comp2.words

Recombinant murine and human TCF-1 recognized the same sequence motif in the CD3-epsilon enhancer as judged by gel retardation and methylation interference assays .
p50B is able to form heteromeric kappa B-binding complexes with RelB , as well as with p65 and p50 , the two subunits of NF-kappa B .
The constitutively active type of the CN A subunit , which lacks the auto-inhibitory and calmodulin-binding domains , acts in synergy with PMA to activate transcription from the GM-CSF promoter .
This high-affinity site has been conserved in the promoters of both human and mouse CD19 genes and was furthermore shown to confer B-cell specificity to a beta-globin reporter gene in transient transfection experiments .
N-acetyl-L-cysteine NP , a well characterized antioxidant which counteracts the effects of reactive oxygen intermediates ROI in living cells , prevented the activation of NF-kappa B by H2O2 .
Total RNA isolated from the index subject mononuclear leukocytes was used to produce first strand hGR cDNAs , and the entire hGR cDNA was amplified in segments and sequenced .
The eukaryotic transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B NF-kappa B participates in many parts of the genetic program mediating T lymphocyte activation and growth .
We have cloned the latent membrane protein 1 LMP1 homologs from the simian EBV naturally infecting baboons cercopithicine herpesvirus 12 , herpesvirus papio and rhesus monkeys cercopithicine herpesvirus 15 for a comparative study with the human EBV oncogene .
To clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in the developmental control of hemoglobin-encoding genes we have been studying the expression of these genes in human cells in continuous culture .
We conclude that the serum response of the human TSP 1 gene requires the coordinated function of an SRE- and NF-Y-binding site .
It is concluded that adenovirus may be one cause of persistent or recurrent inflammatory arthritis .
To further define the effects of dexamethasone at the molecular level , we prepared a series of deleted c-jun promoter fragments linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase CAT gene .
In nuclear extracts from monocytes or macrophages , induction of NF-KB occurred only if the cells were previously infected with HIV-1 .
Mutations of the CRE site that result in loss of CREB binding also lead to loss of functional activity of the bcl-2 promoter in transient-transfection assays .
In line with this conclusion , we show that the protein , a transcriptional repressor that inhibits gpc91-phox gene expression by preventing NF-Y binding to the CAAT box , is absent in monocytes .
The inhibition of HIV infection in cells stably expressing a transdominant Rev protein , in the absence of any deleterious effect on T cell function , suggests that such a strategy could provide a therapeutic effect in the T lymphocytes of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients .
Here , we show that v-erbA and c-erbA bind directly to sequences within the promoter of the erythrocyte-specific carbonic anhydrase II CAII , a gene transcription is efficiently suppressed by v-erbA .
The nuclear factor of activated T cells NF-AT 3 is an inducible DNA-binding protein that is essential for transcriptional induction of the IL-2 gene during T cell activation .
In contrast to the type I receptor , the type II IL-1R has a small cytoplasmic tail , and it is not clear whether this receptor is a signal-transducing or a regulatory molecule .
The presence of c-fos had a negative influence on GR function and correlated with the cell-specific synergistic or antagonistic activity of Jun with respect to GR ; high basal expression of c-fos as well as AP-1 DNA binding and transcriptional activity were observed in HeLa cells , but not in T cells .
One , located at -50 , binds members of the family and the other , located at -20 , binds the erythroid factor GATA-1 .
Although sequences located between -559 and -88 of the zeta 2 globin gene were dispensable for expression on enhancerless plasmids , they were required for the HS-40 enhancer-mediated activity of the zeta 2 globin promoter .
The minimal region of the human tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-alpha gene promoter necessary for transcriptional induction by phorbol esters PMA in human T and B lymphocyte cell lines has been localized between -52 and nucleotides nt relative to the gene transcriptional start site .
Glucocorticoids and interferon-alpha in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome .
We tested the ability of human TSP 1-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs to respond to serum in stably transfected NIH-3T3 cells .
Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in interleukin-8 production by human monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or Mycoplasma fermentans membrane lipoproteins .
Nondividing macrophages from normal individuals also expressed 1,25-LRB-OH-RRB-2D3 receptor RNA .
IFN-gamma has potent antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in T cells that are important in determining T cell development and polarized differentiation .
The promoters and enhancers of cell type-specific genes are often conserved in evolution , and hence one might expect that a given enhancer has evolved to work best with own promoter .
The mechanism of action of DM on IL-2R alpha transcription was examined by determining the mRNA levels of the p50 subunit of nuclear factor kappa B NF-kappa B , a transcription factor that stimulates IL-2R alpha gene expression .
Phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes derived from DS subjects showed a statistically significant diminished proliferation capacity in comparison with lymphocytes derived from NCL and healthy individuals .
In previous transfection analyses using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene system , we determined that linker substitution LS mutations between -201 and -130 relative to the transcription start site of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat LTR caused moderate decreases in LTR transcriptional activity in a T-cell line S.L.Zeichner , J.Y.H. Kim , and J.C.Alwine , J.Virol.65 : 2436-2444 , 1991 .
Inhibition of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced T-cell proliferation by dexamethasone , isoproterenol , or prostaglandin E2 either alone or in combination .
Additionally , infected T cells displayed lower levels of CD45 on surfaces .
Glucocorticoid receptor and inhibition of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose uptake by glucocorticoids in peripheral blood leukocytes from normal humans : correlation between receptor level and hormone effect in vitro .
Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 and latent membrane protein independently transactivate p53 through induction of NF-kappaB activity .
The T lineage-specific expression and the affinity for functional motifs in the TCR-alpha and CD3-epsilon enhancers imply an important role for TCF-1 in the establishment of the mature T cell phenotype .
Cell type- and stage-specific expression of the antigen correlates with the activity of a diverged octamer DNA motif present in promoter .
We have located the major positive regulatory region for control of bcl-2 expression in B cells in the region .
IL-10 profoundly inhibited release of IL-1beta from PBMC stimulated by all three stimuli .
Tat , a potent activator of HIV-1 gene expression , serves to greatly increase the rate of transcription directed by the viral promoter .
From HeLa cells , two major proteins of 52 and 45 kilodaltons kD copurified with DNA binding activity , whereas from T-cells , four proteins -- a major protein of 52 kD and three minor proteins of 82 , 67 , and 43-47 kD -- were purified .
Finally , we did not observed either up-regulation or antagonism of GcR by ketoconazole treatment , at the time that cortisol levels of patients with Cushing disease were reduced .
occurrence is considered to be extremely rare .
Within this region , we have identified several sequences that are implicated in DNA protein interactions as shown in DNAse I footprints and gel mobility shift assays .
The regulatory effect of insulin on the specific binding power of glucocorticoid receptor GR of human leukocytes was assessed by the unoccupied receptor sites capable of combining with -LCB-3H-RCB- labelled dexamethasone measured at 3 and 24 h after incubation with various concentrations of insulin added to the medium .
We suggest that in young subjects Type II receptors are initially up-regulated by dexamethasone , and then down-regulated , while in aged subjects an up-regulation can not be achieved , as suggested by the higher values of plasma cortisol usually found in aging subjects
This function has been attributed to the coordinated binding of subunits of NF-kappa B to distinct regions of the promoter elements of numerous genes , including cytokines , growth factor receptors , and adhesion molecules .
The potential clinical usefulness of these CL assays was suggested by the ability of both monocytes and IFN-U937 cells to respond to red cells , platelets or granulocytes sensitized with sera from pregnant women babies had either haemolytic disease of the newborn HDN , alloimmune thrombocytopenia or alloimmune neutropenia respectively .
These findings indicate that corticosteroid resistance in bronchial asthma can not be explained by abnormalities in corticosteroid receptor characteristics .
In conclusion , E-LRB-gre-RRB- motifs and interacting basic helix-loop-helix proteins are important determinants for MLV transcriptional activity in lymphocytic cell lines .
Characterization of a new isoform of the NFAT nuclear factor of activated T cells gene family member NFATc published erratum appears in J Biol Chem 1996 Dec 27 ; 271 52 : 33705
The retinoblastoma gene product Rb is a nuclear phosphoprotein that regulates cell cycle progression .
Generation of dendritic cells and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells from human monocytes .
To correlate changes in nuclear factor binding in vitro with transcriptional activity in vivo and define the structural requirements for IL-2 promoter repression , we used transient DNA transfections .
1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate synergistically induce monocytic cell differentiation : FOS and RB expression .
In the bone marrow , it is preferentially expressed in myeloid cells .
TAR-independent transactivation by Tat in cells derived from the CNS : a novel mechanism of HIV-1 gene regulation .
Compared to benign tumor or mammary reduction test material the eicosanoid profile of tissue obtained from malignant mammary tumors showed important differences .
Similar effects were obtained for the c-fos gene .
Of the 23 cases , 19 were classified as NK-cell and 4 as T-cell tumours .
Therefore , the successful generation of surrogate receptors on non-T cells is not associated with more efficient TG presentation of T cells .
The IL-2 and the IL-2-R alpha genes are both expressed transiently in normal T lymphocytes after Ag or mitogen activation .
The inhibition of c-fos and c-jun expression by IL-4 in LPS-treated cells was shown to be due to a lower transcription rate of the c-fos and c-jun genes .
No age-related differences were found in the expression of either of these two proto-oncogenes by anti-CD2 activated T cells .
In cotransfection experiments we show that all the isoforms are able to activate an octamer containing promoter element in fibroblasts revealing an unexpected functional redundancy .
In situ hybridizations of adult murine tissues demonstrate Spi-B mRNA in the medulla of the thymus , the white pulp of the spleen , and the germinal centers of lymph nodes .
All-trans retinoic acid RA is an important morphogen in vertebrate development , a normal constituent in human adult blood and is also involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia .
Oct2 transactivation from a remote enhancer position requires a B-cell-restricted activity .
Activation of human monocytic cells by Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins and synthetic lipopeptides proceeds via a pathway distinct from that of lipopolysaccharide but involves the transcriptional activator NF-kappa B .
A similar result was obtained with the mature monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 .
Cotransfection of a YB-1 expression plasmid increases HTLV-I basal transcription approximately 14-fold in Jurkat T lymphocytes .
The current study examined the effects of oxidative stress on transcriptional activities mediated by AP-1 and the nuclear factor of activated T cells NF-AT .
A novel T cell-specific negative regulatory element NRE composed of two protein-binding sites were mapped in the flanking region of the IL-4 gene : -311CTCCCTTCT-303 NRE-I and -288CTTTTTGCTT-TGC-300 NRE-II .
Furthermore , JunD is shown to activate transcription of genes linked to both cAMP and phorbol ester response elements in a protein kinase A-dependent fashion , further blurring the distinction between these response elements .
GCs induce apoptosis in neoplastic lymphoid cells ; and , defective apoptosis is implicated in the genesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL .
At the level of the genomic TNF gene , a DNase I hypersensitive site is detected within the TNF promoter between -200 to -100 bp relative to the transcription initiation site .
Increased expression of the oncogene in breast cancer correlates with decreased estrogen receptor concentration and seems to be an important prognostic factor .
Exposing HUVECs to induces an increase in nuclear factor kappaB NF-kappaB in HUVEC nuclei within 4 hours .
Within this region , we define a minimal promoter -62 to that displays erythroid-specific activity and contains two DNA binding sites .
This indicates an increase in either episomal DNA or concatameric linear DNA .
In T cells , HIV transcription is poorly detected in vivo .
No correlation was observed between c-myc mRNA and B lymphocyte monoclonicity or lymphoma .
Electrophoretically purified p50 alone can form a protein-DNA complex , but in the mixture , p50 associates preferentially with p65 to form the NF-GM2 complex .
NF-kB is a eukaryotic transcription regulatory factor .
Thus , the estrogen receptor-related protein is HSP27 , and the three major 29-kDa proteins phosphorylated in thrombin-activated platelets are forms of HSP27 .
The BZLF1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus EBV is a key immediate-early protein which has been shown to disrupt virus latency in EBV-infected B cells .
In addition to these novel E2F complexes , three distinct forms of unbound free E2F were resolved in gel shift experiments .
Pb-induced activation of NF-kappa B is blocked by antibodies for p65 and p50 subunits but not cRel , indicating that the p65:p50 heterodimer NF-kappa B is involved .
Basal total white blood cell and granulocyte counts did not appreciably differ between transgenic and control mice .
The implications , in particular , in relation to future prognosis of the patient , remain obscure .
GR was determined by whole cell assay with 3H-Dex .
In contrast , the C26 element itself was profoundly activated upon stimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate .
Furthermore , an antiserum against KBF1 identical to 50 kDa NF-kappa B protein reacted with the p50 of NF-GM2 , indicating that the NF-GM2 polypeptide can not be immunologically differentiated from the 50 kDa subunit of NF-kappa B .
The difference in signals transduced through sIgM and sIgD in B104 cells is discussed .
A novel SP-1 site in the human interleukin-1 beta promoter confers preferential transcriptional activity in keratinocytes .
This common pathway may involve reactive oxygen intermediates ROI as messenger molecules .
FK506 and cyclosporin A block translocation of the cytoplasmic component without affecting synthesis of the nuclear subunit .
The molecular basis for restricted cytokine expression by T helper 1 Th1 and T helper 2 Th2 cells is unclear .
The B cell NFAT complex , however , was not functional , since it failed to activate transcription from an NFAT-driven chloramphenicol acetyltransferase CAT construct .
HIV-1 can also establish a latent or persistent infection in some T cell lines that show minimal constitutive virus expression .
Data obtained from studies in laboratories demonstrate that the proteasome plays an important role in the inflammatory cascade by regulating the activation of NF-kappa B .
However , when HL60R cells were transduced with a functional copy of the RAR alpha gene , RA induced a 10-fold increase in E3 mRNA levels .
In six cases we determined MR , plasma aldosterone , and SPD in patients with preeclampsia before and 3 months after delivery .
In contrast , GATA-2 is strongly expressed in both most primitive and committed progenitors cells , whereas GATA-3 is mostly detected in most primitive ones .
Transcription of the hypersensitive site HS2 enhancer in erythroid cells .
Inhibition of protein phosphatases by okadaic acid induces AP1 in human T cells .
Activated T-lymphocytes are found early in atherosclerosis lesions , but little is known about role .
In this work , we report that these anergic T cells are defective in ability to up-regulate protein binding and transactivation at two critical IL-2 DNA enhancer elements : NF-AT nuclear factor of activated T cells ; a sequence that binds a heterotrimeric NFATp , Fos , and Jun protein complex and Activator Protein-1 AP-1 that binds Fos and Jun heterodimers .
Lymphocytes activated with the OKT3 antibody to the T-cell antigen receptor expressed fewer binding sites as compared to lymphocytes that were activated by the polyclonal activator phytohemagglutinin PHA .
Using a structure-function mutagenesis approach , two tyrosine residues Tyr427 and Tyr477 in the intracellular domain of the murine IL-10 receptor were found to be redundantly required for receptor function and for activation of Stat3 but not for Stat1 or Stat5 .
Threonine 78 lies within the D-box of the v-erb A protein , a region thought to mediate receptor-receptor dimerizations , and is not in physical proximity to the serine at position 61 .
Surprisingly , multimers of kappa 1 - kappa 3 can confer PMA inducibility on a heterologous promoter in a B Raji , but not a T HUT78 cell line .
Here we report that LTB4 induces synthesis of interleukin IL -6 by human blood monocytes through transcriptional activation of the IL-6 gene .
The extent to which peptides containing chemically and post-translationally modified amino acid side chains are recognized by primed CTL has not been clearly defined .
The data also indicate that CD2 receptor activation and phytohemagglutinin plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation augment T cell IL3 gene expression through the same cis- and trans-activating signals .
A comparison of in situ hybridization to EBV DNA and viral capsid antigen staining with BZ1 reactivity suggested that BZLF1 expression precedes rampant virus replication .
Protein kinase C activation and protooncogene expression in of human U-937 leukemia cells .
Comparison of the sequences of all elements recognized by TCF-1 defines a consensus motif C A A G .
ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
The binding affinity was not different between patients and controls .
Eosinophils play an important role in the effector phase of allergic inflammation .
The numbers of leucocytic ER were significantly increased after treatment .
Using a human TSH receptor TSH-R cDNA probe , we investigated TSH-R transcript levels in 13 human thyroid fragments by Northern blot analysis ; 7 Graves disease , 2 Hashimoto disease , 3 endemic goiter , and 1 healthy thyroid gland were studied .
Expression was confirmed in the bone marrow with a reverse transcription PCR assay .
Antiphosphotyrosine immunoblots of whole cell lysates prepared from neutrophils show that the G-CSF rapidly induces prominent tyrosine phosphorylation of a protein of a relative molecular mass of 80 kDa .
