Added inline function analyzer

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 1.6.0
+
+- Add inline function analyzer.
+
 ## 1.5.7
 
 - Fix `px4_switch_task` for J-Link (previously only fixed for ST-LINK).

pyproject.toml

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ dependencies = [
     "cmsis-svd==0.4",
     "arm-gdb>=0.9.9,<1",
     "pydwf>=1.1.19,<2",
+    "pyelftools>=0.31",
     "yoctopuce>=1.10.57762,<2.0",
     "rpyc>=5.3.1,<6",
     "rich>=13.7.0,<14",

src/emdbg/analyze/inline.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Analyze inline function usage
+
+Function inlining generally is a space-time tradeoff where more inlining helps with execution speed but
+increases FLASH usage. This tool helps to see which functions are inlined where and how much FLASH usage
+this inlining causes.
+
+## Command Line Interface
+
+You can analyze the inline usage like this:
+
+```sh
+python3 -m emdbg.analyze.inline -f test.elf
+```
+
+The analysis can take some time as it has to traverse all DIEs of the DWARF data.

src/emdbg/analyze/inline.py

@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2024, Alexander Lerach
+# Copyright (c) 2024, Auterion AG
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+import argparse
+import logging
+import posixpath
+
+from elftools.elf.elffile import ELFFile
+from elftools.dwarf.die import DIE
+from elftools.dwarf.lineprogram import LineProgram
+from elftools.dwarf.ranges import RangeEntry, RangeLists
+
+import rich
+from rich.console import Console
+from rich.table import Table
+
+LOGGER = logging.getLogger("flash:inline")
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class InlinedInstance:
+    """
+    See :class:`InlinedFunction`.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, file_name: str, file_line: int, size: int) -> None:
+        """
+        :param file_name: file where the function is inlined to.
+        :param file_line: line within the file where the function is inlined.
+        :param size: amount of flash used by the inlined function in this instance.
+        """
+        self.file_name = file_name
+        self.file_line = file_line
+        self.size = size
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class InlinedFunction:
+    """
+    The :class:`InlinedFunction` represents a function that is inlined into different callers.
+    It contains a list of :class:`InlinedInstance` which represent the instance that this function is inlined into.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, file_name: str, file_line: int, total_size: int, inlined_instances: list[InlinedInstance]) -> None:
+        """
+        :param file_name: file where the inline function is declared.
+        :param file_line: line within the file where the inline function is declared.
+        :param total_size: total amount of flash used due to this method being inline.
+        :param inlined_instances: list of instances where this function is inlined to.
+        """
+        self.inlined_instances = inlined_instances
+        self.file_name = file_name
+        self.file_line = file_line
+        self.total_size = total_size
+
+    def print(self, console: Console, num_of_instances: int, total_size: int) -> str:
+        """
+        Prints the inlined function and its instances to the console in an easy-to-read format.
+
+        :param console: console to print the output to.
+        :param num_of_instances: the number of inlined instances to print. A value of `0` causes all to be displayed.
+        ;param total_size: total amount of FLASH used by inlined functions. Used to calculate the percentage caused by this inlined function.
+        """
+        console.print(f"{self.file_name}:{self.file_line} -- Total Size: {self.total_size} ({(self.total_size / total_size * 100):.2f}%)")
+
+        table = Table(box=rich.box.MINIMAL_DOUBLE_HEAD)
+        table.add_column("File name")
+        table.add_column("File line")
+        table.add_column("Size")
+        table.add_column("%")
+
+        for i, inlined_instance in enumerate(self.inlined_instances):
+            if i < num_of_instances or num_of_instances == 0:
+                table.add_row(inlined_instance.file_name, str(inlined_instance.file_line),
+                              str(inlined_instance.size), "{:.2f}".format(inlined_instance.size / self.total_size * 100))
+            else:
+                table.add_row("...", "...", "...")
+                break
+
+        console.print(table)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class AnalysisResult:
+    """
+    The class :class:`AnalysisResult` represents the result of an inline analysis performed using :class:`InlineAnalyzer`
+
+    :param inlined_savings_list: inlined functions with more than one instance. These allow for potential FLASH savings.
+    :param inlined_no_savings_list: inlined functions with one instance.
+    :param savings_total_size: overall FLASH size used by inlined functions with more than one instance.
