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2020-10-13

The TRIZ Ontology Webinar. Oct. 13, 2020

Andrey Kuryan, Mikhail Rubin: General information about the project. Ontology "TRIZ Model".

The material

https://triz-summit.ru/confer/tds-2020/web/1/ (in Russian).

The Chat (English translation below)

Hans-Gert Gräbe :

  • Что такое синоним? Другой идентификатор для одной и той же концепции или для другой концепции?
  • Можно ли экспортировать данные OSA в формате RDF?
  • OSA проводит четкое различие между классами, свойствами и отношениями. Это очень необычно для Semantic Web.
  • Есть ли система URI для концепций?
  • Как связаны концепция онтокарт с концепцией онтоатласа?

Владислав Ерёмин : Где можно ознакомиться с актуальной версией словаря?

Ramez Kassou : Идет ли кем-то проработка новых ценностей, которой дает построение онтологии ТРИЗ? Такая большая работа только для ради системного образования? А как насчет интеграции с системами ИИ например?

Hans-Gert Gräbe :

  • Проще ли согласовать термины между разными ТРИЗ-школами или между разными языковыми версиями?
  • Какова связь между платформой OSA и Открытым Облаком Данных LOD Cloud? https://lod-cloud.net/

Ramez Kassou :

  • Можно предусмотреть как развитие онтологии снабжать существующие компоненты и связи ссылками, ресурсами и прочими информационными сущностями. Это предложение.
  • Онтология это об объединении и стандартизации всего что связано с ТРИЗ для пользователей и заинтересованных.
  • Так может быть пора приступить к формированию стандарта инновационного развития на базе ТРИЗ?
  • На западе давно уже идут процессы стандартизации инновационного менеджмента и инжиниринга, по сути пустышек - без внутреннего движка, которым мог бы быть ТРИЗ
  • И как любой стандарт, он должен быть обновляться с периодичностью накопления знаний и ресурсов (то о чем говорит Марат - динамичность сущностей онтологии)

Hans-Gert Gräbe : Как вы справитесь с противоречиями? Общие позиции - это еще не все.

Александр Быстрицкий : Обучение - это процедура формирование согласия.

Ramez Kassou : Спасибо большое за приглашение, за вебинар и за большую работу!

Артамонова Анна : Спасибо большое за приглашение, очень интересные были доклады и дискуссии!

Александр Быстрицкий : Это очень интересно, то что сделано заслуживает и внимания и уважения. Интересно поработать совместно, хотя разница в подходах школ весьма существенна.

The Chat (English translation), with some additional remarks by HGG

Hans-Gert Gräbe :

  • What are synonymous? Another identifier for the same concept or for another concept?
  • Can I export the OSA data in RDF format?
  • OSA makes a clear distinction between classes, properties and relationships. This is very unusual for the Semantic Web.
    • Added by HGG: This is mainly due to the OSA platform used, since the platform fixes the metameta model (in this case probably OWL), see also my additional remarks below. As far as I have seen from the demonstrations of the platform it makes it very difficult to have a concept that is a predicate in one statement to become a subject or object in another statement.
  • Is there a URI system for concepts?
    • Added by HGG: Not at the moment.
  • How is the ontocard concept related to the ontoatlas concept?

Vladislav Yeryomin : Where can I find the current version of the dictionary?

Ramez Kassou : Does someone work out the new values, which gives us building a TRIZ ontology? Such a big job just for the sake of systematization? What about integration with AI systems, for example?

Hans-Gert Gräbe :

  • Is it easier to harmonize terms between different TRIZ schools or between different language versions?
  • What is the connection between the OSA platform and the Open LOD Cloud? https://lod-cloud.net/
    • Added by HGG: We never heared about the latter.

