A Ruby client that tries to match Redis' API one-to-one, while still providing an idiomatic interface.
Install with:
$ gem install redis
You can connect to Redis by instantiating the Redis class:
require "redis"
redis = Redis.newThis assumes Redis was started with a default configuration, and is
listening on localhost, port 6379. If you need to connect to a remote
server or a different port, try:
redis = Redis.new(host: "10.0.1.1", port: 6380, db: 15)You can also specify connection options as a redis:// URL:
redis = Redis.new(url: "redis://:p4ssw0rd@10.0.1.1:6380/15")By default, the client will try to read the REDIS_URL environment variable
and use that as URL to connect to. The above statement is therefore equivalent
to setting this environment variable and calling Redis.new without arguments.
To connect to Redis listening on a Unix socket, try:
redis = Redis.new(path: "/tmp/redis.sock")To connect to a password protected Redis instance, use:
redis = Redis.new(password: "mysecret")The Redis class exports methods that are named identical to the commands
they execute. The arguments these methods accept are often identical to
the arguments specified on the Redis website. For
instance, the SET and GET commands can be called like this:
redis.set("mykey", "hello world")
# => "OK"
redis.get("mykey")
# => "hello world"All commands, their arguments, and return values are documented and available on RubyDoc.info.
The client is able to perform automatic failover by using Redis Sentinel. Make sure to run Redis 2.8+ if you want to use this feature.
To connect using Sentinel, use:
SENTINELS = [{ host: "127.0.0.1", port: 26380 },
{ host: "127.0.0.1", port: 26381 }]
redis = Redis.new(url: "redis://mymaster", sentinels: SENTINELS, role: :master)-
The master name identifies a group of Redis instances composed of a master and one or more slaves (
mymasterin the example). -
It is possible to optionally provide a role. The allowed roles are
masterandslave. When the role isslave, the client will try to connect to a random slave of the specified master. If a role is not specified, the client will connect to the master. -
When using the Sentinel support you need to specify a list of sentinels to connect to. The list does not need to enumerate all your Sentinel instances, but a few so that if one is down the client will try the next one. The client is able to remember the last Sentinel that was able to reply correctly and will use it for the next requests.
If you want to authenticate Sentinel itself, you must specify the password option per instance.
SENTINELS = [{ host: '127.0.0.1', port: 26380, password: 'mysecret' },
{ host: '127.0.0.1', port: 26381, password: 'mysecret' }]
redis = Redis.new(host: 'mymaster', sentinels: SENTINELS, role: :master)redis-rb supports clustering.
# Nodes can be passed to the client as an array of connection URLs.
nodes = (7000..7005).map { |port| "redis://127.0.0.1:#{port}" }
redis = Redis.new(cluster: nodes)
# You can also specify the options as a Hash. The options are the same as for a single server connection.
(7000..7005).map { |port| { host: '127.0.0.1', port: port } }You can also specify only a subset of the nodes, and the client will discover the missing ones using the CLUSTER NODES command.
Redis.new(cluster: %w[redis://127.0.0.1:7000])If you want the connection to be able to read from any replica, you must pass the replica: true. Note that this connection won't be usable to write keys.
Redis.new(cluster: nodes, replica: true)The calling code is responsible for avoiding cross slot commands.
redis = Redis.new(cluster: %w[redis://127.0.0.1:7000])
redis.mget('key1', 'key2')
#=> Redis::CommandError (CROSSSLOT Keys in request don't hash to the same slot)
redis.mget('{key}1', '{key}2')
#=> [nil, nil]- The client automatically reconnects after a failover occurred, but the caller is responsible for handling errors while it is happening.
- The client support permanent node failures, and will reroute requests to promoted slaves.
- The client supports
MOVEDandASKredirections transparently.
Redis only stores strings as values. If you want to store an object, you can use a serialization mechanism such as JSON:
require "json"
redis.set "foo", [1, 2, 3].to_json
# => OK
JSON.parse(redis.get("foo"))
# => [1, 2, 3]When multiple commands are executed sequentially, but are not dependent, the calls can be pipelined. This means that the client doesn't wait for reply of the first command before sending the next command. The advantage is that multiple commands are sent at once, resulting in faster overall execution.
The client can be instructed to pipeline commands by using the
#pipelined method. After the block is executed, the client sends all
commands to Redis and gathers their replies. These replies are returned
by the #pipelined method.
redis.pipelined do
redis.set "foo", "bar"
redis.incr "baz"
end
# => ["OK", 1]You can use MULTI/EXEC to run a number of commands in an atomic
fashion. This is similar to executing a pipeline, but the commands are
preceded by a call to MULTI, and followed by a call to EXEC. Like
the regular pipeline, the replies to the commands are returned by the
#multi method.
redis.multi do
redis.set "foo", "bar"
redis.incr "baz"
end
# => ["OK", 1]Replies to commands in a pipeline can be accessed via the futures they
emit (since redis-rb 3.0). All calls inside a pipeline block return a
Future object, which responds to the #value method. When the
pipeline has successfully executed, all futures are assigned their
respective replies and can be used.
redis.pipelined do
@set = redis.set "foo", "bar"
@incr = redis.incr "baz"
end
@set.value
# => "OK"
@incr.value
# => 1In general, if something goes wrong you'll get an exception. For example, if
it can't connect to the server a Redis::CannotConnectError error will be raised.
begin
redis.ping
rescue StandardError => e
e.inspect
# => #<Redis::CannotConnectError: Timed out connecting to Redis on 10.0.1.1:6380>
e.message
# => Timed out connecting to Redis on 10.0.1.1:6380
endSee lib/redis/errors.rb for information about what exceptions are possible.
The client allows you to configure connect, read, and write timeouts.
Passing a single timeout option will set all three values:
Redis.new(:timeout => 1)But you can use specific values for each of them:
Redis.new(
:connect_timeout => 0.2,
:read_timeout => 1.0,
:write_timeout => 0.5
)All timeout values are specified in seconds.
When using pub/sub, you can subscribe to a channel using a timeout as well:
redis.subscribe_with_timeout(5, "news") do |on|
on.message do |channel, message|
# ...
end
endIf no message is received after 5 seconds, the client will unsubscribe.
The client allows you to configure how many reconnect_attempts it should
complete before declaring a connection as failed. Furthermore, you may want
to control the maximum duration between reconnection attempts with
reconnect_delay and reconnect_delay_max.
Redis.new(
:reconnect_attempts => 10,
:reconnect_delay => 1.5,
:reconnect_delay_max => 10.0,
)The delay values are specified in seconds. With the above configuration, the
client would attempt 10 reconnections, exponentially increasing the duration
between each attempt but it never waits longer than reconnect_delay_max.
This is the retry algorithm:
attempt_wait_time = [(reconnect_delay * 2**(attempt-1)), reconnect_delay_max].minBy default, this gem will only retry a connection once and then fail, but with the above configuration the reconnection attempt would look like this:
| # | Attempt wait time | Total wait time |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.5s | 1.5s |
| 2 | 3.0s | 4.5s |
| 3 | 6.0s | 10.5s |
| 4 | 10.0s | 20.5s |
| 5 | 10.0s | 30.5s |
| 6 | 10.0s | 40.5s |
| 7 | 10.0s | 50.5s |
| 8 | 10.0s | 60.5s |
| 9 | 10.0s | 70.5s |
| 10 | 10.0s | 80.5s |
So if the reconnection attempt #10 succeeds 70 seconds have elapsed trying
to reconnect, this is likely fine in long-running background processes, but if
you use Redis to drive your website you might want to have a lower
reconnect_delay_max or have less reconnect_attempts.
This library supports natively terminating client side SSL/TLS connections when talking to Redis via a server-side proxy such as stunnel, hitch, or ghostunnel.
To enable SSL support, pass the :ssl => :true option when configuring the
Redis client, or pass in :url => "rediss://..." (like HTTPS for Redis).
You will also need to pass in an :ssl_params => { ... } hash used to
configure the OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext object used for the connection:
redis = Redis.new(
:url => "rediss://:p4ssw0rd@10.0.1.1:6381/15",
:ssl_params => {
:ca_file => "/path/to/ca.crt"
}
)The options given to :ssl_params are passed directly to the
OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#set_params method and can be any valid attribute
of the SSL context. Please see the OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext documentation
for all of the available attributes.
Here is an example of passing in params that can be used for SSL client certificate authentication (a.k.a. mutual TLS):
redis = Redis.new(
:url => "rediss://:p4ssw0rd@10.0.1.1:6381/15",
:ssl_params => {
:ca_file => "/path/to/ca.crt",
:cert => OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read("client.crt")),
:key => OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(File.read("client.key"))
}
)NOTE: SSL is only supported by the default "Ruby" driver
-
inherit_socket: true: disable safety check that prevents a forked child from sharing a socket with its parent; this is potentially useful in order to mitigate connection churn when:- many short-lived forked children of one process need to talk to redis, AND
- your own code prevents the parent process from using the redis connection while a child is alive
Improper use of
inherit_socketwill result in corrupted and/or incorrect responses.
By default, redis-rb uses Ruby's socket library to talk with Redis. To use an alternative connection driver it should be specified as option when instantiating the client object. These instructions are only valid for redis-rb 3.0. For instructions on how to use alternate drivers from redis-rb 2.2, please refer to an older README.
The hiredis driver uses the connection facility of hiredis-rb. In turn, hiredis-rb is a binding to the official hiredis client library. It optimizes for speed, at the cost of portability. Because it is a C extension, JRuby is not supported (by default).
It is best to use hiredis when you have large replies (for example:
LRANGE, SMEMBERS, ZRANGE, etc.) and/or use big pipelines.
In your Gemfile, include hiredis:
gem "redis", "~> 3.0.1"
gem "hiredis", "~> 0.4.5"When instantiating the client object, specify hiredis:
redis = Redis.new(:driver => :hiredis)The synchrony driver adds support for em-synchrony. This makes redis-rb work with EventMachine's asynchronous I/O, while not changing the exposed API. The hiredis gem needs to be available as well, because the synchrony driver uses hiredis for parsing the Redis protocol.
In your Gemfile, include em-synchrony and hiredis:
gem "redis", "~> 3.0.1"
gem "hiredis", "~> 0.4.5"
gem "em-synchrony"When instantiating the client object, specify synchrony:
redis = Redis.new(:driver => :synchrony)This library is tested against recent Ruby and Redis versions. Check Travis for the exact versions supported.
- async-redis — An async compatible Redis client.
Several people contributed to redis-rb, but we would like to especially mention Ezra Zygmuntowicz. Ezra introduced the Ruby community to many new cool technologies, like Redis. He wrote the first version of this client and evangelized Redis in Rubyland. Thank you, Ezra.
Fork the project and send pull
requests. You can also ask for help at #redis-rb on Freenode.