Most of the AP-1 activity could be eliminated when the anti-AIM mAb was added to the culture medium in the presence of cycloheximide , suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is crucial for the induction of AP-1-binding activity .
In vitro effects of aldosterone on the intracellular concentrations of sodium , potassium and calcium , cell volume and the sodium-proton-antiport have been described in intact human mononuclear leukocytes HML .
These findings suggest that the combination of p49 100 and p65 NF-kappa B can act in concert with the tat-I gene product to stimulate the synthesis of HIV RNA .
IL4 and IL13 receptors share the gamma c chain and activate STAT6 , STAT3 and STAT5 proteins in normal human B cells .
Primary lymphocyte cultures showed partial independence from exogenous growth stimuli and increased resistance to low-serum apoptosis .
Retinoic acid activates interferon regulatory factor-1 gene expression in myeloid cells .
BACKGROUND .
We have tested a variety of Oct2 isoforms generated by alternative splicing for the capability to activate an octamer enhancer in nonlymphoid cells and a B-cell line .
Furthermore , the physical interaction of Tax with p100 leads to the inhibition of Tax-induced activation of the HTLV-I and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeats , reflecting p100-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration of the normally nuclearly expressed Tax protein .
The inhibitor also dramatically inhibited monocyte chemotactic activity of and MCP-1 production by the cells .
Spi-B and PU.1 are hematopoietic-specific transcription factors that constitute a subfamily of the Ets family of DNA-binding proteins .
We have investigated whether a palmitate conjugate of a human monoclonal antibody specific for thyroglobulin TG could function as a surrogate TG receptor on blood mononuclear cells separated into fractions enriched for T cells or depleted of T cells non-T cells .
Phorbol esters are required to induce cell-surface expression as well as for triggering the proliferation of T cells in conjunction with anti-AIM mAb .
The affinity of the BAT box binding proteins for the BAT box was approximately 25-fold less than for the octamer sequence and the BAT box binding proteins dissociated from the BAT box 10-fold more rapidly than from the octamer sequence .
Although NFAT has been recently shown to be inducible in several non-T immune cells , the NFAT gene family members characterized to date have been isolated only from T cells .
Induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by low-density lipoprotein .
Thus , signaling in NK3.3 cells is not always identical with that in primary NK cells .
was found to be hyposialylated , bearing predominantly O-linked monosaccharide glycans , whereas bore complex sialylated tetra- and hexasaccharide chains .
The experiments in this report show that cysteine or N-acetylcysteine NP raise the intracellular glutathione GSH level and inhibit HIV-1 replication in persistently infected Molt-4 and U937 cells .
3 . Initial and post-dexamethasone in vitro fibroblast binding to glucocorticoid was not different between major depressive disorder and non-depressed control subjects .
Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays , we find that TPCK virtually abolishes to less than 1 the levels of NF-LRB-kappa-RRB-B but not Oct-1 found in nuclear and whole cell extracts of activated T cells .
In this report , we demonstrate that the corresponding mutations in murine calcineurin render the T cell receptor signal transduction cascade CsA resistant in human Jurkat T cells .
NF-ATn is a ubiquitous protein , can be synthesized in response to PMA , and has many similarities to AP-1 .
The functional domains of HS-40 were also mapped .
Measurement of GR mRNA turnover in 6TG1.1 cells treated with actinomycin-D revealed a half-life of 2.5 h , which was unaffected by dexamethasone treatment .
It is very likely that these domains bind megakaryocyte-specific nuclear proteins acting as positive transcription factors .
The proband had no detectable DPD activity .
The proto-oncoprotein c-Rel is a member of the nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor family , which includes the p50 and p65 subunits of nuclear factor kappa B .
In addition , the product of the proto-oncogene c-rel can bind to similar DNA motifs by itself or as a heterodimer with p50 or p65 .
This is the first documented case of female twins discordant for Fabry disease .
Treatment of chronically HIV-infected PBMC with anti-CD2 mAb has been shown to induce the expression of infectious virus from these cultures .
Such transcription factors play a key role in the development of the mature T-cell phenotype by functioning as master regulators of T-cell differentiation .
Characterization of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen gene promoter .
Increased natural killer cell activity correlates with low or negative expression of the oncogene in patients with breast cancer .
SRC-related proto-oncogenes and transcription factors in primary human T cells : modulation by cyclosporin A and FK506 .
However , specific function in these processes has not been clearly defined .
The involvement of p21-LRB-ras-RRB- in the regulation of calcium-dependent signals has been suggested through analysis of role in the activation of NF-AT .
The Thy-1 gene promoter resembles a housekeeping promoter in that it is located within a methylation-free island , lacks a canonical TATA box , and displays heterogeneity in the termini of the mRNA .
Here we demonstrate that hexamethylene bisacetamide HMBA induced K562 cells to differentiate along a third pathway .
We have investigated the constitutive and inducible transcriptional activity mediated by five kappa B-related sequence elements in two different cell types .
However , X failed to react with a variety of antibodies against Rb or p107 , implicating the involvement of an E1A-binding protein other than Rb or p107 .
Nuclear factor kappa B NF-kappa B ; heterodimer of p50 and p65 proteins have been suggested to play an important role in gene transcription of inflammatory mediators when monocytes are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide .
The latter defect may provide an explanation for many of the XP and CS symptoms that are difficult to rationalize based solely on an NER defect .
Much attention has recently focused on the observation that UV light can activate the long terminal repeat LTR of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV .
These results indicate that E3 is a hematopoietic-specific gene that is an immediate target for the activated RAR alpha during myelopoiesis .
Structure-function studies of the GATA-1 protein could be greatly simplified and a larger number of mutants studied .
T cell proliferation was induced by three peptides , P1 , P4 , and P7 , in 71-100 of the donors tested before and after vaccination using DC as APC .
We further demonstrate the impact of platelet-activating factor binding to B cells by measuring platelet-activating factor induced arachidonic acid release and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production .
The half-life of c-jun mRNA was similar 45-50 min in both untreated and okadaic acid-induced cells .
In contrast , there was no regulation by glucocorticoids of either the CD8 or CD4 antigens in the leukemic clone CEM C1 .
Rhom-2 mRNA is expressed in early mouse development in central nervous system , lung , kidney , liver , and spleen but only very low levels occur in thymus .
In 1991 , we demonstrated , using electrophoretic mobility shift assays , that 3 different factors termed B1 , B2 and B3 with affinity for the KB-enhancer target sequence were specifically detected in nuclear extracts from HIV1-infected monocytes and macrophages .
In this study , we demonstrate that HTLV-I Tax can physically associate with p100 , the product of the Rel-related NF-kappa B2 gene , both in transfected cells and in HTLV-I-infected leukemic T-cell lines .
Estrogen receptor positive : MCF-7 and negative ER- : MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines were utilized to evaluate the effects of tamoxifen TAM and estradiol E2 on modulation of breast cancer target susceptibility to lysis by lymphokine-activated killer LAK cells .
Thus , autoreactive T-cells identify a novel antigen , p38 jun-B , in IDDM and appear to indicate subjects at risk for the development of clinical disease .
Results of preliminary studies , many of which were conducted by Dr. Dezube , suggest that use of this agent in combination with antiretroviral compounds may prove useful in the treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection
However , activation of the T cell lines leading to enhanced HIV-1 replication can be induced by antigens , mitogens , and cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-alpha , interleukin 1 , and interleukin-2 .
Cell activation resulted in a delayed induction of STAT DNA-binding activity , which was sustained for several days , was composed predominantly of Stat1 and Stat3 , and was blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin D .
Glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of RANTES expression in human T lymphocytes .
Jurkat cells were transfected with plasmids containing either the intact IL-2 promoter or AP-1 , NF-AT , and NF-kB motifs .
The presence of an AP-1 protein in the NF-AT protein complex may regulate NF-AT-binding activity through protein-protein interaction .
Estrogens and anti-estrogens enhance the number of immunoglobulin Ig -secreting cells in pokeweed mitogen PWM -stimulated lymphocyte cultures .
First , Tax was found to interact with the 35-kDa alpha subunit of TFIIA in the yeast two-hybrid interaction system .
The results are discussed in the context of a model relating the two nuclear NF-AT complexes to NF-ATp .
Here we report that tepoxalin selectively inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ICAM-1 , CD54 dependent adhesion of polymorphonuclear cells to IL-1 activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells .
Therefore oxygen therapy is helpful in raising the activity of glucocorticoid receptors and controlling the development of the disease .
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS results from infection with a human immunodeficiency virus HIV .
In this study we analyzed the T cell receptor TcR delta transcripts expressed by cells and we investigated whether these cells expressed the hGATA-3 T cell transcription factor and the recombination-activating gene RAG -1 .
The first objective of this study was to determine whether human DC mediate in vitro sensitization of naive T cells to epitopes of the immediate early 62 IE62 protein of varicella zoster virus VZV .
Here we show that phorbol ester treatment also abolishes induction of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in Ar-5 cells transfected with a plasmid containing the IL-2 promoter linked to this reporter gene .
IL-12 is a powerful skewer of T cell responses toward the Th1 phenotype by inducing IFN-gamma production in naive Th cells .
Using this assay , we have detected NF kappa B in extracts of nuclei from normal human monocytes .
These data support the view of an impaired ligand-induced plasticity of glucocorticoid receptor regulation rather than the hypothesis of decreased glucocorticoid receptor numbers during depression .
The emergence of nuclear binding proteins was investigated using interleukin-2 sequence specific oligonucleotide probes in the electrophoretic mobility shift assay .
We demonstrated that CMV infection increased both IL-6 protein and mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells .
Naive T lymphocytes are more sensitive to oxidative stress-induced signals than memory cells .
Selective effects of DNA damaging agents on HIV long terminal repeat activation and virus replication in vitro .
We have now examined expression of the mouse E2A gene at the protein level using polyclonal antisera directed against distinct portions of the E2A protein to probe blots of cellular extracts .
In contrast , TGF-beta had only minimal effects on two other B cell membrane proteins , HLA-DR and CD20 .
Concomitant stimulation by VitD3 inhibited the RA-stimulated formation of RAR heterodimers , favoring binding to the RARE .
Since recent studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide-induced tyrosine kinase activation is not required for NFkappaB nuclear translocation , we sought to determine whether NFkappaB translocated in the absence of tyrosine kinase activity was active in stimulating transcription .
Although both viruses establish latency in quiescent human-peripheral-blood T cells , the asymptomatic phase of HIV-2 infection may be more prolonged than that of HIV-1 .
These results show that , physiologically , high levels of nuclear of p50 , p52 and RelB are restricted to accessory cells of the immune system , which include FDC in GC , and DC and macrophages in the T cell zone , that specialized scavenger macrophages from GC do not have detectable levels of p52 and RelB , whereas macrophages from the T cell area , known to present the antigen to T cells , do have both nuclear p52 and RelB , and that in the T cell zone , p52 and RelB are located in nuclei of both , or both , cells APC , whereas p50 is restricted to CD1a- and CD68- APC .
Functional interaction between the two zinc finger domains of the v-erb A oncoprotein .
Susceptibility of these transformed cell lines to NK cells was determined by cytolytic assays .
This is most likely due to the presence of the lymphoid-specific OTF-2 factor .
v-erbA overexpression is required to extinguish c-erbA function in erythroid cell differentiation and regulation of the erbA target gene CAII .
Sterol dependent LDL-receptor gene transcription in lymphocytes from normal and CML patients .
Purified NF-kB is also able to bind to the TCEd , but TCF-1 binds stronger than NF-kB to TCEd DNA .
Cytomegalovirus modulates interleukin-6 gene expression .
The results of the present study demonstrate that dysfunction of these genes also occurs during recurrence of glial tumors that were highly malignant at first presentation .
2 . These two types of estrogen binding sites existed in human peripheral blood monocytes .
The GCR binding affinity for budesonide was significantly higher in both groups i.e. , lower dissociation constant than that obtained for dexamethasone .
Further deletional and alanine mutagenesis analyses and comparison with TRAF binding sequences in CD40 , in CD30 , and in the LMP1 of other lymphycryptoviruses provide the first evidence that is a core TRAF binding motif .
The hepatitis B virus genome encodes a transcriptional transactivator protein designated HBxAg .
Differences in pre- and postoperative values of cancer patients were seen in plasma RIA values : PGE2 and 6-k-PGF1 alpha were significantly higher preoperatively when compared with postoperatively , however , such differences were seen in the control groups as well .
The purified NF-GM2 activated in vitro transcription from the kappa B enhancer , while it failed to stimulate transcription from the GM-CSF promoter harboring the GM2 sequence .
NF-E1 is encoded by the same gene as the YY-1 protein , which binds to the adeno-associated virus P5 promoter .
Circadian rhythm in glucocorticoid receptor GR was studied in the rat liver and human peripheral leukocytes .
Starting with a replication-incompetent molecular clone of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 , lacking all the NF-kappa B and Sp1 binding sites present in the native long terminal repeat LTR , proviruses containing reconstructed LTRs with individual or combinations of NF-kappa B and Sp1 elements were generated and evaluated for capacity to produce virus progeny following transfection-cocultivation .
In preincubated cells , the cycloheximide response is decreased , especially in the case of FOSB .
Native PTF beta , in either protein fractions or a PTF-Oct-1-DNA complex , can be recognized by polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant PTF beta .
For all other arginine mutations , no differences in affinity were detectable .
If GATA-1- -red cells were available , the analyses would involve the actual transcription of or chromatin structure surrounding the globin genes .
These results indicate that activation of c-fos is involved in IL 6-induced differentiation of SKW 6.4 cells into IgM-secreting cells .
Here we report that both IL-4 and IL-13 share signaling events in human colon carcinoma cell lines HT-29 and WiDr .
First , it gives no information on memory to lytic cycle antigens ; second , it preferentially amplifies the dominant components of latent antigen-specific memory at the expense of key subdominant reactivities .
Transfection of an AP-2 expression construct into T-lymphocytes activated gene expression from the HTLV-I LTR .
The kinetics of expression of the two genes were also slightly different , with c-fos mRNA reaching a peak at 15 min after stimulation and c-jun at 30 min .
c-myc protooncogene is implicated in the pathogenesis of B cell lymphoid malignancies and high levels of c-myc mRNA expression are observed in activated blood mononuclear cells .
Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor number in posttraumatic stress disorder .
Differential autoregulation of glucocorticoid receptor expression in human T- and B-cell lines .
However , inhibition of HIV-1 replication appears not to be directly correlated with GSH levels .
In 19 patients with a malignant breast tumor , tumor tissue and blood were taken to determine the eicosanoid profile and platelet aggregation .
G0S24 is a member of a set of genes putative switch regulatory genes that are expressed transiently within 1-2 hr of the addition of lectin or cycloheximide to human blood mononuclear cells .
We report on the CTL recognition of a MHC class I-restricted peptide containing a cyclized asparagine succinimide residue .
Since induction of the IL-2 receptor alpha subunit is a hallmark of lymphocyte activation , we suggest that p21ras naturally triggers B cell activation .
Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor GR expression by cognate ligand was examined in the glucocorticoid-sensitive human leukemic T-cell line 6TG1.1 and in the human B-cell line IM-9 .
Induced myeloid differentiation of K562 cells with downregulation of erythroid and megakaryocytic transcription factors : a novel experimental model for hemopoietic lineage restriction .
corresponding plasma cortisol levels were assessed .
Changes in leucocytic estrogen receptor levels in patients with gynecomastia
Egr-1 mRNA expression induced by sIgM- and sIgD-crosslinking was inhibited by H7 , erbstatin and genistein , but not by HA1004 .
Low-density lipoprotein LDL is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis .
Activation of T cells by antigen , lectin , or a combination of phorbol-12-myristate acetate PMA and calcium ionophore A23187 leads to the induction of genes for a set of lymphokines , including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF .
We have found that the basic domains of all the myogenic factors remain unaltered in rhabdomyosarcomas .
The mechanism by which NF-ATc enters the nucleus is unknown , and although it appears to require calcineurin , NF-ATc has not yet been shown to be an in vivo substrate of calcineurin .
A 2-4-fold increase in IFN-beta promoter transcription was observed in Sendai virus induced extracts , and deletion of PRDI and PRDII elements decreased this induced level of transcription .
Deletion of all the Sp 1-binding sites from the enhancer reduces transcription by 80-90 in HeLa , as well as in BJA-B cells , whereas the removal of the octamer-binding site reduces transcription to levels below detection in both cell types .
Basophils express GATA-2 and GATA-3 .
To further characterize the protein-DNA interactions mediating IFN-beta induction , positive regulatory domain PRD II binding proteins were purified from phorbol ester induced Jurkat T-cells and from IFN primed , acid treated HeLa S3 cells .