+    :param no_savings_total_size: overall FLASH size used by inlined functions with one instance.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, inlined_savings_list: list[InlinedFunction], inlined_no_savings_list: list[InlinedFunction],
+                savings_total_size: int, no_savings_total_size: int) -> None:
+        self.inlined_savings_list = inlined_savings_list
+        self.inlined_no_savings_list = inlined_no_savings_list
+        self.savings_total_size = savings_total_size
+        self.no_savings_total_size = no_savings_total_size
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class InlineAnalyzer:
+    """
+    Analyzes an ELF file and DWARF debugging data to identify inline functions and the instances where they are inlined to.
+    This allows to identify options for a space-time tradeoff.
+    """
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._raw_inlined_functions = defaultdict(list)
+
+    def get_inlined_functions(self, file_name: str) -> AnalysisResult:
+        """
+        Returns the identified :class:`InlinedFunction` in the given ELF file.
+        This is only possible if DWARF debugging data is available which contains debug ranges and line program.
+
+        :param file_name: path to the ELF file to analyze.
+
+        :return: on success, a :class:`AnalysisResult` is returned. In case of errors an exception is raised.
+
+        :raises ValueError: if the debugging data is not sufficient of the analysis.
+        """
+        logging.info(f"Processing file: {file_name}")
+        self._raw_inlined_functions.clear()
+
+        with open(file_name, "rb") as f:
+            elf_file = ELFFile(f)
+
+            if not elf_file.has_dwarf_info():
+                raise ValueError(f"{file_name} has no DWARF info.")
+
+            dwarf_info = elf_file.get_dwarf_info()
+            range_lists = dwarf_info.range_lists()
+
+            if range_lists is None:
+                raise ValueError(f"{file_name}: DWARF info is missing debug ranges.")
+
+            for CU in dwarf_info.iter_CUs():
+                line_program = dwarf_info.line_program_for_CU(CU)
+
+                if line_program is None:
+                    logging.warning("CU @ {CU.cu_offset} DWARF info is missing line program. Skipping CU.")
+                    continue
+
+                top_die = CU.get_top_DIE()
+                self.__die_get_inlined_rec(top_die, line_program, range_lists)
+        return self.__raw_inlined_to_output()
+
+    def __die_get_inlined_rec(self, die: DIE, line_program: LineProgram, range_lists: RangeLists) -> None:
+        """
+        Recursively traverse all DIEs of a given top DIE and extract information about inlined functions.
+
+        :param die: DIE to be processed. Is gathered recursively after passing a top DIE.
+        :param line_program: :class:`LineProgram` extracted from the DWARF debugging data.
+        :param range_lists: :class:`RangeLists` extracted from the DWARF debugging data.
+        """
+        if die.tag == "DW_TAG_inlined_subroutine" and {"DW_AT_call_file"} <= die.attributes.keys():
+            call_file = self.__get_file_name(die.attributes["DW_AT_call_file"].value, line_program)
+            call_line = die.attributes["DW_AT_call_line"].value
+            size = self.__get_size(die, range_lists)
+
+            decl_die = self.__resolve_die_ref(die, die.cu.cu_offset + die.attributes["DW_AT_abstract_origin"].value)
+
+            if {"DW_AT_decl_file", "DW_AT_decl_line"} <= decl_die.attributes.keys():
+                decl_file = self.__get_file_name(decl_die.attributes["DW_AT_decl_file"].value, line_program)
+                decl_line = decl_die.attributes["DW_AT_decl_line"].value
+
+                called_function = InlinedInstance(call_file, call_line, size)
+                self._raw_inlined_functions[(decl_file, decl_line)].append(called_function)
+
+        # Recurse into the DIE children
+        for child in die.iter_children():
+                self.__die_get_inlined_rec(child, line_program, range_lists)
+
+    def __get_file_name(self, file_idx: int, line_program: LineProgram) -> str:
+        """
+        Returns a file name given a DIE file index. To perform this mapping the line program is required.
+
+        :param file_idx: DIE file index for which the file name shall be returned.
+        :param line_program: :class:`LineProgram` extracted from the DWARF debugging data.
+
+        :return: the file name for the given DIE file index. This will include the full path if the line program
+                 contains the relevant data. Otherwise, only the file name without path will be returned.
+        """
+        lp_header = line_program.header
+        file_entries = lp_header["file_entry"]
+        file_entry = file_entries[file_idx - 1]
+        dir_index = file_entry["dir_index"]
+
+        if dir_index == 0:
+            return file_entry.name.decode()
+
+        directory = lp_header["include_directory"][dir_index - 1]
+        return posixpath.join(directory, file_entry.name).decode()
+
+    def __get_size(self, die: DIE, range_lists: RangeLists) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns the size required by the given DIE. The function will try different methods to get the size depending on the
+        attributes being present in the DIE. If none of the methods are successful, `0` will be returned.
+
+        :param die: DIE for which the size shall be returned.
+        :param range_lists: :class:`RangeLists` extracted from the DWARF debugging data.
+
+        :return: on success, the size of the DIE. Otherwise, `0` will be returned.
+        """
+        if {"DW_AT_high_pc"} <= die.attributes.keys():
+            return die.attributes["DW_AT_high_pc"].value + 1
+        if {"DW_AT_ranges"} <= die.attributes.keys():
+            range_list = range_lists.get_range_list_at_offset(die.attributes["DW_AT_ranges"].value)
+            size = 0
+            for entry in range_list:
+                if isinstance(entry, RangeEntry):
+                    size = size + (entry.end_offset - entry.begin_offset) + 1
+            return size
+        return 0
+
+    def __resolve_die_ref(self, die: DIE, ref_addr: int) -> DIE:
+        """
+        Given a DIE containing a reference address, the DIE referenced by that address will be returned.
+
+        :param die: DIE containing a reference address to be resolved.
+        :param ref_addr: reference address pointing to another DIE.
+
+        :return: referenced DIE.
+        """
+        return die.cu.get_DIE_from_refaddr(ref_addr)
+
+    def __raw_inlined_to_output(self) -> AnalysisResult:
+        """
+        Performs post-processing on the gathered data about inlined functions to bring it into an easy-to-use format.
+        This includes wrapping the data into classes, grouping into inlined functions with and without FLASH saving potential
+        and sorting by the amount of FLASH used.
+
+        :return: a :class:`AnalysisResult`.
+        """
+        inlined_savings_list = []
+        inlined_no_savings_list = []
+        savings_total_size = 0
+        no_savings_total_size = 0
+
+        for (decl_file, decl_line) in self._raw_inlined_functions:
+            inlined_instances = []
+            total_size = 0
+
+            for inlined_instance in self._raw_inlined_functions[(decl_file, decl_line)]:
+                inlined_instances.append(inlined_instance)
+                total_size = total_size + inlined_instance.size
+            inlined_function = InlinedFunction(decl_file, decl_line, total_size, inlined_instances)
+
+            if len(inlined_instances) > 1:
+                inlined_savings_list.append(inlined_function)
+                savings_total_size = savings_total_size + total_size
+            else:
+                inlined_no_savings_list.append(inlined_function)
+                no_savings_total_size = no_savings_total_size + total_size
+
+        inlined_savings_list.sort(key=lambda x: x.total_size, reverse=True)
+        inlined_no_savings_list.sort(key=lambda x: x.total_size, reverse=True)
+        return AnalysisResult(inlined_savings_list, inlined_no_savings_list, savings_total_size, no_savings_total_size)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Inline function analyzer to identify potential FLASH savings.")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-f",
+        dest="file",
+        help="Path to the ELF file to analyze",
+        required=True
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-n",
+        help="Number of inlined functions to display. The default value of 0 causes all inlined functions to be displayed.",
+        type=int,
+        default=0
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-m",
+        help="Number of inline function instances to show for each inlined function. The default value of 0 causes all instances to be displayed.",
+        type=int,
+        default=0
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--all",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="Include inlined functions that don't offer FLASH saving potential, i.e. functions that are only inlined once."
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    console = Console()
+    inline_analyzer = InlineAnalyzer()
+    analysis_result = inline_analyzer.get_inlined_functions(args.file)
+
+    for i, inlined_function in enumerate(analysis_result.inlined_savings_list):
+        if i < args.n or args.n == 0:
+            inlined_function.print(console, args.m, analysis_result.savings_total_size)
+            console.print("")
+        else:
+            console.print("[...]")
+            break
+
+    if args.all:
+        for i, inlined_function in enumerate(analysis_result.inlined_no_savings_list):
+            if i < args.n or args.n == 0:
+                inlined_function.print(console, args.m, analysis_result.no_savings_total_size)
+                console.print("")
+            else:
+                console.print("[...]")
+                break
+
+    console.print(f"Total saveable space: {analysis_result.savings_total_size}")
+
+    if args.all:
+        console.print(f"Total non-saveable space: {analysis_result.no_savings_total_size}")