Ramez Kassou :

  • Could it be envisaged to enrich within the development of the ontology existing components and connections by links, resources and other information entities? This is a proposal.
    • Added by HGG: The WUMM project is working on such a proposal. We already compiled the information part of the TRIZ Body of Knowledge, that relates concepts to writings, as RDF. But this requires further consolidation.
  • Ontology is about merging and standardising everything related to TRIZ for users and interested parties.
  • So maybe it's time to start forming a standard for innovative development based on TRIZ?
  • In the West, the processes of standardising innovation management and engineering have been under way for a long time, essentially partialities - without internal engine that could be provided by TRIZ.
    • Added by HGG: This is a bold judgment. Even within TRIZ there was serious work on ontologies before, in particular by Cecilia Zanni-Merk. I do not see that this palys any role in the current efforts.
  • And like any standard, it must be updated periodically with the accumulation of knowledge and resources (what Marat says is about the dynamism of the essence of an ontology)

Hans-Gert Gräbe : How will you manage conflicts? Common agreement is not all.

Alexander Bystritsky: Training is a consent formation procedure.

Ramez Kassou : Thank you so much for the invitation, for the webinar and for your hard work!

Anna Artamonova : Thank you so much for the invitation, there were very interesting reports and discussions!

Alexander Bystritsky: It's very interesting, what has been done deserves attention and respect. It is interesting to work together, although there are very significant differences in the approaches of the different schools.

About the difference between a data model and an ontology project

(Addendum and additional remark by Hans-Gert Gräbe)

Most of our computer science students do not even understand the difference between a data model and a database scheme, but this is important, and there are plenty of tools to transform a data model into a (even normalized) data base scheme (at design time) and also much tools (e.g. the Hibernate framework) to perform such a transformation at runtime. This allows to work with data abstraction layers (e.g. DAO) within the implementation and use a general and a well defined persistence layer to organize all the storage processes.

An ontology is such a data model that is widely accepted and can be used by integrated tools as, e.g., the persistence layer framework within the technology just mentioned. Hence an ontology is a socially accepted standard and a social process has to be passed through successfully.

What is the core of such a process. Take any TRIZ notion, e.g. "TRIZ methods". It is a concept, but for the computer it is solely a wording without any semantic meaning. The computer only understands, that the same wording at different places means the same. Humans act differently, since they use at the one hand in some cases the same wording for different meanings and in other cases different wordings mean the same. NLP and ML is about that - to map wordings on unique concepts (since the computer hardly can handle fuzzy notions). Humans behave differently in another concern: they can good live with notions that mean almost the same. For computer use this has to be "reduced to the essential", i.e. the "almost" has to be removed putting the whole situation in a restricted contextualization (details are explained in my TFC 2020 paper).

This (social!) process is called formalization of the ontology and can be done in a very informal way using plain text. To make the interchange more machine readable the language itself, that is used for the description of the model, has to be formalized in a metamodel.

This applies in particular the arrow labels in the model as "is related to" (irt for short). If you have two such relations, as e.g. irt(RTVModel,TRIZModel) and irt(ProjectActivity,TRIZModel) in the "TRIZ Model Ontocard" (p. 9 of the TDS 2020 paper) one has to understand, what "is related to" means, in particular, does it mean the same in both contexts.

First, I wrote the predicate irt as function with two arguments replacing infix by prefix notation. Secondly, this are signatures, in the brackets the argument types are listed. In OO programming there is no problem to have the same function name with different implementations. The correct function (i.e. the appropriate pointer to the code) is chosen according to the type of the arguments. Thus using the same function name a hidden unification process is present that has to be made explicit on the level of the metamodel. This, in its turn, can be done informally using plain text to explain to other humans what the computer is doing.

But if you plan to automate also that process you need a language for the language description, hence a metametamodel. These three levels are nowadays more or less standard in ontology modeling.

In many applications RDFS https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ is used as metameta model, since it turned out that OWL https://www.w3.org/OWL/ is much to complicated for that (if the model is complex enough, it can be strictly proven that OWL reasoning is undecidable). In many ontology modeling applications nowadays SKOS https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/ is used as such a metametamodel, although they claim "SKOS is not a formal knowledge representation language" (cited from the website). This is indeed true, hence a metametametamodel is required (in this case RDFS is used).

Hans-Gert Gräbe, last update Oct. 21, 2020