We show that the ability to detect NF-ATp in a gel shift assay , which is essential for purification and biochemical studies of this protein , is strikingly dependent on the precise sequence of the NF-AT oligonucleotide used as the labeled probe .
We , therefore , examined glucocorticoid receptor characteristics on mononuclear leukocytes by measuring -LCB-3H-RCB-dexamethasone binding and the effect of dexamethasone on -LCB-3H-RCB-thymidine incorporation , which is one of the effects of glucocorticoid receptor activation .
The resultant primer products are analysed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography .
We previously reported the purification of human PTF , a complex of four subunits , and the molecular cloning and characterization of PTF gamma and delta subunits .
One of the major objectives in the study of thrombogenesis is to determine the mechanisms by which a hematopoietic progenitor is activated and committed to the megakaryocytic lineage .
The anaphylatoxin C3a has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects on a number of different cell types .
One HIV-1 variant was detected containing an additional binding site for the transcription factor Sp1 .
The microA motif was required for microB-dependent enhancer activity , which suggests that a minimal B cell-specific enhancer is composed of both the PU.1 and Ets-1 binding sites .
Characterization of Grb2-binding proteins in human platelets activated by Fc gamma RIIA cross-linking .
RESULTS .
Propylthiouracil 50 did not affect the action of T3SO4 , suggesting that deiodination was not important for this activity of T3SO4 .
CsA and FK506 associate with intracellular binding proteins i.e. , CsA with cyclophilin A and FK506 with FKBP12 to form complexes that suppress the immune system by preventing activation of T cells in response to antigen presentation .
The response to antigen proceeds at the T helper cell level through two independent forms of cellular collaboration , contact and lymphokine .
The increased levels of these proteins correlated with increases in the amounts of mRNAs during LPS activation of THP-1 cells .
The amplified product showed an identical nucleotide sequence to the DNA-binding domain of the human intestinal receptor .
Therefore the rel-related 65-kD protein may represent the p65 subunit of the active NF-kappa B transcription factor complex .
The KBF1 factor , which binds to the enhancer A located in the promoter of the mouse MHC class I gene H-2Kb , is indistinguishable from the p50 DNA binding subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappa B , which regulates a series of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses .
The tumors showed high radiosensitivity .
To address possible mechanisms that could explain this selective activity of c-ErbB , we analyzed the ability of these receptors to activate the different members of the Stat transcription factor family .
The effect of toremifene therapy on serum immunoglobulin levels in breast cancer .
Despite the widespread use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of diseases characterized by inflammation , the molecular mechanism s by which these hormones exert this beneficial effect in patients with asthma remains to be elucidated .
Acetylsalicylic acid and sodium salicylate inhibit LPS-induced NF-kappa nuclear translocation , and synthesis of tissue factor TF and tumor necrosis factor alfa TNF-alpha in human monocytes .
Thus , there was a statistically significant correlation of cytolytic effector cell function with expression of the tumor P 0.003 , and overexpression correlated with a negative estrogen receptor status P 0.005 .
Tissue-specific expression of the platelet GPIIb gene .
Furthermore , the significance of the present study is that the T cells , not the antigen-presenting cells , are likely to be the limiting element in the T cell proliferative response to TG and other thyroid autoantigens .
GM2 defines a binding site for protein s binding is inducible by PMA .
Consistent with these results , quantitative DNase footprinting of the TNF-alpha promoter using increasing amounts of recombinant NFATp demonstrated that the -76 site binds to NFATp with a higher affinity than the kappa 3 site .
To confirm the physiological relevance of these findings , we carried out in vivo footprinting experiments which showed that stimulation of IL-2R alpha expression correlated with occupancy of the GASd element .
ORF1 consists of 240 bp that would encode 80 amino acids , while the major ORF2 consists of 648 bp capable of coding for 216 amino acids .
Two different strains of HHV-6 , GS and Z29 , transactivated the HIV promoter .
In S107 cells stably transfected with relB genes , stimulation of nuclear RelB translocation by CD40 was observed .
These studies , the first to demonstrate induction of LT promoter activity over basal levels , indicate that HTLV-I tax causes low-level activation of both endogenous LT and the LT promoter , at least in part through activation of NF-kappa B .
Transcription factor NF-kappa B is generally localized to the cytoplasm by inhibitor I kappa B .
The fact that BCL-6 rearrangements identify biologically and clinically distinct subsets of DLCL suggests that these lesions may be useful as markers in selection of differential therapeutic strategies based on different risk groups .
Neither IL-10 nor IL-4 inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappa B binding activity .
The study of human disorders known as premature aging syndromes may provide insight into the mechanisms of cellular senescence .
T cell blasts treated with PMA are now responsive to IFN-gamma .
The current work describes the regulation of TNF in human myelomonocytic cell lines after PMA stimulation .
This probe was used to identify a rel-related complementary DNA that hybridized to a 2.6-kilobase messenger RNA present in human T and B lymphocytes .
Analysis of the ligand-binding domain of human retinoic acid receptor alpha by site-directed mutagenesis .
The presence of mRNA for these proteins in eosinophils and basophils suggests that gene transcription in these lineages may be regulated by GATA-binding proteins .
Furthermore , 68 triple-labellings with mAbs were performed on the cells of each volunteer to possibly generate further hypotheses .
To determine the role of AP-2 in the regulation of the HTLV-I LTR gene expression , we used an AP-2 cDNA in DNA binding and transient expression assays .
We therefore determined whether corticosteroids suppress inflammation by inhibiting endothelial expression of adhesion molecules for neutrophils polymorphonuclear leukocytes .
Transcription factor AP-2 activates gene expression of HTLV-I .
Currently available data indicate that erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation pathways are closely related to each other , and there may exist progenitor cells common to those two lineages may exist .
The present studies have examined the effects of M-CSF on potential signaling pathways involving expression of the jun and fos early response genes .
Inhibition of HIV-1 replication and NF-kappa B activity by cysteine and cysteine derivatives .
Further evidence that the action of dexamethasone was mediated through ligation of corticosteroid receptors human glucocorticoid receptors hGRs was provided by experiments utilizing the steroid antagonist RU-486 .
The c-Jun delta-domain inhibits neuroendocrine promoter activity in a DNA sequence- and pituitary-specific manner .
One of these activities was found to be a novel , less abundant , Rb-E2F complex .
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF induces immediate effects in monocytes by activation of the Janus kinase JAK2 and STAT transcription factor STAT5 pathway .
This yields a fusion transcript , , a transcription factor with reported dominant negative functions in the absence of hormone .
Polymyxin B abrogated only the response to LPS .
It has been thought that the virally induced inhibition of IFN-MCP is secondary to the shutdown of cellular macromolecular synthesis that accompanies cytopathic virus infections .
Phorbol activation was positively modulated by influx while TNF alpha activation was not .
In this report , we demonstrate that the supernatant from activated T-lymphocytes is able to induce the transcription of a potent cytokine , TGF-beta 2 in glial cells .
In comparison to K562 , nucleated erythroblasts from adult human bone marrow exhibited a similar but nonidentical pattern of nuclear factor binding in vivo at the HS-40 region .
Thus , tyrosine phosphorylation is an important and perhaps mandatory proximal step in the activation of the protein kinase C signaling cascade in human B-lymphocyte precursors .
Spi-B expression is very abundant in B cells and both Spi-B mRNA and protein are detected in some T cells .
The multimerized recognition motif of TCF-1 constituted a T cell-specific enhancer .
expression remained very low in nuclei of HIV1-infected macrophages .
However , most attention has been focused on lipopolysaccharide LPS .
Using deletion mutants , the downstream parathyroid hormone-related protein PTHrP promoter is shown to be responsive to both HTLV-I and HTLV-II Tax as well as the proto-oncogene .
In directing the synthesis of RNA through the intervening DNA and the gene by a tracking and transcription mechanism , the HS2 enhancer may i open up the chromatin structure of a gene domain and ii deliver enhancer binding proteins to the promoter sequence where they may stimulate the transcription of the gene at the cap site .
TCR signaling was triggered by treating Jurkat T cells with PHA or anti-CD3 Abs , and NF-kappaB activation was monitored by electrophoretic mobility shift assays by kappaB-dependent reporter assays .
Other cellular parameters , such as glycosidase activities , cytokine release , and filament expression , returned to levels similar to that observed in uninduced cells .
These results indicate that defective recruitment of NF-kappa B may underlie Nef negative transcriptional effects on the HIV-1 and interleukin 2 promoters .
The reaction is enhanced by incubation of the tumor cells for 30 min at 37 degrees C prior to fixation .
In addition , this proliferative parameter maintained prognostic significance when the patients were stratified according to lymph node involvement , menopausal status , and nuclear estrogen receptor content .
Alteration of structural order of human erythrocyte ghost membrane by glucocorticoids and the influence of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486 .
Nuclear factor of activated T cells NF-AT is a transcriptional activator involved in the induction of IL-2 gene expression .
Activated viral gene expression associated with phenotypic conversion of group I cell lines in to group II or III restores the Egr-1 gene expression .
We also show that platelet-activating factor from 10-LRB--12-RRB- to 10-LRB--6-RRB- M induced rapid and significant elevation in intracellular calcium levels , whereas lyso-platelet-activating factor was again ineffective .
The HTLV-I LTR contains three conserved regulatory elements known as 21 base pair repeats which are required for stimulation of gene expression by the transactivator protein tax .
The BAT box and Oct-2 were also implicated in the induction of CD20 in the pre-B cell line , PB-697 , via phorbol esters .
The nature of the nuclear factors involved in regulation of these cytokine genes is still unknown .
Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and the human immune system .
The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 posttranscriptional trans-activator Rex contains a nuclear export signal .
We have examined the effects of RA on normal hematopoiesis by using early hematopoietic progenitor cells HPC stringently purified from adult peripheral blood .
ROI appear to serve as messengers mediating directly or indirectly the release of the inhibitory subunit I kappa B from NF-kappa B .
We have studied the impact of gangliosides on the expression of TNF in blood monocytes and in the monocytic cell line Mono Mac 6 .
Rather , tyrosine phosphorylation was shown to be directly involved in mediating CD40-dependent signals .
In addition , p65 gave per se , with low affinity , a protein-DNA complex that migrated more slowly than native NF-GM2 complex .
After T cell activation , the phosphorylation of Rb results in the release of Elf-1 , which is correlated temporally with the activation of Elf-1-mediated transcription .
The numbers and binding affinities of these receptors could not account for the observed difference in the susceptibility of these cells to functional inhibition by dexamethasone in vitro .
During embryogenesis , the BSAP gene is transiently expressed in the mesencephalon and spinal cord with a spatial and temporal expression pattern that is distinct from that of other Pax genes in the developing central nervous system CNS .
Recombinant NFAT1 NFATp is regulated by calcineurin in T cells and mediates transcription of several cytokine genes .
The transcription factor HIV-TF1 , which binds to a region about 60 bp upstream from the enhancer of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 HIV-1 , was purified from human B cells .
In addition , we observed cell type-specific permissiveness to replication of some mutant viruses .
In human monocytes , the inhibitors of these phosphatases , okadaic acid and calyculin A , were found to increase the mRNA accumulation and cytokine production of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-1 alpha .
Transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 HIV-1 genome is regulated in part by cellular factors and is stimulated by activation of latently infected T cells .
Tumor samples , obtained from 129 patients who underwent surgery between January 1987 and December 1988 , were processed for staining by an immunohistochemical procedure avidin-biotin complex .
Induction by hemin increases , while induction with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate TPA represses , erythroid-specific gene expression in the human cell line K562 .
Nasal NK- and T-cell lymphomas share the same type of Epstein-Barr virus latency as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin disease .
Since C3a has been shown to induce PGE2 production by monocytes , and PGE2 has been shown to influence cytokine production , we investigated the potential role of PGE2 in C3a-mediated enhancement of LPS- and IL-1beta-induced IL-6 production .
Furthermore both childrens T cells were unable to produce the cytokines IL-2 , interferon-gamma IFN-gamma , IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNF-alpha .
Prostaglandin E2 induction of binding activity to CRE and AP-2 elements in human T lymphocytes .
Targeted degradation of c-Fos , but not v-Fos , by a phosphorylation-dependent signal on c-Jun .
These studies suggest that interaction of CD2 with natural ligand , LFA-3 , may play a role in regulation of HIV expression .
In all subjects , in addition , lymphocyte subsets were determined as an index of corticosteroid action .
Primer extension and nuclease S1 protection analysis revealed two major transcription initiation sites .
The data obtained demonstrate that phorbol ionophore A23187 combination induced a clearly higher nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B in neonatal than adult T cells .
The restricted pattern of SCL protein synthesis is consistent with the restricted expression of SCL mRNA documented previously .
The pAT 133 gene is immediately induced , with FOS-like kinetics , in human T cells and in fibroblasts .
BZLF 1 , transiently expressed in R7-57 reporter cells , was the only EBV trans-activator found , sufficient in inducing the viral lytic cycle .
Taken together , the findings of the present study are consistent with a role for NF-kappaB in the development of tolerance with respect to PMN adhesion , perhaps by transcriptional regulation of GTP-cyclohydrolase .
Oligonucleotide primers based on the murine sequence were used to construct a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay for gene expression .
Exposure of certain cell types to bacterial lipopolysaccharide LPS leads to activation of nuclear factor kappa B NF-kappa B , an inducible transcription factor .
The NK-kappa B transcription factor complex is sequestered in the cytoplasm by the inhibitory protein I kappa B-alpha MAD-3 .
TRAF3 is a negative modulator of LMP1-LRB-1-231-RRB--mediated NF-kappaB activation .
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed significant aldosterone binding at a molecular weight of approximately 50000 Dalton which was absent with 1 microM cold aldosterone , but not cortisol in the binding media .
We show here that in circulating monocytes , NF-Y binding activity is not detected on the CCAAT motif present in the promoters of genes such as major histocompatibility complex MHC class II , gp91-phox , mig , and fibronectin , whereas during macrophage differentiation , a progressive increase in NF-Y binding activity is observed on these promoters .
TSC2 is a gene on chromosome 16p13.3 associated with the autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder , tuberous sclerosis complex TSC .
In this study , we have attempted to determine whether c-fos expression is induced by radiotherapy in human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and to establish a possible correlation between c-fos expression and the therapeutic effects of radiation therapy .
Both TCDD and estradiol induce extrathymic T-cell differentiation in the liver .
In this work , we show that human peripheral blood T cells that are stimulated through the TCR and expanded with IL-2 are unresponsive to IFN-gamma , as determined by a lack of activation of jak kinases and the transcription factor , STAT1-LRB-alpha-RRB- , a signal transducer and activator of transcription .
Despite this lower affinity , a trimer of the BAT box sequence was as efficiently transactivated by an Oct-2 expression vector as was a trimer of the octamer sequence in HeLa cells .
These associations were found to be statistically significant .
We previously reported that human umbilical vein EC provide costimulatory signals to PHA-stimulated PBL via CD2:lymphocyte function-associated Ag-3 and an unidentified ligand pair , resulting in a three- to eight-fold enhancement of IL-2 production .
These findings are consistent with a model for Rex-mediated trans-activation in which Rex-viral mRNA complexes are targeted for nuclear export by the direct action of the activation domain .
The mean concentrations necessary to cause 50 inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation IC50s for the steroid-sensitive group ranged from 2 x 10-LRB--10-RRB- for budesonide to 7 x 10-LRB--8-RRB- for hydrocortisone , whereas the mean IC50s for the steroid-resistant group ranged from approximately 2 x 10-LRB--8-RRB- for budesonide to greater than 10-LRB--6-RRB- for hydrocortisone .
These findings may help in understanding the pathogenesis of the immunodeficiency that occurs with mutations of JAK3 and may suggest a mechanism for the pleiotropic effects of IL-4 .
results indicate that the AP-1 site at -150 bp represents a major , if not the only , site of PKC responsiveness in the IL-2 promoter .
Role of AP-1- and octamer-binding proteins in control of IL3 gene expression .
Glutathione-S-transferase GST -Grb2 fusion proteins have been used to identify the potential role of Grb2-binding proteins in platelet activation by the platelet low-affinity IgG receptor , Fc gamma RIIA .
We conclude that a different set of proteins recognize IL-2 and IL-4 genes .
Since T cells normally express Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL following activation , inability to block Fas-mediated apoptosis may allow for the elimination of self-reactive cells and the appropriate regulation of immune responses .
Association of the newly synthesized I kappa B alpha with p65 restores intracellular inhibition of NF-kappa B DNA binding activity and prolongs the survival of this labile inhibitor .
Calcium dependent activation of the NF-AT transcription factor by p59fyn .
Here we demonstrate complete correlation between the expression pattern of the CD19 gene and the B-cell-specific transcription factor BSAP in a large panel of B-lymphoid cell lines .
