.py
index bb01b3fc07..488943f784 100644
--- a/tests/parser/features/test_immutable.py
+++ b/tests/parser/features/test_immutable.py
@@ -239,3 +239,90 @@ def get_immutable() -> uint256:
 
     c = get_contract(code, n)
     assert c.get_immutable() == n + 2
+
+
+# GH issue 3292
+def test_internal_functions_called_by_ctor_location(get_contract):
+    code = """
+d: uint256
+x: immutable(uint256)
+
+@external
+def __init__():
+    self.d = 1
+    x = 2
+    self.a()
+
+@external
+def test() -> uint256:
+    return self.d
+
+@internal
+def a():
+    self.d = x
+    """
+    c = get_contract(code)
+    assert c.test() == 2
+
+
+# GH issue 3292, extended to nested internal functions
+def test_nested_internal_function_immutables(get_contract):
+    code = """
+d: public(uint256)
+x: public(immutable(uint256))
+
+@external
+def __init__():
+    self.d = 1
+    x = 2
+    self.a()
+
+@internal
+def a():
+    self.b()
+
+@internal
+def b():
+    self.d = x
+    """
+    c = get_contract(code)
+    assert c.x() == 2
+    assert c.d() == 2
+
+
+# GH issue 3292, test immutable read from both ctor and runtime
+def test_immutable_read_ctor_and_runtime(get_contract):
+    code = """
+d: public(uint256)
+x: public(immutable(uint256))
+
+@external
+def __init__():
+    self.d = 1
+    x = 2
+    self.a()
+
+@internal
+def a():
+    self.d = x
+
+@external
+def thrash():
+    self.d += 5
+
+@external
+def fix():
+    self.a()
+    """
+    c = get_contract(code)
+    assert c.x() == 2
+    assert c.d() == 2
+
+    c.thrash(transact={})
+
+    assert c.x() == 2
+    assert c.d() == 2 + 5
+
+    c.fix(transact={})
+    assert c.x() == 2
+    assert c.d() == 2
diff --git a/tests/parser/features/test_init.py b/tests/parser/features/test_init.py
index feeabe311a..83bcbc95ea 100644
--- a/tests/parser/features/test_init.py
+++ b/tests/parser/features/test_init.py
@@ -53,3 +53,29 @@ def baz() -> uint8:
 
     n = 256
     assert_compile_failed(lambda: get_contract(code, n))
+
+
+# GH issue 3206
+def test_nested_internal_call_from_ctor(get_contract):
+    code = """
+x: uint256
+
+@external
+def __init__():
+    self.a()
+
+@internal
+def a():
+    self.x += 1
+    self.b()
+
+@internal
+def b():
+    self.x += 2
+
+@external
+def test() -> uint256:
+    return self.x
+    """
+    c = get_contract(code)
+    assert c.test() == 3
diff --git a/vyper/codegen/context.py b/vyper/codegen/context.py
index 696b81d124..34c409e16c 100644
--- a/vyper/codegen/context.py
+++ b/vyper/codegen/context.py
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ def __init__(
         forvars=None,
         constancy=Constancy.Mutable,
         sig=None,
+        is_ctor_context=False,
     ):
         # In-memory variables, in the form (name, memory location, type)
         self.vars = vars_ or {}
@@ -92,6 +93,9 @@ def __init__(
         self._internal_var_iter = 0
         self._scope_id_iter = 0
 
+        # either the constructor, or called from the constructor
+        self.is_ctor_context = is_ctor_context
+
     def is_constant(self):
         return self.constancy is Constancy.Constant or self.in_assertion or self.in_range_expr
 
diff --git a/vyper/codegen/expr.py b/vyper/codegen/expr.py
index 6da3d9501b..9ed80b86f9 100644
--- a/vyper/codegen/expr.py
+++ b/vyper/codegen/expr.py
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ def parse_Name(self):
 
             ofst = varinfo.position.offset
 
-            if self.context.sig.is_init_func:
+            if self.context.is_ctor_context:
                 mutable = True
                 location = IMMUTABLES
             else:
diff --git a/vyper/codegen/function_definitions/common.py b/vyper/codegen/function_definitions/common.py
index 6dece865fa..cd467a152e 100644
--- a/vyper/codegen/function_definitions/common.py
+++ b/vyper/codegen/function_definitions/common.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ def generate_ir_for_function(
     sigs: Dict[str, Dict[str, FunctionSignature]],  # all signatures in all namespaces
     global_ctx: GlobalContext,
     skip_nonpayable_check: bool,
+    is_ctor_context: bool = False,
 ) -> IRnode:
     """
     Parse a function and produce IR code for the function, includes:
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ def generate_ir_for_function(
         memory_allocator=memory_allocator,
         constancy=Constancy.Constant if sig.mutability in ("view", "pure") else Constancy.Mutable,
         sig=sig,
+        is_ctor_context=is_ctor_context,
     )
 
     if sig.internal:
@@ -65,13 +67,19 @@ def generate_ir_for_function(
 
     frame_size = context.memory_allocator.size_of_mem - MemoryPositions.RESERVED_MEMORY
 