TSH-R expression levels were variable , but displayed a close correlation to the expression of thyroid peroxidase r 0.703 ; P 0.05 , thyroglobulin r 0.817 ; P 0.01 , and the nuclear oncogene c-fos r 0.935 ; P 0.001 , but not c-myc .
The interaction of the Oct2 transcription factor with the cognate octamer motif ATGCAAAT is a critical determinant of the lymphoid-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes .
A protein of the AP-1 family is a component of nuclear factor of activated T cells .
This observation supports a model , in which promoter selectivity reflects the selectively increased antiproliferative effect of VD analogues .
In this study we investigated the mechanisms whereby anti-CD2 antibodies stimulate viral production .
The data are discussed with regard to potential clinical relevance for gastroenterology .
The forms produced in B lymphocytes have a predominantly activating effect on gene expression whereas those produced in neuronal cells have a predominantly inhibitory effect and can repress the expression of both the herpes simplex virus immediate-early genes and the cellular tyrosine hydroxylase gene .
Retinoic acid RA and 1,25 alpha-dihydroxycholecalciferol VitD3 are potent regulators of hematopoletic differentiation .
The glutamine-rich activation domain present in the amino-terminal portion of Oct2 and the POU domain contribute only marginally to the transactivation function from a distal position .
1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate TPA interact synergistically to induce monocytic differentiation of U937 histiocytic lymphoma cells .
A serum response element and a binding site for NF-Y mediate the serum response of the human thrombospondin 1 gene .
Enhanced NF-kappa B binding activity is followed by functional activation in that inducibility of the IL-2 receptor alpha chain is mediated by enhanced NF-kappa B binding and that a heterologous promoter containing the NF-kappa B consensus sequence -291 to -245 of the IL-2 receptor alpha chain gene is activated .
Both inhibitors inhibited monocyte chemotactic activity in the culture supernatant of P-LPS-treated cells .
TPA induction inhibits the binding of the lineage limited transcription factor NF-E2 to this transcriptional control element .
lymphocytes , at both polyclonal and clonal level , recognized peptide in an HLA-DR--restricted fashion on presentation by autologous antigen-presenting cell APC or by APC expressing the HLA-DR11 restricting molecule .
The sequence between -1.7 and -0.2 kb linked to a heterologous thymidine kinase promoter failed to respond to PRL stimulation , suggesting that the activity of upstream PRL response elements may require an interaction with promoter-proximal elements .
In this study , we characterize an essential upstream IL-2 response element that contains both consensus and non-consensus GAS motifs , two putative Ets binding sites EBS , one of which overlaps the consensus GAS motif , and a GATA motif , which overlaps the non-consensus GAS motif .
PU.1 is expressed at high levels in B cells , mast cells , megakaryocytes , macrophages , neutrophils , and immature erythroid cells and at lower levels in mature erythrocytes .
In previous studies , we identified calcineurin mutations that block binding by the cyclophilin or complexes and thereby render yeast cells resistant to the antifungal effects of CsA or FK506 .
Afternoon ACTH and cortisol concentrations did not differ significantly between the three groups .
A novel primer extension method to detect the number of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene in families with X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy .
Although the CRE site is necessary , optimal induction of bcl-2 expression requires participation of the upstream regulatory element , suggesting that phosphorylation of CREB alters interaction with the upstream regulatory element .
Recombinant NFAT1 can mediate transcription of the interleukin-2 , interleukin-4 , tumor necrosis factor alpha , and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoters in T cells , suggesting that NFAT1 contributes to the CsA-sensitive transcription of these genes during the immune response .
The first results of continuous blood pressure measurements with a noninvasive , real-time blood pressure monitor Finapres are presented .
In chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays , utilizing the transient transfection of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter plasmid containing the IL-6 gene promoter , IL-4 , but not IL-10 , suppressed the transcriptional activity of the IL-6 gene promoter stimulated by PMA and LPS .
When expressed in Jurkat T cells , recombinant NFAT1 is regulated , as expected , by the calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin , and function is inhibited by the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A CsA .
The partial cDNA encodes a protein which is homologous to the C-terminal 196 amino acids of the 36-kDa transcription factor , YB-1 .
We have observed that the R24 mAb stimulates T cell proliferation , cytotoxicity , and surface marker expression of IL-2R alpha-chain , IL-2R beta-chain , HLA-DR , CD11a , and CD11c .
In the present study , analysis of the interleukin-2 IL-2 gene activation shows that naive human helper T cells cord blood T cells , adult T cells regulate IL-2 transcription by a mechanism involving both a silencer and an activator acting on the purine-rich IL-2 promoter elements NF-AT binding sites .
PBL constitutively express c-jun transcripts , and the level of c-jun mRNA is not altered by PHA activation in the absence or presence of EC .
The combined data lend additional support to the proposal that spirochetal lipoproteins and LPS initiate monocyte activation via different cell surface events but that the signaling pathways ultimately converge to produce qualitatively similar cellular responses .
Control peptides corresponding to the normal pml and RAR alpha proteins were not recognized .
Thus , HTLV-I Tax , HTLV-II Tax , and c-jun transactivate PTHrP and may contribute to the pathogenesis of hypercalcemia in adult T-cell leukemia .
Moreover , platelet-activating factor was capable of inducing transcription of the nuclear proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun .
The cDNA clone encodes a new isoform , NFATc.beta , of the NFAT gene family member NFATc designated here NFATc.alpha .
Additionally , Nef expressing cells were transiently transfected with a plasmid in which HIV-1 AP-1 DNA recognition sequences were cloned downstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase CAT gene .
We now report that EC costimulation causes increased levels of IL-2 mRNA as a result of increased IL-2 transcription in PBL .
We have isolated cDNA clones of myeloid differentiation primary response MyD genes , activated in the absence of de novo protein synthesis following induction for differentiation along either the macrophage or granulocyte lineage in human myeloblastic leukemia HL-60 cells .
Characterization of HB24 expression in lymphoid and select developing tissues was performed by in situ hybridization .
These observations establish the importance of different signal transducing pathways leading to CD40 activation of B lymphocytes .
Cortisone-resistant bronchial asthma
Moreover , cAMP activators did not activate NF-kappa B in Jurkat cells .
Positive and negative regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression by a novel B-cell-specific enhancer element .
Charybdotoxin-sensitive , membrane potential changes are not involved in human T or B cell activation and proliferation .
The A site in the 21 bp repeat has strong homology with previously described binding sites for the transcription factor AP-2 .
There was no detectable binding of in vitro translated heterodimer AP-1 to the NF-AT sequence , and the NF-AT sequence was unable to inhibit the binding of to the AP-1 sequence .
Nuclear association of a T-cell transcription factor blocked by FK-506 and cyclosporin A see comments
Studies of cell lines representing endocrine , fibroblast , and lymphoid lineages using polyclonal antisera to detect E2A proteins have suggested that significant E2A protein expression is restricted to B-lymphocytes .
Both drugs dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced TF and TNF-alpha synthesis at the mRNA and the protein level , and reduced PGE2 production .
Using amino acid sequence information derived from the DNA affinity-purified protein , we have now isolated cDNA clones encoding TCF-1 alpha .
Nonhuman primates are naturally infected with a B-lymphotropic herpesvirus closely related to Epstein-Barr virus EBV .
Association with the precursors is sufficient for cytoplasmic retention of either p65 or c-Rel , both of which are otherwise nuclear .
Furthermore , P-LPS-induced expression of the MCP-1 gene in the cells also was blocked by inhibitors of two transcription factors , i.e. , curcumin , an inhibitor of AP-1 , and pyrolidine dithiocarbamate , an inhibitor of NF-kappaB .
We report here that interleukin 2 IL-2 acts on human blood monocytes by enhancing binding activity of the transcription factor NF-kappa B to consensus sequence in the regulatory enhancer region of the IL-2 receptor alpha chain p55 .
Moreover , Elf-1 is the only factor present in activated T-cell nuclear extracts that binds to these sites in electrophoretic mobility shift assays .
We report two patients with transient pseudohypoaldosteronism due to obstructive renal disease .
To study the transcription factor requirement in B-cells , different U2 enhancer constructions were transfected into the lymphoid cell line , BJA-B .
The number of GR in MNL from these patients was significantly decreased one month after the initiation of prednisolone therapy .
These differences in expression of FOS and FOSB suggest different roles and regulation .
This factor is composed of a DNA-binding protein ISGF3 gamma , which normally is present in the cytoplasm , and other IFN-alpha-activated proteins which preexist as latent cytoplasmic precursors ISGF3 alpha .
In human leukocytes , the peak value of GR was found to parallel that of plasma cortisol with high and low values detected at 04:00-08:00 h and 23:00-24:00 h , respectively .
By Northern blot analysis , DM caused a comparable decrease in IL-2R alpha and in IL-2R beta mRNA levels to membrane receptor expression in mitogen-stimulated T cells .
These inhibitory effects of c-Rel correlate with DNA-binding activity but not with ability to heterodimerize with p50 , suggesting that c-Rel inhibition involves competition with for occupancy of the kappa B enhancer element .
Northern blot analysis revealed in these cells , an increase in the transcription of these two proto-oncogenes , and this increase was amplified after treatment with phorbol myristate acetate .
The results demonstrate that physiologic concentrations of all three of these agents inhibit the anti-CD3 mAb-induced proliferation of T cells .
Studies were also performed with an revertant line that has regained partial sensitivity to vincristine .
The BCL6 gene encodes a 95-kDa protein containing six C-terminal zinc-finger motifs and an N-terminal POZ domain , suggesting that it may function as a transcription factor .
Using these drugs as probes , chemists and biologists have uncovered several intracellular signalling molecules bridging the generation of second-messenger ions and the transcriptional activation of IL-2 , among which are calmodulin , calcineurin and the nuclear factor of activated T cells NF-AT .
In this paper we have investigated the role of Egr-1 in B cell growth regulation by examining the gene expression in a panel of B cell lines , including both EBV genome negative and EBV carrying cell lines .
Loss of heterozygosity in PB granulocytes would be masked by the presence of significant numbers of normal granulocytes not derived from the malignant clone .
To further reduce the size of the common deleted region we have searched for small deletions or mitotic recombination events , neither of which would be detected by conventional cytogenetics .
In summary , the expression of E1A gene products inhibited IFN-MCP independently of virus infection .
Eicosanoids in breast cancer patients before and after mastectomy .
Interleukin-10 IL-10 , like IL-4 , is known to inhibit cytokine expression in activated human monocytes .
The results demonstrate that the simultaneous activation of PKC and elevation of cAMP leads to an enhanced AP-1 transcriptional activity in a T-leukemia cell line , suggesting that the previously observed interaction between the parallel signal transduction pathways may have functional consequences at the level of gene transcription .
We investigated the upstream regulatory elements of the human IL-4 promoter .
Improvement in urinary protein excretion and in disease activity , which was scored according to the SLE Disease Activity Index system of the University of Toronto , closely related to the glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in MNL isolated from the corresponding patients .
Retinoic acid treatment of irradiated mice enhanced granulocyte recovery .
When cells were treated with IL-4 for 5 hours before LPS activation , both the c-fos and the c-jun mRNA expression was decreased .
Two stable B cell lines were established : R59Z activator cells were used to induce lytic EBV expression in a constitutive manner by the production of the BZLF 1 trans-activator Zta .
Cloning of a human homeobox gene that resembles a diverged Drosophila homeobox gene and is expressed in activated lymphocytes .
This inhibition of calcium-activated IE gene induction was reversed by treatment with cyclosporin A , suggesting the involvement of calcineurin in this regulation .
Analysis of the p50 and p65 subunits of the NF-kappa B transcription factor complex has revealed that both proteins can interact with related DNA sequences through either homo- or heterodimer formation .
The former two substances interact with T cells via the glucocorticoid and beta-adrenergic receptors respectively .
Further examination of this system has shown that the inhibition of HSV-1 replication by the antiviral drug acyclovir does not inhibit HSV-1-mediated induction of HIV-1 provirus .
The p65 subunit of NF-kappa B regulates I kappa B by two distinct mechanisms .
Studies of pluripotent islet cultures .
Here we describe an alternative approach , based on in vitro stimulation with epitope peptide-loaded dendritic cells DCs , which allows one to probe the CTL repertoire for any individual reactivity of choice ; this method proved significantly more efficient than stimulation with peptide alone .
We now report the identification of a cDNA clone 15B-7 , from a Jurkat expression library , that binds specifically to the DRE 1 regulatory sequence .
Murine and human TCF-1 displayed a 95.5 overall amino acid homology .
These results demonstrate that Rb interacts specifically with a lineage-restricted Ets transcription factor .
Oct-2 mRNA levels and both Oct-2 and NF-kappa B proteins in nuclear extracts were not altered by treatment with TGF-beta .
All cell lines examined in this group also expressed 1,25-LRB-OH-RRB-2D3 receptors .
In patients infiltration of c-fos-positive lymphocytes into tumor tissues were moderate or remarkable at 4 Gy of radiotherapy , the tumors responded significantly well to radiation therapy P 0.025 , chi2 test , and the patients took a significantly favorable clinical course P 0.05 , chi2 test .
On the first day of the disease , glucocorticoid receptor capacity was significantly decreased without alteration of the receptor-ligand affinity , whereas on days 4 and 12 the number of receptor sites was normal again .
The PML gene is fused to the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene RAR alpha in the acute promyelocytic leukemia APL 15 ; 17 translocation .
A 2-bp mutation within the CBF site resulted in a 2-3-fold decrease in the activities of both a 69-bp proximal promoter fragment and a 627-bp full-length promoter fragment .
Using purified recombinant p50 , p65 , and c-Rel proteins , optimal DNA-binding motifs were selected from a pool of random oligonucleotides .
This absence of binding was localized to the NF-kappa B region of the HIV-1 enhancer ; the 65-kDa plus 50-kDa NF-kappa B heterodimer was preferentially lost .
E3 transcripts were RA-inducible in HL60 cells , but not in an RA-resistant subclone , HL60R , that harbors a mutated RAR alpha gene .
Nuclear factor kappa B activates proenkephalin transcription in T lymphocytes .
No correlation between chromosome 1 alterations and nuclear grade , age , size , lymph-node involvement , hormonal receptor presence , proliferation activity or p53 protein expression was detected .
In vitro translated hGR was indistinguishable from native hGR , as determined by migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels , sedimentation on sucrose density gradients , and reactivity with antipeptide antibodies generated against hGR .
We investigated the pattern of tal-1 expression in purified human hematopoietic cells by in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis .
Abnormality of Oct-1 DNA binding in T cells from Sjogren syndrome patients .
Mammal pyruvate kinases are encoded by two genes .
This phenomenon , which is independent of tumour necrosis factor , is associated with HIV replication , and is thus likely to explain at least in part the perpetuation of HIV infection in monocytes .
As described by Jun Liu , these drugs manifest effects in an unprecedented fashion .
Since APL cells do not express HLA class II molecules , we tested in two donors D.E. and C.H.R. and in patients S.R. and P.G. whether the use of 9-mer peptides would generate a class I-restricted response .
The anti-oxidative effect of BHA was accompanied by an increase in thiol , but not glutathione , content in stimulated and unstimulated T cell , whereas TNF stimulation itself barely modified the cellular thiol level .
No unifying hypothesis has yet emerged explaining this collection of data .
One enigmatic aspect of GATA factor expression is that several GATA proteins , which ostensibly share the same DNA-binding site specificity , are coexpressed in erythroid cells .
Transient expression of NFATc.beta was capable of activating an interleukin-2 NFAT-driven reporter gene in stimulated Jurkat cells in a CsA-sensitive manner .
We investigated the clinical significance of glucocorticoid receptor determination in 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SLE who afterwards developed nephrotic syndrome .
However , the transcription and synthesis of interleukin 2 and other delayed early cytokines were markedly attenuated by BCL-2 .
Different modes , like chemical induction , lytic superinfection with EBV and single gene trans-activation converted the recombinant ori Lyt element in R7-57 reporter cells .
Notably , we do not see particularly strong transcription when the immunoglobulin kappa enhancer or the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer is used to activate a kappa gene promoter .
Potent gene regulatory and antiproliferative activities of 20-methyl analogues of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 .
Cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibit T- and B-cell activation and other processes essential to an effective immune response .
1,25-LRB-OH-RRB-2D3 is therefore one of the most potent regulators of HIV-1 replication described to date .
Importantly , two previously characterized mutants with point mutations in Tax , M32 Y196A , K197S and M41 H287A , P288S , which were shown to be defective in Tax-activated transcription were unable to interact with TFIIA in this assay .
Addition of KCl resulted in less DNA binding either due to blockage of DNA-receptor complex formation or disruption of the complexes .
Thus , the 55 kd TNFR plays a decisive role in the host defense against microorganisms and pathogenic factors
Members of this group have three tetraproline repeats .
Ectopic expression of cloned Oct2 cDNA was shown to be sufficient to reconstitute at least some aspects of this regulation in non-lymphoid cells .
We used phenolic , lipid-soluble , chain-breaking antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole BHA , nordihydroquairetic acid , or alpha-tocopherol vitamin E to show that peroxyl radical scavenging in unstimulated and PMA- or TNF-stimulated cells blocks the functions depending on NF-kappa B activation .
It also bound to the purine-rich CD3R element from the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat , which is required for inducible virus expression in response to signalling through the T-cell receptor .
We conclude that different domains of the pp56-LRB-lck-RRB- molecule contribute to regulate distinct biologic functions .
Furthermore , GcR were unaltered after these patients received ketoconazole , in spite of a marked reduction in morning plasma cortisol and urinary free cortisol .
The binding protein s that recognize the P sequence of the IL-4 gene were identified by DNA-mobility-shift assays .
In JM T cells , tax induced LT-293 activity by two- to four-fold , though there was no induction of M1-CAT .
Once we identify the functional domains of the GATA-binding proteins , we hope to learn what proteins GATA-1 binds to in the basic transcription machinery or in chromatin .
REV LTRs work efficiently in human lymphoid cells , and are viable alternatives to promoters commonly used for expression of cloned genes .
The immunosuppressants ciclosporin and FK506 block the signal-transduction pathway emanating from the T-cell receptor , thereby inhibiting the activation of helper T cells .
TSC2 messenger RNA was widely expressed in various cell types throughout the body , including epithelia , lymphocytes , and cells with endocrine functions , e.g. , adrenal cortex and anterior pituitary .
While this expectation may be realized in some cases , we have not found evidence for it .
We present evidence that induction of neutrophil binding by LPS is actually suppressed by agents that elevated cAMP levels .
Interleukin-3 expression by activated T cells involves an inducible , T-cell-specific factor and an octamer binding protein .
Viruses containing the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early enhancer exhibited infectious kinetics similar to that of wild-type HIV in activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and AA2 cells but replicated less efficiently in H9 and CEM cells .
p52 and RelB were detected in the nuclei in both and cells from the T cell area , whereas p50 was found only in CD68- and CD1a- cells .
Hydrochlorothiazide therapy resulted in life-threatening hypokalemia .
Nuclear factor kappa B , a mediator of lipopolysaccharide effects .
Oct-2 was found in and T cells prepared from human peripheral blood and in mouse lymph node T cells .
Therefore , we conclude that IL-4 and IL-10 inhibit IL-6 production by different mechanisms in human monocytic cell lines .
Northern blot analysis showed that C3a as well as C3a desArg enhanced LPS-induced mRNA levels for IL-6 .
activators are required for HIV-1 replication and proviral induction in monocytic cell lines .
IL-2 transcription seems to be controlled solely by the transition from inactive to active functional state of a positive transcription factor binding to these promoter elements as well as cytoplasmic or nuclear location : in resting memory T cells the activator is located in the cytoplasm and is inactive , whereas in stimulated cells it is functional in promoting transcription and now resides in the nucleus .
The v-erb A protein has sustained two amino acid alterations within DNA-binding domain relative to that of c-erb A , one of which , at serine 61 , is known to be important for v-erb A function in the neoplastic cell .
In human monocytes , interleukin 1beta protein production and steady state mRNA levels are increased in response to lipopolysaccharide , predominantly as a result of increased transcription of the interleukin 1beta gene .
Imbalanced expression of the glucocorticoid receptor isoforms in cultured lymphocytes from a patient with systemic glucocorticoid resistance and chronic lymphocytic leukemia .
Thymocytes , activated peripheral T lymphocytes , or an activated T-cell clone were used as human partners , respectively , in three independent fusions .
The findings presented here link an atheogenic lipoprotein , LDL , with the induction of an adhesion molecule important in atherogenesis
c-jun mRNA levels were superinduced in cells treated with both okadaic acid and cycloheximide , whereas inhibition of protein synthesis had little , if any , effect on okadaic acid-induced c-jun transcription .
HIV-1 harboring mutations within two sites were crippled in ability to replicate in U937 promonocytic cells , indicating that these sites are required for replication .
The approach was further extended to cell separation by the efficient recovery and elution of human CD37 B lymphocytes from peripheral blood .
Transient overexpression of hTAFII105 selectively squelches the transcription of some genes in B cells .
Previous studies have suggested that gangliosides have an important role in cell signaling and recognition .
Both NK- and T-cell subtypes are closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus EBV .
This decrease was seen in patients who responded to the therapy as well as in those who did not .
In the present study , corticosteroid Type I and Type II receptors in mononuclear leukocytes were measured in 10 elderly subjects and in 9 young adults , before and after overnight DST 1 mg .
Other studies have demonstrated that TPA-induced monocytic differentiation and expression of the c-jun and c-fos genes in myeloid leukemia cells are regulated by protein kinase C PKC .
Constitutive nuclear appearance was also observed for .
To determine the E1A domain s responsible for these properties several cell lines were created by transforming baby rat kidney BRK cells with a set of plasmids expressing different hybrid E1A gene products .
Activation of Stat 5b in erythroid progenitors correlates with the ability of ErbB to induce sustained cell proliferation .
A chimeric type II type I interleukin-1 receptor can mediate interleukin-1 induction of gene expression in T cells .
In contrast to inhibitory effects on cytokine expression , GCS up-regulate cytokine receptor expression that correlates with enhanced cytokine effects on target cells .
The translated protein showed weak DNA binding with a specificity for the kappa B binding motif .
Treatment of Jurkat cells with mAb J393 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of specific protein substrates that underwent hyperphosphorylation upon antigen receptor costimulation .
The effect appeared within 30 min and returned to basal levels after 2 h .
These factors are detected at the time the CD11b promoter is activated .
There were two main goals : 1 to evaluate whether workers with a moderately increased burden 25-140 ppt TCDD or 104-522 ppt I-TE in blood fat exhibit changes in the surface receptors of white blood cells , as observed in previous studies in non-human primates , and 2 to clarify whether persons at the upper range 10-23 ppt TCDD or 30-90 ppt I-TE in blood fat of the body burden reference values of a not particularly exposed population show detectable deviations in these immunological variables , when compared with persons at the lower and medium range 1-3 ppt TCDD or 9-29 ppt I-TE of these body burden reference values .
Cyclosporin A CsA and FK506 rescued B104 cells from death induced by anti-IgM Ab , but did not affect the expression of Egr-1 and c-fos mRNA , showing that CsA and FK506 affect signal transducers differently from or downstream to these molecules .
Signaling via IL-2 and IL-4 in JAK3-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency lymphocytes : JAK3-dependent and independent pathways .
1 . The purpose of these studies was to investigate the modulation of the proliferation of human T cells obtained from peripheral blood by dexamethasone DEX , isoproterenol ISO , and prostaglandin E2 PGE2 .
As the NF-kappa B transcription factor has a central role in the control of transcription of several genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses , the authors have analysed the activation of NF-kappa B in human umbilical cord T lymphocytes .
Bcd mRNA transcripts of or 2.6 kb were selectively expressed in PBL and testis of healthy individuals .
In this review , we summarize the current state of knowledge of the mechanism of action of GCS , including the phenomenon of steroid-induced rebound , which ensues upon GCS withdrawal .
The activity of the CCAAT-box binding factor NF-Y is modulated through the regulated expression of A subunit during monocyte to macrophage differentiation : regulation of tissue-specific genes through a ubiquitous transcription factor .
Early buds are characterized by a branching morphogenesis of the ductal epithelium from which endocrine and exocrine precursor cells bud to eventually form the two other compartments .
Substantial decreases of IL-2 production were observed for cell cultures from 7 of 12 elderly individuals in response to the different stimuli , whereas the levels of IL-2 produced by stimulated T cells from other elderly individuals were equivalent to those observed for stimulated T cells of young subjects .
Half-maximal induction of GR mRNA and protein in 6TG1.1 cells was observed between 10-100 nM dexamethasone , and inclusion of 1 microM RU 38486 completely blocked the effects of 100 nM dexamethasone , demonstrating that positive autoregulation of GR expression in 6TG1.1 cells is a receptor-mediated response .
Taken together , results suggest that OCA-B is a tissue- , promoter- , and factor-specific coactivator and that OCA-B may be a major determinant for B cell-specific activation of immunoglobulin promoters .
Constitutive binding of further factor proteins to DNA , such as JunD , c-Fos and FosB , was detected in several patients whereas the localisation and DNA binding of other factors such as c-Jun , and c-Rel was unaltered .
A clone of U937 cells was selected which expressed Fc receptor I Fc gamma RI and which , after incubation with IFN-gamma for 72 h , was capable of generating high levels of lucigenin-enhanced CL .
Different amounts of the various isoforms are present within the same B-cell regardless of the developmental stage of B-cell differentiation and at least some of the isoforms are conserved between mouse and humans .
These blast cells express lineage-specific transcription factors such as GATA-1 common to these lineages and frequently express erythroid-specific mRNAs such as gamma-globin and erythroid delta-aminolevulinate synthase ALAS-E , indicating that most of the blasts in M7 and TMD cases have erythroid and megakaryocytic phenotypes .
The structural classes of transcription factors are described and basic methods for detection and analysis of transcription factors are detailed .
Overexpression of the p50 , p65 and Rel proteins in these cells showed that significant activation of the IL-2R alpha kappa B site was observed only with Rel and Rel plus p65 .
Three molecular clones of HIV-1 , derived from a single isolate AL1 , exhibited distinct replicative and cytopathic properties during propagation in a human T cell line .
Okadaic acid was found to be a potent inducer of AP1 .
It is assumed that pp56-LRB-lck-RRB- acts on these processes by phosphorylating substrates .
Instead , ATF-2 and Jun proteins bind to the composite kappa site and NFATp binds to a newly identified second NFAT site centered at -76 nucleotides relative to the TNF-alpha transcription start site .
When endothelial cells are incubated with this lipoprotein in pathophysiologic amounts , the cells are activated .
LPS binding to plasma membrane receptors and internalization of LPS into monocytes were not affected by lysoPC .
The kappa B sequence GGGACTTTCC binds a factor , NF-kappa B , that is constitutively found in functional , DNA binding form only in B lymphocytes .
We have isolated TFIIH from cells derived from a patient XP11BE who carries this frameshift mutation TFIIHmut and from the mother of this patient TFIIHwt to determine the biochemical consequences of the mutation .
Activation of T cells results in a cascade of gene activation and subsequent proliferation and differentiation into effector phenotypes .
These findings provide direct in vivo evidence to strongly suggest that the modulation of X1 and X2 interactions is an important constituent of the interferon gamma induction pathway .
One of the factors bound to a novel dyad symmetrical sequence .
Recent work has shown that IL-10 induces activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway .
Subsequently binding sites have been demonstrated in the plasma membrane of human lymphocytes which show pharmacological aldosterone specificity and kinetic high turnover properties identical with those of the rapid aldosterone effects in the same cells .
TCF-1 contained a single DNA-binding HMG box most closely related to similar boxes in the putative mammalian sex-determining gene SRY and in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mc mating type gene .
The biochemical modifications responsible for the defect in transduction and execution of the proliferative signal are analyzed as a function of age .
Moreover , using a heterologous promoter herpes thymidine kinase construct containing the NF-kappa B consensus sequence , it is shown that NF-kappa B binding by an IL-2-induced monocyte-derived nuclear protein confers reporter gene human growth hormone activity .
This study determined if the Ad5-induced inhibition of IFN-MCP was independent of adenovirus Ad infection and secondary only to the expression of the Ad early region 1A gene E1A .
Analysis of a series of showed several peaks of basal and PMA induced activity suggesting the presence of several positive and negative regulatory elements .
Thus , this work presents the first detailed analysis of a naturally occurring mutation in a basal transcription factor and supports the concept that the combined clinical entity is actually the result of a combined deficiency .
Cortivazol is a phenylpyrazolo glucocorticoid of high potency and unusual structure .
This indicated that the dUTPase is expressed during EBV replication and reactivation .
We have therefore investigated the changes in protein kinase C PKC activity upon exposure of monocytes to M-CSF .
These studies suggest that , by inhibiting AP-1 activation , Nef may play a role in regulating HIV-1 gene expression in infected T-cells
As a consequence , the immune response developed in senescent organisms is usually inappropriate , often inefficient , sometimes aberrant , and potentially detrimental .
The regulatory mechanisms of the human and murine TNF genes are discussed .
Furthermore , we present a new principle for searching Ag for potential amphipatic alpha-helical protein segments .
Mobility shift assays showed that the CLE0 sequence has an AP1-binding site and is associated with an NF-AT-like factor , termed NF-CLE0 gamma .
Two homologues of the rhombotin gene have now been isolated .
Together , this evidence strongly implicates BSAP in the regulation of the CD19 gene .
The numbers of estrogen receptor ER in human peripheral leucocytes in 22 women with climacteric syndrome were measured by radioligand method .
Changes in leucocytic estrogen receptor levels in patients with climacteric syndrome and therapeutic effect of liuwei dihuang pills
The 70 kDa heat shock protein Hsp70 is a highly conserved , ubiquitous protein involved in chaperoning proteins to various cellular organelles .
The first male patient presented with mild hypertension .
The endocrine events that are rapidly expressed seconds are due to a possible interaction with cellular membrane .
Elevated cAMP did not prevent nuclear translocation of and heterodimers , decrease nuclear translocation of p65 , or significantly modify TNFalpha-induced phosphorylation of p65 .
To analyze the regulatory mechanisms controlling p27Kip1 gene expression , we characterized the region from nt -1609 to .
Various modes of basic helix-loop-helix protein-mediated regulation of murine leukemia virus transcription in lymphoid cell lines .
In contrast , Spi-B is expressed exclusively in lymphoid cells and can be detected in early fetal thymus and spleen .
Whereas the hypercalcemic effect for ZK157202 is also increased 10-fold , ZK161422 has the same calcium-mobilizing potency as VD .
The responses of lymphocytes to IL-2 and IL-12 , involving proliferation , differentiation , and cytokine production , are only partially overlapping , and may depend on induced differential expression of specific sets of genes .
Serial sectioning of 6 micrometer was performed using a cryostat , and samples were immunohistochemically stained using the streptoavidin-biotin peroxidase method and a monoclonal antibody against c-fos .
Following irradiation , transgenic mice , as compared with controls , more rapidly depressed peripheral white blood cell and granulocyte counts .
Furthermore , an inverse relationship was also observed between the LDL receptor gene expression at the transcriptional level and the binding affinity of this 47 kDa protein factor to the SRE sequence .
We studied the effect of interleukin-4 IL-4 on the lipopolysaccharide LPS induction of two immediate early genes c-fos and c-jun .
A similar half-life was determined in IM-9 cells and was also unaffected by steroid treatment .
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I HTLV-I is the etiologic agent of the adult T-cell leukemia , an aggressive and often fatal malignancy of activated human CD4 T cells .
A novel HIV-1 isolate containing alterations affecting the NF-kappa B element .
TCF-1 alpha is currently unique among the newly emerging family of DNA-binding regulatory proteins that share the HMG motif in that it is a highly tissue-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor .
DNA-binding assays with cotranslated wild-type and truncated forms of EBF indicated that the protein interacts with site as a homodimer .
This phenomenon has been termed tolerance .
Direct exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin TCDD increases infectivity of human erythrocytes to a malarial parasite .
Northern analysis using a probe encompassing a common region of both isoforms showed two mRNA species of 2.7 and 4.5 kilobase pairs , while an NFATc.beta-specific probe detected only the 4.5-kilobase pair mRNA which was preferentially expressed in the spleen .
The rhombotin family of cysteine-rich LIM-domain oncogenes : distinct members are involved in T-cell translocations to human chromosomes 11p15 and 11p13 .
c-myc did not correlate with c-fos and c-jun protein expression .
Fas-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in regulating the immune response in peripheral T cells .
Importantly , culture of MM cells with RB antisense , but not RB sense , oligonucleotide ODN triggered IL-6 secretion and proliferation in MM cells ; however , proliferation was only partially inhibited by neutralizing anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody MoAb .
Antigen receptor signals could be mimicked by suboptimal activation of protein kinase C PKC with phorbol esters in combination with calcium mobilization by an ionophore .
The P sequence does not share homology with the upstream sequence of the IL-2 gene , even though surrounding sequences of the IL-4 gene share high homology with the IL-2 gene .
An amino-terminal fragment of OCA-B binds the octamer site in the absence of a POU domain with the same sequence specificity .
The GS strain transactivated the promoter in both stimulated and resting T cells , while the Z29 strain increased HIV promoter activity only in stimulated T cells .
In contrast , the human T cell line , IARC 301 , expresses these two genes constitutively and we have previously demonstrated that growth depends on the autocrine production of this T cell growth factor and high affinity IL-2R .
However , longer periods of incubation were associated with a return to the distribution of PKC in control cells .
Reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat elements are efficient promoters in cells of various species and tissue origin , including human lymphoid cells .
Currently it is accepted the existence of a cytoplasmic nuclear receptor , without explaining satisfactorily how the hormones come to the nucleus .
Infection of target cells with cytopathic viruses inhibits IFN induction of cytolytic resistance to NK cell-mediated cytolysis IFN-mediated cytoprotection IFN-MCP .
We show that ATRA directly activates IRF-1 gene expression , followed by activation of IRF-2 and oligoadenylate synthetase OAS gene expression with slower kinetics .
Here we demonstrate that the human monocytic M-CSF receptor promoter directs reporter gene activity in a tissue-specific fashion .
Except for PGF2 alpha , HHT and 15-HETE no detectable quantities of eicosanoids were found in the non-tumor material , whereas in the malignant tumor material substantial quantities of a number of eicosanoid metabolites were present .
This study examines the regions of the HIV promoter required for HHV-6 transactivation in a heterogeneous population of primary human T lymphocytes with or without antigenic stimulation .
Biomarkers included DNA ploidy , estrogen receptor ER , and epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR .
Protective effects of notch-1 on TCR-induced apoptosis .
We previously showed that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF and macrophage colony-stimulating factor M-CSF stimulate the differentiation of human monocytes into two phenotypically distinct types of macrophages .
For the study of the changes in plasma interleukin-1 IL-1 and possible relationship with the changes in glucocorticoid receptor GR , plasma IL-1 and GR in peripheral blood leukocytes in aged long-distance runner were measured simultaneously .
Enhanced IL-2 transcription correlates with increased c-fos synthesis and increased Fos content of AP-1 .
In clonogenetic fetal calf serum-supplemented or -nonsupplemented FCS- culture treated with saturating levels of interleukin-3 IL-3 granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor GM-CSF and erythropoietin Ep combined with c-kit ligand in FCS-LRB---RRB--culture conditions , RA induces a dramatic dose-dependent shift from erythroid to granulomonocytic colony formation , the latter colonies being essentially represented by granulocytic clones .
However , simultaneous incubation of RU 486 with dexamethasone caused a distinct interference of RU 486 with dexamethasone .
Proliferation index as a prognostic marker in breast cancer .
The differentiating effects of the other C-11 analogs on human promyeloid leukemia cells HL-60 agreed well with bone-resorbing activity and receptor affinity , but they demonstrated lower calcemic effects in vivo .
These results can not be explained by receptor down-regulation due to higher level of mineralocorticoids of the zona glomerulosa .
This result indicates the involvement of either a B-cell-specific cofactor or a specific modification of a cofactor or the Oct2 protein in Oct2-mediated enhancer activation .
Cyclosporin A CsA and FK506 inhibit the production of IL-2 in T lymphocytes at the level of gene transcription .
NF-kappa B binding activity was inducible by tumor necrosis factor and phorbol myristate acetate in PLB-985 .
Defective translocation of protein kinase C in multidrug-resistant HL-60 cells confers a reversible loss of phorbol ester-induced monocytic differentiation .
Furthermore , a significant decrease in the switch from the membrane forms of mu and gamma to respective secreted forms was noted in the presence of TGF-beta .
A transcript of the ALAS IRE , mutated in the conserved loop of the IRE , did not readily form this protein-RNA complex .
Binding of HIV-TF1 to the HIV long terminal repeat LTR activated transcription from the HIV promoter in vitro .
Here we examined the activation of NF-kB in human T cell thymic progenitors .
Because of cell type-specific alternative messenger RNA splicing , B-cell Fc gamma RII contains an insertion of 47 amino acids that participates in determining receptor function in these cells .
We have identified two adjacent cis-acting regulatory elements , both of which are part of an Alu repeat .
We then generated new donor T-cell clones .
Therefore , the high radiosensitivity of squamous cell carcinomas in samples could be explained by an overexpression of c-fos in the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes induced by small doses of radiation therapy , and these activated lymphocytes exerted a cytotoxic effect against the cancer cells .
Analysis of cytosolic extracts indicated that NF-kappa B levels were increased in HIV-infected cells .
In human histiocytic U937 cells mRNA of clone pAT 133 was constitutively expressed , whereas mRNA of pAT was induced upon induction of terminal differentiation .
The genes and mechanisms that control programmed cell death are currently the subject of intense study .
Tyrosines 113 , 128 , and 145 of SLP-76 are required for optimal augmentation of NFAT promoter activity .
In contrast to the decrease in GR mRNA seen in IM-9 cells after treatment with 1 microM dexamethasone for 16-18 h , treatment of 6TG1.1 cells resulted in an 8-fold increase in GR mRNA , as determined by Northern blot and RNase protection analysis , with a corresponding 3- to 4-fold increase in GR protein .
Unlike classical NFkappaB sites , neither the SNE nor the SEE motif responded to phosphatase inhibition by okadaic acid .
While one of the twins was clinically affected , the other was asymptomatic .
Another component of the AP-1 transcription complex , JunB , is shown to inhibit activation mediated by JunD .
Expression of Bcl-xL and adenovirus E1B 19K did not interfere with anti-Fas killing .
The promoter of the major histocompatibility class II gene DRA contains an octamer element ATTTGCAT that is required for efficient DRA expression in B cells .
ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
It is becoming increasingly apparent that NF-kappa B plays a critical role in regulating the inflammatory response .
S107 plasmacytoma cells , which express CD40 but are defective for the nuclear appearance of , do not express RelB after CD40 stimulation .
Interleukin 6-induced differentiation of a human B cell line into IgM-secreting plasma cells is mediated by c-fos .
Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer is not dependent on NFAT-1 .
In one patient , transient reduction of aldosterone receptors could be documented , while in the second patient the clinical and biochemical parameters were consistent with transient pseudohypoaldosteronism .
In the human leukemic cells studied here , the ability to induce CD8 antigen expression in a cells correlates with the ability to induce cell lysis in a glucocorticoid receptor positive cell population .
Corticosteroids are the preeminent antiinflammatory agents although the molecular mechanisms that impart efficacy have not been defined .
Finally , RNA from activated lymphocytes was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers flanking the 196 base pair long region encoding the DNA-binding domain of the human intestinal receptor .
Concerning tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes , the rate of moderate or remarkable grades of c-fos-positive lymphocytes before radiotherapy and at radiation doses of 4 , 10 , and 20 Gy was 8.0 , 29.2 , 4.8 , and 0 , respectively .
In each cohort there was only one case with a negative reaction of the primary tumor and a positive reaction with the isolated tumor cells from the pleural effusions .
When human monocytes were preincubated with dexamethasone for 1 hour and then stimulated either with bacterial lipopolysaccharide or phorbol myristate , it was found that dexamethasone inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-1 beta protein production , but the phorbol myristate-induced production was increased 3-10 fold .
In GH4C1 pituitary cells , T3SO4 failed to displace -LCB-125I-RCB-T3 from nuclear receptors in intact cells or soluble preparations .
Signal transduction through tyrosine kinase activation may lead to altered gene expression , as ligation prompted decreases in the nuclear localization of the transcriptional regulatory protein NF-kappaB and proteins binding the interferon-inducible regulatory element .
Sjogren syndrome SS is characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates of exocrine glands , remarkable B cell hyperreactivity and a strong predisposition to B cell neoplasia .
Remarkably , the expression of both genes is downmodulated during erythroid and megakaryocytic terminal maturation .
Unexpectedly , in vivo studies also demonstrate that I kappa binds directly to NF-kappa B p50 .
Rheumatoid arthritis is a multistep disorder associated with autoimmune features of yet unknown etiology .
Furthermore , a truncated form of NFAT1 acts as a dominant-negative , reducing IL-4 promoter activity in primed CD4 T cells and confirming the importance of endogenous NFAT to increased IL-4 gene expression by effector T cells .
Few known genes IL-2 , members of the IL-8 family , interferon-gamma are induced in T cells only through the combined effect of phorbol myristic acetate PMA and a , and expression of only these genes can be fully suppressed by Cyclosporin A CyA .
Activation of T lymphocytes induces an NF-kappa B-like binding activity to the B2 site , concomitant with activation of the proenkephalin promoter .
Gel retardation assays , using a 32P-probe containing the HIV-1 NF-kB probe and nuclear extracts from PMA-treated cells , showed significantly reduced induction of nuclear NF-kB binding proteins in these two subclones compared with wild type CEM and a control subclone .
Severe combined immunodeficiency due to defective binding of the nuclear factor of activated T cells in T lymphocytes of two male siblings .
In these studies , we have identified DNA sequences and specific protein interactions necessary for transcriptional regulation of the human prointerleukin 1 beta proIL-1 beta gene .
The closest match to the known SP-1 consensus sequence within the respective region is a TCCCCTCCCCT motif .
An attempt was also undertaken to use a cell harvester for the separation of cells from unbound ligand .
Hypothetically , switches of lineage-restricted transactivators may underlie the binary fate decisions of hematopoietic progenitors .
However , in either EL-4 T cells or S194 cells , both lower-affinity sites can be significantly induced by the tax gene product of human T-cell leukemia virus type I , showing that NF-kappa B activity can be modulated even in a B-cell line that constitutively expresses this factor .
In contrast , NF-kappa B p50 alone fails to stimulate kappa B-directed transcription , and based on prior in vitro studies , is not directly regulated by I kappa B .
Analogs of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha,25--LRB-OH-RRB- 2D3 with substitutions on C-11 were synthesized .
The lymphocyte-specific immunoglobulin mu heavy-chain gene intronic enhancer is regulated by multiple nuclear factors .
Specific nuclear translocation of was found to be time dependent reaching a maximum of approximately 2100 binding after 3 h of incubation in HL60 cells , whereas a maximum of approximately 310 binding was found after 3 h in PBL .
Group C , adenovirus serotype 5 Ad5 infection inhibits both IFN-MCP and cellular protein synthesis .
These results demonstrate that CD40 , like sIg , may employ PKC in producing select outcomes , that individual B cell receptors may signal downstream events via both PKC-dependent and PKC-independent pathways , and that multiple signal transduction pathways may be used to activate the expression of closely related genes .
The c-rel protooncogene product represses NF-kappa B p65-mediated transcriptional activation of the long terminal repeat of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus .
As with egr-3 , expression of egr-2 was blocked by cyclosporin A .
Furthermore , we discuss recent advances that have led to a better understanding of how cytokines elicit intracellular responses , as well as role in normal lymphoid development .
The transcription factor as well as the closely related factor Spi-B bound to the PU-box in B-cells .
T cell priming enhances IL-4 gene expression by increasing nuclear factor of activated T cells .
Similarly , interferons could act on APL cells , alone or in combination with all-trans retinoic acid RA , especially if the alpha fusion transcript that results from the t-LRB-15; 17-RRB- is induced by interferon .
The induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of p80c-rel was unique to G-CSF in that granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor which also stimulates neutrophils and induces tyrosine phosphorylation does not result in tyrosine phosphorylation of p80c-rel .
Furthermore , overexpression and constitutive nuclear localization of NF-AT , but not Jun , Fos , NF-kappaB , Oct or Ets family members , renders the interleukin-2 enhancer in Jurkat T lymphocytes resistant to FK506 and cyclosporin A .
The viral transcriptional pattern similar to that of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin disease suggests that EBV can exploit common regulatory mechanisms for gene transcription in diverse host cell types .
The type I interleukin-1 receptor IL-1R is capable of transducing a signal resulting in promoter activation in T cells .
Pleural effusions from 20 patients with breast cancer were tested .
Productive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 infection causes sustained NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity in chronically infected monocytic cells .
Interferon gamma induces class II expression in this glioblastoma cell line and , in parallel , up-regulates X1 and X2 box protein-DNA interactions , while all other interactions remain unchanged .
EL-4 cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the IL-2 promoter and enhancer region linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase CAT reporter gene .
Cloning and characterization of NF-ATc and NF-ATp : the cytoplasmic components of NF-AT .
We report here a simple and rapid strategy to detect the precise number of the CAGs .
Transfection of an expression vector containing ORF2 but not full length cDNA was able to transform NIH3T3 cells and induce tumors in nude mice .
Alternative mechanisms include the possibility that NF-ATc operates on some cytoplasmic anchor or that other proteins that are controlled by calcineurin carry out the nuclear import of NF-ATc .
We report here that PML is expressed at low levels or not expressed in normal circulating human monocytes , lymphocytes , and polymorphonucleate cells , but is markedly induced by interferon ; that PML and alpha expression is augmented by interferon in the NB4 APL cell line , which carries the t-LRB-15; 17-RRB- , and in APL blasts from patients ; that interferon inhibits growth and survival of NB4 APL cells in cooperation with RA ; that interferons alone have minimal maturation effect on NB4 cells ; and , finally , that interferon gamma , but not alpha or beta , induces maturation and growth suppression of NB4 cells with de novo retinoid resistance , and partially restores RA response .
Radiolabeled complexes of nuclei isolated from cells exposed for 3 h to radiolabeled hormone -- in contrast to identical experiments with intact cells -- did not disappear from the nuclear compartment upon incubation of nuclei with identical concentrations of the unlabeled compound .
Peptide vaccination can lead to enhanced tumor growth through specific T-cell tolerance induction .
In contrast to MEL cells , however , K562 cells acquired a macrophage-like morphology and exhibited a complete failure to generate benzidine-positive cells .
The loss of proliferative potential in response to antigenic challenge is a characteristic feature of immune senescence .
Nuclear run-on experiments demonstrated decreased transcription of kappa L chain .
A sequence is also present in the cytoplasmic domain of the Hodgkin disease marker , CD30 , and binds TRAF3 in vitro .
We show that in S194 plasma cells the activity of each element correlates well with the relative affinity of B-cell-derived NF-kappa B for that element .
CD3-epsilon expression is controlled by a downstream T lymphocyte-specific enhancer element .
Finally , we show that one of the isoforms encodes the previously described lymphoid-specific Oct2B protein which has been suggested to be involved in the function of the octamer motif in the context of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain IgH enhancer .
Inhibition of HIV-1 latency reactivation by dehydroepiandrosterone DHEA and an analog of DHEA .
The SS Oct-1 DNA-binding abnormality correlated significantly with an inability of cells to exit the cell cycle phase when stimulated in vitro .
Except for a 4-hour advancement of the peak , a similar circadian rhythm of hepatic GR was detected in rats reared under a reversed lighting regimen 12D : 12L ; lights on between 18:30 and 06:30 h .
Here we report that this interference is cell specific , as TPA augmented dexamethasone-induced transcriptional activation of the MMTV LTR in several T cell lines but was inhibitory in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts .
This signal transduction is dependent on the cytoplasmic domain , which consists of 213 amino acids .
The results obtained suggest that two Ad12 E1A domains are required to induce resistance of the cell lines to NK cells .
results therefore show that allele loss on chromosome 20q in polycythemia vera does not commonly involve mitotic recombination or chromosome loss and that microsatellite instability is a rare event in this disorder .
These data are the first to define the molecular weight of the membrane receptor for aldosterone .
Antisera to Fos inhibits NF-AT DNA binding as does an oligonucleotide containing a binding site for AP1 .
Using reverse-transcription PCR differential display , we isolated an mRNA species expressed in IL-2- but not IL-12-stimulated NK cells .
HIV1 infection of human monocytes and macrophages promotes induction or translocation of NF-KB-related factors .
Moreover , when introduced into murine pro-B lymphocytes , the oncogenic E2A-HLF fusion protein reversed both interleukin-3-dependent and p53-mediated apoptosis .
The rules of assembly of the cognate ligands of TF , namely the zymogen plasma factors VII and the serine protease factor VIIa , with the soluble surface domain of TF in free solution , in the presence of phospholipid surfaces and cell surface and of the anchored TF molecule have been described .
Instead , regulation of activation involved a region of the cytoplasmic domain common to both the lymphocyte and macrophage receptor isoforms .
The glucocorticoid receptor levels in mononuclear leukocytes correlated with those in polymorphonuclear leukocytes , and there was a linear relationship between the cellular glucocorticoid receptor levels and glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of the uptake of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose in mononuclear leukocytes .
CsA was found not to inhibit lck gene expression , nor the activity of the lck gene product .
Plasma cortisol and aldosterone levels and number of related receptors in mononuclear leukocytes were measured in 49 healthy aged subjects 62-97 yr and in 21 adult controls 21-50 yr .
No such increase was observed in control U937 cells .
Pregnancy-induced hypertension PIH is a frequent cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality .
The functional significance of c-Rel involvement in the CD28-responsive complex is demonstrated by transient transfection analysis , where cotransfection of c-Rel augments the level of expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene linked to the CD28-responsive element .
The prevalence of aneuploidy and overexpressed EGFR was significantly higher in the high risk women than in the 25 low risk controls p 0.002 , median 10 year Gail risk was 0.7 .
This dispersed localization of a group of functionally related gene provides insights into the molecular mechanism of human genome evolution and possible involvement in human diseases .
Indomethacin blocked PGE2 release , but had no influence on the observed effects of C3a , suggesting that the effects of C3a on IL-6 production are independent of PGE2 formation by monocytes .
Neither deletion of NF kappa B nor deletion of NFAT-1 decreased activation of viral replication by phorbol ester .
Deletion of the glucocorticoid response elements located at ca. bp -850 upstream of Cp did not result in a significant loss in activity .
These results suggest that CN is involved in the coordinated induction of the GM-CSF and IL-2 genes and that the CLE0 sequence of the GM-CSF gene is a functional analogue of the NF-AT-binding site in the IL-2 promoter , which mediates signals downstream of T cell activation .
Abnormalities of p16 , p15 and CDK4 genes in recurrent malignant astrocytomas .
Lymphocytes from patients who have received anti-estrogen therapy show similar enhancement of Ig-secreting cells after PWM stimulation .
However , DCoH did not confer transcriptional activation to the GAL4 DNA binding domain .
Molecular genetic characterization of the variant allele can serve as a primary tool for diagnosis and subsequent therapy , and can provide a basis for distinguishing heterozygous carriers in familial androgen resistance .
Treatment of the mature B-cell line BAL-17 with either anti-immunoglobulin M or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate leads to an increase in bcl-2 expression that is mediated by the CRE site .
The apparent high frequency of IL-12-nonresponsive Th cells within the allergen-specific populations in atopic patients predicts a limited skewing potential of IL-12 in the case of established Th2 responses , but only affecting newly recruited naive Th cells .
Serum response factor SRF binds to a site adjacent to the NF-kappa B site in the IL-2R enhancer , and both sites together have strong transcriptional activity specifically in T cells .
These ROI-induced effects can , to a large extent , be attributed to the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB .
Defective transcription of the IL-2 gene is associated with impaired expression of c-Fos , FosB , and JunB in anergic T helper 1 cells .
After a 2-day incubation in LDL , the binding of NF-kappa B , which is believed to be a key oxidative-stress sensor for VCAM regulation , remains at basal level .
Looking at highly purified gangliosides , GD3 , GD1a , GM3 , GM2 , and GM1 were all effective in reducing TNF production in PBMC , and in Mono Mac 6 by factor 10 to 50 .
MAbs against the dUTPase reacted with a protein of approximately 31 kDa in 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate TPA -stimulated B cells harbouring either type 1 or type 2 EBV .
Using this assay system , we have evaluated the contributions of ligand binding and heat activation to DNA binding by these glucocorticoid receptors .
We have defined the mechanisms of transactivation by NFAT1 .
Nuclear factor of activated T cells contains Fos and Jun .
Increased Stat1 and Stat3 mRNA and protein levels were detected , respectively 4 and 24 h after activation .
However , mutation of the AP-1 site markedly diminished both the basal and PMA-activated promoter activity .
Ductal cells were obtained via random fine needle aspirations and cytologically classified .
Although identical in composition and stoichiometry to TFIIHwt , TFIIHmut shows a reduced XPB helicase activity .
Functional studies in extrarenal , non-epithelial cells such as smooth muscle cells and more recently circulating human lymphocytes have provided increasing evidence that aldosterone produces not only classical genomic effects , but also rapid , non-genomic effects on transmembrane electrolyte movements .
However , while HUVECs contained endothelial NOS protein , no inducible NOS was detected in either tolerant or nontolerant cells .
We demonstrated that the virus dUTPase isolated from EBV-infected cells is a phosphoprotein .
This HIV-mediated mechanism results in a self-perpetuating loop of NF-kappa B production .
Kappa B kappa B enhancer binding proteins isolated from the nuclei of activated human T cells produce two distinct nucleoprotein complexes when incubated with the kappa B element from the interleukin-2 receptor-alpha IL-2R alpha gene .
In addition , analysis of EBV protein expression by IH revealed a heterogeneous pattern of EBV gene expression at the single-cell level consisting of both and LMP1- tumour cells , suggesting a mixture of latency I and II .
Thus , select genetic aberrations in the apoptotic pathway reveal a cell autonomous coregulation of activation .
In this study the effect of anti-estrogen toremifene therapy on serum immunoglobulin IgA , IgM , IgG levels in breast cancer patients was investigated .
Although absent in nonexpressing erythroleukemia cell lines , the DNase I site is present in uninduced myelomonocytic cell lines and is not changed after PMA induction .
Mildly oxLDLs 50 and 100 decreased the number of lymphoblasts and the level of IL-2 concentration in the culture supernatants after activation of lymphocytes by phytohaemagglutinin and .
Resting monocytes contained nuclear factors binding to the AP-1 element , but stimulation of monocytes with LTB4 induced greater AP-1-binding activity of nuclear proteins .
The elevation in intracellular calcium that is induced by interactions at the antigen receptor leads to the activation of the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin .
These findings may have important implications for the design of alternative treatment approaches for recalcitrant asthma .
Increased proliferation , cytotoxicity , and gene expression after stimulation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes through a surface ganglioside GD3 published erratum appears in J Immunol 1994 Jul 15 ; 153 2 : 910
Analysis of the accumulation of mRNA-encoding members of the AP-1 transcription factor family demonstrated that c-fos and junB are also expressed upon stimulation of NK and T cells with IL-2 , but not IL-12 , whereas expression of c-jun and junD is not modified by either cytokine .
These findings are the first to demonstrate membrane binding of aldosterone being compatible with major aspects of nongenomic effects .
Acute promyelocytic leukemia APL is a specific type of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by the morphology of the blast cells , a specific t-LRB-15;17-RRB- translocation , and risks of definite coagulopathy .
We tested the necessity for appropriate spatial alignment of these elements by using mutated enhancers with altered spacings .
To examine the mechanisms by which salicylates affect cytokine gene transcription , the amount of active and inactive NF-kappa B and NF-kappa B mRNA , in Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytic cells was assessed .
It is directly implicated in the emergence of the age-related immune deficiency .
Multiple prolactin-responsive elements mediate G1 and S phase expression of the interferon regulatory factor-1 gene .
Abnormalities of retinoblastoma protein pRB and mutations of RB gene have been reported in up to 70 of MM patients and 80 of MM-derived cell lines .
In light of the evidence showing physical and functional interactions between Oct factors and OCA-B , we propose a mechanism of action for OCA-B and discuss the implications of OCA-B for the transcriptional regulation of other tissue-specific promoters .
In contrast , neither the RA-stimulated , RARE-mediated transcription nor the induced RAR-beta expression was suppressed by VitD3 , suggesting that VitD3 selectively inhibited the retinoid-induced differentiation program but not the RARE-mediated signal .
Such a diverse pathway of monocyte differentiation may constitute one of the basic mechanisms of immune regulation .
Role of Egr-2 in up-regulation of Fas ligand in normal T cells and aberrant double-negative lpr and gld T cells .
This activation differed substantially from that mediated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate PMA and ionophore or produced by costimulation with antibodies against the T cell receptor-CD3 complex and to CD28 .
Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Southwestern blotting experiments were used to detect the binding of cellular transactivation factor NF-KB to the double repeat-KB enhancer sequence located in the long terminal repeat .
E3 transcripts are present in the myeloid , B-lymphoid , and erythroid lineages , absent in nonhematopoietic cells , and encode a highly hydrophobic , potentially phosphorylated polypeptide of unknown function with significant homology to a putative protein expressed in myeloid cells .
Expression of the human interleukin-2 IL-2 receptor alpha chain gene is potently upregulated by own ligand , IL-2 .
We demonstrate that , in normal human T cells , an AP-1 protein is a component of the NF-AT protein complex .
These results demonstrate a complex role for VitD3 in modifying the retinoid differentiation pathway and may have implications for differentiation-inducing therapy of hematopoietic tumors .
In order to inquire into the functional state of adrenal cortex in patients with pulmonary heart disease , the number of glucocorticoid receptors GCR of peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease was determined with radioligand-binding assay and the corresponding plasma cortisol levels were assessed with radioimmune assays .
We propose that direct interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor-kappa B factors is at least a partial explanation for the effects of this hormone in inflammatory diseases .
This rise is due to increased mRNA stability , which increased by almost twofold , and to an overall increase in transcription , which rises by more than sixfold .
A fragment extending from -643 to is capable of controlling the tissue-specific expression of the CAT gene in transfection experiments .
We studied glucocorticosteroid receptor density and affinity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the glucocorticosteroid binding assay in 33 patients with SLE who had taken no glucocorticosteroid for the previous 6 months and in 32 healthy controls .
In THP-1 cells , TPA also induced a new , faster-migrating NF kappa B species not induced in monocytes .
Clinical remissions induced with all-trans retinoic acid RA treatment in acute promyelocytic leukemia are linked to expression in leukemic cells .
The results show for the first time that a DNA-binding protein can be used for affinity purification of fusion proteins as exemplified by the specific and gentle recovery of beta-galactosidase and alkaline phosphatase from bacterial lysates using immunomagnetic separation .
I kappa masks the nuclear localization signal of NF-kappa B p65 and requires the transactivation domain to inhibit NF-kappa B p65 DNA binding .
We have shown that the Z gene product , which binds to AP-1 sites as a homodimer and has sequence similarity to c-Fos , can efficiently activate the EBV early promoter , BMRF1 , in certain cell types i.e. , HeLa cells but not others i.e. , Jurkat cells .
The data indicate that decrease of ER levels in cell may involve in the pathogenesis of climacteric syndrome .
They are composed of different structural domains , including distinct domains for DNA and ligand binding .
Mobility shift assays showed that addition of anti-AIM mAb to PMA-treated T lymphocytes markedly enhanced the binding activity of AP-1 to cognate sequence , the phorbol ester response element .
Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase CAT assays using the HIV-1 -139 long terminal repeat-CAT construct showed no PMA induction of CAT activity in these subclones unlike the parental line and other subclones .
Stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by zinc and related cations .
Nevertheless , the molecular mechanisms involved in BA-induced differentiation remain largely unknown .
Both canrenone and cortisol were inactive as ligands up to concentrations of 0.1 microM .
Gel shift mobility assay showed stimulation of the AP-1 and NF-kappaB contents in P-LPS-treated cells .
However , this apparent lack of response to the secosterol can be overcome by stimulation of B lymphocytes with a combination of these cellular activation signals , which are sufficient to lead to G1 cell cycle progression .
The proximal sequence element PSE -binding transcription factor PTF , which binds the PSE of both RNA polymerase II- and RNA polymerase III-transcribed mammalian small nuclear RNA snRNA genes , is essential for transcription .
Stimulation of T cells with antigen results in activation of several kinases , including protein kinase C PKC , that may mediate the later induction of activation-related genes .
The use of the protein tyrosine kinase PTK -specific inhibitor herbimycin A dramatically decreased cellular proliferation without altering the activity of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 long terminal repeat HIV-1 LTR , a promoter largely dependent on the binding of nuclear factor kappa B NF- kappa B .
PMA induction increases the level of a number of specific binding complexes relative to the resting cells .
Problems of antihypertensive therapy are discussed and the first results of a pilot study with Urapidil are presented .
Several methods for specific down-regulation of transcription factors are shown that may be relevant to treatment of human disease .
Proliferation in response to TG was observed in T cells from only 1 of 5 Hashimoto patients .
The B family of transcription factors is composed of two distinct subgroups , proteins that undergo proteolytic processing and contain repeats in carboxyl termini p105 , p98 , and those without such repeats that do not require processing p65 , c-Rel , RelB , and Dorsal .
Class II antigen expressing T-cell lines maintained contacts identical to B-cell lines , while class II-negative T-cell lines exhibited no interactions .
In particular , a high-affinity BSAP-binding site instead of a TATA sequence is located in the -30 promoter region upstream of a cluster of heterogeneous transcription start sites .
This event is associated with induction of the c-jun early response gene and appearance of a monocytic phenotype .
Endothelial cells EC act as APC for resting PBL in vitro , and may have important roles in vivo in the pathogenesis of allograft rejection and delayed hypersensitivity .
The results define the rhombotin gene family as a class of T-cell oncogenes with duplicated cysteine-rich LIM domains .
Thus , p65 and I kappa B are linked in an autoregulatory loop , ensuring that NF-kappa B is held in the cytoplasm until cells are specifically induced to translocate it to the nucleus .
Agonist dexamethasone was slightly more effective in supporting specific DNA binding than antagonist RU486 .
For these reasons , the region of the GPIIb gene was used to identify the regions that interact with DNA-binding nuclear factors .
This defect was localized to T cells and reverted to normal after 48 h in culture media .
The protein Bcl-3 contains seven so-called ankyrin repeats .
Previous reports have shown that BA-induced overexpression of erythroid genes occurred at the transcriptional level , suggesting the involvement of erythroid transcription factors .
In contrast , mutations in the AP-1 site located at -150 bp almost completely abrogate induction of the IL-2 promoter , and appearance of an inducible nuclear factor binding to this site is sensitive to PKC depletion .
Finally , TFIIA facilitates Tax transactivation in vitro and in vivo .
In each case the allele loss was caused by an interstitial deletion because heterozygosity at distal markers was retained and because quantitative Southern blotting demonstrated hemizygosity .
TF antigen expression as elicited by LPS was also lowered by lysoPC .
Interestingly , T3 strongly enhanced the action of RA , suggesting cooperative action of the two receptors in modulating erythroid differentiation .
However , compared to VD , antiproliferative effect is up to 30-fold higher on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and even up to 300-fold higher on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells .
A 21.4-kb DNA clone , pZVB70 , showed the highest transactivating ability , while two other DNA fragments , pZVB10 6.2 kb and pZVH14 8.7 kb , showed lower activity .
Inhibition of transcription factor Stat1 activity in mononuclear cell cultures and T cells by the cyclic AMP signaling pathway .
The active nuclear form of the NF-kappa B transcription factor complex is composed of two DNA binding subunits , NF-kappa B p65 and NF-kappa B p50 , both of which share extensive N-terminal sequence homology with the v-rel oncogene product .
Using Western blot analysis with a monoclonal antibody recognizing a 17-amino acid epitope of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 1,25-LRB-OH-RRB-2D3 receptor , we have detected two crossreacting proteins in activated normal human lymphocytes .
The number of glucocorticoid receptors was 63 greater in the morning and 26 greater in the afternoon in the patients with PTSD than in the normal subjects .
However , Nef does not affect the DNA-binding activity of other transcription factors implicated in HIV-1 regulation , including SP-1 , USF , URS , and NF-AT .
Pentoxifylline for the treatment of infection with human immunodeficiency virus .
Here , Stuart Schreiber and Gerald Crabtree review recent findings that indicate CsA and FK506 operate as prodrugs : they bind endogenous intracellular receptors , the immunophilins , and the resulting complex targets the protein phosphatase , calcineurin , to exert the immunosuppressive effect .
IL-4 did not affect the stability of the c-fos and c-jun transcripts .
Since LPS and anti-IgM were unable to activate RelB , CD40 appears to trigger a special program of gene expression involved in the proliferation differentiation of B lymphocytes .
We further show that subdominant latent cycle reactivities to epitopes in the latent membrane protein LMP2 , though rarely undetectable in LCL-stimulated populations , can be reactivated by DC stimulation and selectively expanded as polyclonal CTL lines ; the adoptive transfer of such preparations may be of value in targeting certain EBV-positive malignancies .
SCL protein production was examined in a variety of hemopoietic cell lines by immunoblotting using specific polyclonal antisera .
Epithelial cells are the major site of lytic EBV replication within the human host , and viral reactivation occurs in EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinomas .
Unstimulated and T cells constitutively contained high levels of two proteins that bound to the FLRE .
Characterization of the murine cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene p27Kip1 .
Preincubation of endothelial cells with endotoxin lipopolysaccharide LPS , 1 led to a 4-fold increase in subsequent adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes P 0.0001 , n 10 to endothelial cells , an increase that was markedly attenuated when endothelial cells were treated with dexamethasone IC50 1 nM , P 0.0001 , n 6 or 7 during preincubation with LPS .
Circular permutation and phasing analyses demonstrated that PU.1 binding but not TFE3 or Ets-1 bends mu enhancer DNA toward the major groove .
We find that in the absence of EKLF , while human beta-globin expression is dramatically reduced , gamma-globin transcripts are elevated approximately 5-fold .
In the cell types tested , the LS mutations indicated an apparent requirement not only for the intact NF-kappa B and SP1-binding sites but also for several regions between -201 and -130 not previously associated with viral infectivity .
binds to the response element by monomer or heterodimer with retinoid X receptor RXR .
The data presented below indicate that Notch-1 expression provides significant protection to T cell lines from TCR-mediated apoptosis .
This protein-DNA complex comigrated with the complex obtained with the purified human p65 NF-kappa B subunit and binding was inhibited by I kappa B-alpha and -beta proteins .
Gangliosides appear to act at an early step of activation in that TNF transcripts were reduced and the mobilization of the nuclear factor kappa B was blocked .
Surprisingly , although stimulation of Jurkat T cells with either CHO-CD80 or anti-CD28 mAb resulted in robust tyrosine phosphorylation of CD28 itself , ligation with CHO-CD86 was unable to induce detectable CD28 tyrosyl phosphorylation over a range of stimulation conditions .
Later , the expression of the BSAP gene shifts to the fetal liver where it correlates with the onset of B lymphopoiesis .
Within this region , single AP-2- and AP-1-like consensus sequences were noted .
The effect is mediated by the NF-kappa B transcription factor which is potently and rapidly activated by an H2O2 treatment of cells from inactive cytoplasmic form .
However , neither TNF or LPS stimulated VCAM-1 expression in HUAECs .
Terminal differentiation of the leukemic cell lines U-937 and HL-60 by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate is accompanied by marked changes in gene expression .
The transcriptional activity of the NFAT binding site is mediated by a complex comprising a member of the NFAT group and AP-1 family proteins .
Thus , each factor may function as a novel negative regulator of transcription .
Therapy with dexamethasone was successful in female patients with acne and hirsutism , as the secondary increase in the production of adrenal androgens was effectively controlled .
The use of interferon-gamma-treated U937 cells in chemiluminescence assays to detect red cell , platelet and granulocyte antibodies of potential clinical significance .
Taken together , data demonstrate that TNF gene expression in monocytes induced by different types of stimuli can be blocked by gangliosides at an early step of signal transduction .
This effect required surface expression of the CD45 PTPase and was not observed in CD45-deficient variants of Jurkat cells .
The transcription and transformation activity of c-Jun is governed by a 27-amino acid regulatory motif , labeled the delta-domain , which is deleted in v-Jun .
Together , these data suggest that EBF represents a novel regulator of B lymphocyte-specific gene expression .
Similar DNA binding activity was detected in a variety of virus-uninfected human T cell lines and HeLa cells by means of a gel mobility shift assay .
Optimal activation of T cells requires at least two signals .
However , a minority of LYSP100 nuclear dots exactly colocalized with PML and SP100 .
and related genes constitute a family and the family consists of three subtypes , named nur77 alpha , nur77 beta , nur77 gamma .
We term the LYSP100 structures LANDs , for LYSP100-associated nuclear domains .
Cell cycle analysis of E2F in primary human T cells reveals novel E2F complexes and biochemically distinct forms of free E2F .
Human peripheral blood monocytes Mo constitutively display the beta-chain of the receptor for IL-2 , whereas expression of the IL-2R alpha-chain is not constitutive but inducible with IL-2 .
Suppression of c-jun by antisense oligonucleotides inhibits cell adhesion but not respiratory burst during phorbol ester-induced differentiation of U937 human monoblastic cells .
LTB4 increased the expression of the c-fos gene in a time- and concentration-dependent manner .
As expected , nearly all control mice 94.4 survived irradiation , yet this irradiation was lethal to 45.8 of transgenic mice .
Because the GATA-1 gene is known to transactivate several genes specific for the erythroid , megakaryocytic , and lineages , we studied GATA-1 expression in these purified hematopoietic cells .
Reduced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of ethyl-methanesulfonate-treated CEM subclones correlates with a blockade in protein kinase C signaling pathway .
METHOD : They measured the number of lymphocyte cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors and plasma cortisol concentrations in 15 consecutively admitted male combat Vietnam veterans with PTSD and in a normal comparison group of 11 subjects .
The SCMV SNE sites contain potential overlapping core recognition binding motifs for SRF , , ETS , and YY1 class transcription factors but fail to respond to either serum or tumor necrosis factor alpha .
Here we show that the response of the HIV-1 LTR may be governed by two independent sequences located to the site of transcription initiation sequences that bind either NFAT-1 or NF kappa B .
METHOD .
The expression of tissue factor TF , the principal initiator of coagulation , is increased during inflammation and atherosclerosis .
These data suggest that NF-kappa B may be an important molecular mediator of Pb-induced immunotoxicity .
Aldosterone-specific membrane receptors and rapid non-genomic actions of mineralocorticoids .
Cells with nuclear p50 were negative for the CD38 , CD20 and CD2 markers .
The constitutive transcription factor SP1 was unaffected by addition of TPA .
In agreement with this finding , both the IL-2 and IL-2-R alpha promoters are active in transient transfection assays in IARC 301 cells .
External stimuli , including those that activate T cells , result in nuclear translocation of active NF-kappa B .
The development of functionally responsive T cells .
Stronger c-myc mRNA expression was detected in labial salivary glands of patients with longer disease duration p less than or equal to 0.002 and more intense T lymphocyte infiltrates p less than 0.05 although these patients revealed no hypergammaglobulinemia .
We observed no change in membrane structural order with RU 486 up to a concentration of 10-LRB--4-RRB- M .
Moreover , kappa 1 - kappa 3 can each be deleted from the TNF-alpha promoter with little effect on the gene inducibility by PMA .
DNA sequence homology of E1A genes between different Ad groups group A , Ad12 ; group C , Ad5 is limited almost entirely to three conserved regions located within the first exon of E1A .
The positive region can be divided into an upstream and a downstream regulatory region .
DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes of six patients from five families with various degrees of androgen insensitivity was studied .
These species showed different cell cycle kinetics .
The NB4 cell line , which is derived from the bone marrow of a patient with APL during relapse , can be used as a model system to study the growth and differentiation of APL cells .
Resting T-cell nuclear extracts contained homodimer .
A region upstream to the first exon , and highly conserved between mouse and man , acts as an erythroid specific enhancer in transient assays , if linked to the GATA-1 or to the SV40 promoter .
We show that JAK2 kinase is rapidly phosphorylated and activated in response to IL-13 .
Human tumor necrosis factor alpha gene regulation in phorbol ester stimulated T and B cell lines .
Further studies indicated that inhibition of GTP-cyclohydrolase I an enzyme involved in de novo synthesis of an important cofactor for NOS activity , tetrahydrobiopterin prevented the generation of NO in cells .
Changes in plasma interleukin-1 and possible relationship with the changes in glucocorticoid receptor in aged long-distance runner
These studies have been extended to show that i a mutant EBV strain lacking the gene encoding EBNA 2 fails to switch from Wp to Cp usage in primary B lymphocytes , although the virus contains a functional Cp ; ii a region from -429 to -245 base pairs upstream of Cp is essential for Cp activity in B lymphocytes , but only in the context of upstream and downstream sequences ; iii this region contains an EBNA 2-dependent enhancer ; and iv DNase I protection employing nuclear extracts from B and T lymphocytes revealed a B-cell-specific footprint in the region of the EBNA 2-dependent enhancer .
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein inhibits NF-kappa B induction in human T cells .
Purified human peripheral T cells or Jurkat T cells were stimulated with Chinese hamster ovary CHO cells expressing either human CD80 CHO-CD80 or human CD86 CHO-CD86 or with anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody mAb .
The three compartments are thought to be of common endodermal origin ; in contrast to earlier hypotheses , which suggested that the endocrine compartment was of neuroectodermal origin .
Thus these data suggest that the phorbol myristate-induced signal prolonged protein kinase C activation can not be inhibited by prior incubation with dexamethasone and it also protects the induced mRNA for the degradative action of dexamethasone .
The loss of conventional responsiveness is probably caused by alterations at the level of signaling , and may be a manifestation of the physiological state that is a precondition for selection .
A thymus-specific member of the HMG protein family regulates the human T cell receptor C alpha enhancer .
Both conditions are promoted by lysophosphatidylcholine lysoPC .
Over end , it binds a factor that is ubiquitously and constitutively expressed .
We show that the constitutive expression of the T24 Ha-ras oncogene in EBV-immortalized B lymphoblasts was associated with the induction of the interleukin 2 receptor alpha subunit , with an impaired immunoglobulin gene expression , altered adhesion properties and increased survival in serum-free medium .
The signaling events mediating this effect appeared to involve the release of H2O2 , since LTB4 failed to induce NF-chi B or NF-IL6 in the presence of the scavenger of H2O2 , N-acetyl-L-cysteine .
These data indicate specific modulation of the family of transcription factors by the CD2 signalling pathway and suggest CD2 receptor modulation of CRE-mediated transcription following ligand engagement e.g. cell-to-cell contact .
These results are consistent with the interpretation that glucocorticoid-mediated autoregulation of GR expression is a tissue-specific primary transcriptional response .
To this aim , allergen-specific T cell clones TCC were generated from the peripheral blood of three atopic patients , and cytokine profiles were analyzed .
The mechanism of inhibition is related to the surface expression of several cell adhesion molecules .
The chemiluminescent CL response of interferon-gamma-treated U937 IFN-U937 cells to sensitized target cells has been used to detect red cell , platelet and granulocyte antibodies .
Treatment of SKW 6.4 cells with IL 6 induced a transient and early stimulation of c-fos sense mRNA expression .
LPS stimulation did not give rise to a persistent nuclear accumulation of RelB and c-Rel , whereas nuclear c-Rel , but not RelB , accumulated after B cell receptor stimulation .
The concentration of corticosteroid producing 50 inhibition IC50 was 600 nM , 70 nM , and 0.5 nM for hydrocortisone , methylprednisolone , and dexamethasone , respectively , in monocytes from CS individuals .
The algorithm was constructed with the aim of identifying segments in Ag which are resistant to proteolytic degradation by the enzymes cathepsin B , L , and D .
The candidate oncogene bcl-3 was discovered as a translocation into the immunoglobulin alpha-locus in some cases of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemias .
Site-directed mutagenesis of the wild-type IL-2R alpha kappa B enhancer GGGGAATCTCCC has revealed that the binding of p50 and p55 B2 complex is particularly sensitive to alteration of the triplet of deoxyguanosine residues .
Dendritic cells DC are potent APC during primary and secondary immune responses .
Epstein-Barr virus EBV , the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis , is a human herpesvirus associated with epithelial cell malignancies nasopharyngeal carcinoma as well as B-cell malignancies .
Demonstration of a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-responsive protein in human lymphocytes : immunologic crossreactivity and inverse regulation with the vitamin D receptor .
FK506 and ciclosporin : molecular probes for studying intracellular signal transduction .
Cells need to distinguish between transient signals that induce events such as muscle contraction , secretion , adhesion and synaptic transmission , and sustained signals that are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation .
This multiple cytokine production deficiency could not be restored by IL-2 or co-stimulatory signals provided by antigen-presenting cells APC .
Although the -20 GATA binding site AGATAA is also a potential TFIID binding site , it does not bind TFIID .
The factor responsible for this activity was designated Oct coactivator from B cells OCA-B .
The biological activity of 11 alpha-methyl-1 alpha,25--LRB-OH-RRB-2D3 closely resembled that of the natural hormone on normal and leukemic cell proliferation and bone resorption , whereas in vivo effect on calcium metabolism of the rachitic chick was about 50 of that of 1 alpha,25--LRB-OH-RRB-2D3 .
Second , T cells , which lack CD45 and can not signal via the TCR , supported higher levels of viral replication and gene expression .
Thus , stable expression of HB24 confers an activation phenotype on a human T cell line , implicating this gene as an important transcriptional factor during T cell activation and growth .
This result fits well into the general observation of stress-induced down-regulation of immune responses .
4 . It is suggested that danazol has an anti-estrogenic action to the monocytes through the competition and suppression of estrogen binding sites as seen in the estrogen target organ .
These transcripts initiate from one of two promoters , Cp or Wp , that function in a mutually exclusive fashion .
All groups contain cysteine- and histidine-rich putative zinc finger domains and a serine-phenylalanine SFS domain similar to part of the large subunit of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II .
Cotransfection of an hGATA-3 expression plasmid with a reporter plasmid transcription is directed by the HIV-1 LTR resulted in 6- to 10-fold stimulation of LTR-mediated transcription , whereas site specific mutation of these GATA sites resulted in virtual abrogation of the activation by hGATA-3 .
Involvement of NF-chi B and NF-IL6 in induction of IL-6 transcription by monocytes was demonstrated using deleted forms of the IL-6 promoter .
p27Kip1 directly inhibits the catalytic activity of cyclin-dependent kinase complexes interferes physically with activation by CAK .
A human putative lymphocyte switch gene containing a CpG-rich island encodes a small basic protein with the potential to be phosphorylated .
The promoter region lacked a TATA box but contained potential binding sites for the transcriptional factors including two Sp1 , CRE , Myb and NFkB located at positions -153 , -178 , -286 , -875 , and -1011 , respectively .
However , the molecular mechanisms involved in ATRA-dependent growth inhibition and cellular differentiation are not presently understood .
We have previously reported that the T lymphocytes of a child with severe combined immunodeficiency are defective in the transcription of several lymphokine genes that include IL2 , IL3 , IL4 , and IL5 , which encode interleukins 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 IL-2 , -3 , -4 , and -5 .
CONCLUSIONS : These results provide further evidence for a dysregulation of the HPA axis in PTSD .
Female family members were also studied to identify heterozygote carriers .
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The recent definition of a consensus DNA binding sequence for the Ets family of transcription factors has allowed the identification of potential Ets binding sites in the promoters and enhancers of many inducible T-cell genes .
Other studies further demonstrate that the jun-B and fra-1 genes are induced by TPA in both and cells , whereas c-fos expression is attenuated in the line .
The log10Kd increased 0.304 0.139 p 0.04 and the log10MBC increased 0.49 0.10 p 0.001 in the subjects compared to baseline .
As a bioassay for glucocorticoid action we also measured dexamethasone suppressibility of mitogen-stimulated incorporation of -LCB-3H-RCB-thymidine in mononuclear leukocytes .
Sequence analysis of nine different 2.3-kb cDNA clones obtained from NK-derived RNA confirmed that they corresponded to an unrearranged TcR delta gene .
Constitutive expression of 1,25-LRB-OH-RRB-2D3 receptor RNA was detected in various kinds of hematopoietic cells , including macrophages and activated T lymphocytes , as well as in cell lines KG-1 myeloblasts , HL-60 promyelocytes , ML-3 myelomonoblasts , U937 , THP-1 monoblasts , K562 erythroblasts , and S-LB1 HTLV-1-transfected T lymphocytes .
After appropriate stimulation , both NF-AT and AP-1 are peculiarly sensitive to the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin .
We have previously shown that a human B lymphoma cell line , B104 , expressed surface IgM sIgM and surface IgD sIgD , and that crosslinking of sIgM and sIgD by anti-IgM antibody Ab and anti-IgD Ab , respectively , induced influx to almost the same degree , whereas only sIgM-crosslinking caused B104 cell death .
We have established the essential nature of GATA-1 during both primitive and definitive erythropoiesis .
Moreover , antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting either GATA-1 or p45 NF-E2 proteins inhibited both protein expression and BA-induced differentiation .
3 . Although DEX and PGE2 were equipotent in suppressing T-cell proliferation , ISO was much less effective .
Dexamethasone markedly inhibited LPS-stimulated accumulation of mRNA for ELAM-1 and expression of ELAM-1 and ICAM-1 IC50 10 nM , both P 0.001 , n 4-9 ; inhibition of expression by dexamethasone was reversed by RU-486 both P 0.005 , n 4-6 .
Furthermore , the ability of these complexes to regulate gene expression is demonstrated by increased transcription from an AP-1 driven reporter construct and marked increases in the expression of endogenous AP-1 regulated genes .
We found that GIG18 was rapidly induced to comparable levels by both AR and GR , demonstrating that AR can indeed function as a transcriptional activator in S49 cells and , moreover , that GIG18 induction may be a marker of early apoptotic events in steroid-treated cells .
LDP not only increases plasma estradiol levels , but also increases the leucocytic ER levels .
These data show that this technique is useful for the identification of minimal residual disease in patients with APL and that cytotoxic chemotherapy following ATRA therapy is required for the elimination of APL cells .
The HIV-TF1-binding site in HIV LTR was similar to the site recognized by upstream stimulatory factor USF in the adenovirus major late promoter .
Here we show that priming of CD4 T cells selectively enhances IL-4 expression relative to IL-2 expression by a transcriptional mechanism involving nuclear factor of activated T cells NFAT proteins .
Recently it has become clear that these cytokines activate a number of important intracellular signaling molecules , including the Janus kinases JAK1 and JAK3 and members of the transcription factor family of signal transducers and activators of transcription STATs .