-    sig.set_frame_info(FrameInfo(allocate_start, frame_size, context.vars))
+    frame_info = FrameInfo(allocate_start, frame_size, context.vars)
+
+    if sig.frame_info is None:
+        sig.set_frame_info(frame_info)
+    else:
+        assert frame_info == sig.frame_info
 
     if not sig.internal:
         # adjust gas estimate to include cost of mem expansion
         # frame_size of external function includes all private functions called
         # (note: internal functions do not need to adjust gas estimate since
         # it is already accounted for by the caller.)
+        assert sig.frame_info is not None  # mypy hint
         o.add_gas_estimate += calc_mem_gas(sig.frame_info.mem_used)
 
     sig.gas_estimate = o.gas
diff --git a/vyper/codegen/module.py b/vyper/codegen/module.py
index 71f9ed552d..bdf8c067f7 100644
--- a/vyper/codegen/module.py
+++ b/vyper/codegen/module.py
@@ -67,19 +67,21 @@ def _runtime_ir(runtime_functions, all_sigs, global_ctx):
 
     # create a map of the IR functions since they might live in both
     # runtime and deploy code (if init function calls them)
-    internal_functions_map: Dict[str, IRnode] = {}
+    internal_functions_ir: list[IRnode] = []
 
     for func_ast in internal_functions:
         func_ir = generate_ir_for_function(func_ast, all_sigs, global_ctx, False)
-        internal_functions_map[func_ast.name] = func_ir
+        internal_functions_ir.append(func_ir)
 
     # for some reason, somebody may want to deploy a contract with no
     # external functions, or more likely, a "pure data" contract which
     # contains immutables
     if len(external_functions) == 0:
-        # TODO: prune internal functions in this case?
-        runtime = ["seq"] + list(internal_functions_map.values())
-        return runtime, internal_functions_map
+        # TODO: prune internal functions in this case? dead code eliminator
+        # might not eliminate them, since internal function jumpdest is at the
+        # first instruction in the contract.
+        runtime = ["seq"] + internal_functions_ir
+        return runtime
 
     # note: if the user does not provide one, the default fallback function
     # reverts anyway. so it does not hurt to batch the payable check.
@@ -125,10 +127,10 @@ def _runtime_ir(runtime_functions, all_sigs, global_ctx):
         ["label", "fallback", ["var_list"], fallback_ir],
     ]
 
-    # TODO: prune unreachable functions?
-    runtime.extend(internal_functions_map.values())
+    # note: dead code eliminator will clean dead functions
+    runtime.extend(internal_functions_ir)
 
-    return runtime, internal_functions_map
+    return runtime
 
 
 # take a GlobalContext, which is basically
@@ -159,12 +161,15 @@ def generate_ir_for_module(global_ctx: GlobalContext) -> Tuple[IRnode, IRnode, F
     runtime_functions = [f for f in function_defs if not _is_init_func(f)]
     init_function = next((f for f in function_defs if _is_init_func(f)), None)
 
-    runtime, internal_functions = _runtime_ir(runtime_functions, all_sigs, global_ctx)
+    runtime = _runtime_ir(runtime_functions, all_sigs, global_ctx)
 
     deploy_code: List[Any] = ["seq"]
     immutables_len = global_ctx.immutable_section_bytes
     if init_function:
-        init_func_ir = generate_ir_for_function(init_function, all_sigs, global_ctx, False)
+        # TODO might be cleaner to separate this into an _init_ir helper func
+        init_func_ir = generate_ir_for_function(
+            init_function, all_sigs, global_ctx, skip_nonpayable_check=False, is_ctor_context=True
+        )
         deploy_code.append(init_func_ir)
 
         # pass the amount of memory allocated for the init function
@@ -174,8 +179,13 @@ def generate_ir_for_module(global_ctx: GlobalContext) -> Tuple[IRnode, IRnode, F
         deploy_code.append(["deploy", init_mem_used, runtime, immutables_len])
 
         # internal functions come after everything else
-        for f in init_function._metadata["type"].called_functions:
-            deploy_code.append(internal_functions[f.name])
+        internal_functions = [f for f in runtime_functions if _is_internal(f)]
+        for f in internal_functions:
+            func_ir = generate_ir_for_function(
+                f, all_sigs, global_ctx, skip_nonpayable_check=False, is_ctor_context=True
+            )
+            # note: we depend on dead code eliminator to clean dead function defs
+            deploy_code.append(func_ir)
 
     else:
         if immutables_len != 0: