LIBFFM is a library for field-aware factorization machine. For the formulation it solves, please check:

    http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~r01922136/slides/ffm.pdf

NOTE: This project is libffm with FTRL updater(original is SGD), so the usage is little different

It can be [Factorization Machines with Follow-The-Regularized-Leader for CTR prediction in Display Advertising](http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/w.zhang/rtb-papers/fm-ftrl.pdf) when we set all fields the same 

Table of Contents
=================

- Overfitting and Early Stopping
- Installation
- Data Format
- Command Line Usage
- Examples
- Library Usage
- OpenMP
- Building Windows Binaries



Overfitting and Early Stopping
==============================

FFM is prone to overfitting, and the solution we have so far is early stopping.
To avoid overfitting, we recommend always provide a validation set with option `-p.' You can use option `--auto-stop' to
stop at the iteration that reaches the best validation loss:


Installation
============

Requirement: LIBFFM is written in C++. It requires C++11 and OpenMP supports. If OpenMP is not available on your
platform, please refer to section `OpenMP.' 

- Unix-like systems:
  To compile on Unix-like systems, type `make' in the command line.

- OS X:
  The built-in compiler should be able to compile LIBFFM. However, OpenMP may
  not be supported. In this case you have to compile without OpenMP. See
  section `OpenMP' for detail.

- Windows:
  See `Building Windows Binaries' to compile.



Data Format
===========

The data format of LIBFFM is:

<label> <field1>:<index1>:<value1> <field2>:<index2>:<value2> ...
.
.
.

`field' and `index' should be non-negative integers. See an example
`bigdata.tr.txt.'



Command Line Usage
==================

-   `ffm-train'

    usage: ffm-train [options] training_set_file [model_file]

    options:
    -L1 <L1>: set L1 regularization parameter (default 0.)
    -L2 <L2>: set L2 regularization parameter (default 0.)
    -alpha <alpha>: set Per-Coordinate Learning Rate alpha (default 0.3)
    -beta <beta>: set Per-Coordinate Learning Rate beta (default 1.0)
    -k <factor>: set number of latent factors (default 4)
    -t <iteration>: set number of iterations (default 15)
    -r <eta>: set learning rate (default 0.2)
    -s <nr_threads>: set number of threads (default 1)
    -p <path>: set path to the validation set
    -v <fold>: set the number of folds for cross-validation
    --quiet: quiet model (no output)
    --no-norm: disable instance-wise normalization
    --no-rand: disable random update
    --on-disk: perform on-disk training (a temporary file <training_set_file>.bin will be generated)
    --auto-stop: stop at the iteration that achieves the best validation loss (must be used with -p)

    By default we do instance-wise normalization. That is, we normalize the 2-norm of each instance to 1. You can use
    `--no-norm' to disable this function.
    
    By default, our algorithm randomly select an instance for update in each inner iteration. On some datasets you may
    want to do update in the original order. You can do it by using `--no-rand' together with `-s 1.'

    If you do not have enough memory, then you can use `--on-disk' to do disk-level training. Two restrictions when you
    use this mode:
        
        1. So far we do not allow random update in the mode, so please use
           `--no-rand' if you want to do on-disk training. 
           
        2. Cross-validation in this mode is not yet supported.

    A binary file `training_set_file.bin' will be generated to store the data in binary format.

    Because FFM usually need early stopping for better test performance, we provide an option `--auto-stop' to stop at
    the iteration that achieves the best validation loss. Note that you need to provide a validation set with `-p' when
    you use this option.


-   `ffm-predict'

    usage: ffm-predict test_file model_file output_file



Examples
========

> ffm-train bigdata.tr.txt model

train a model using the default parameters

> ffm-train -L2 0.001 -k 16 -t 30 -alpha 0.05 -s 4 bigdata.tr.txt model

train a model using the following parameters:

    L2 regularization cost = 0.001
    latent factors = 16
    iterations = 30
    learning rate alpha = 0.05
    threads = 4

> ffm-train -p bigdata.te.txt bigdata.tr.txt model

use bigdata.te.txt as validation set

> ffm-train -v 5 bigdata.tr.txt

do five fold cross validation

> ffm-train --quiet bigdata.tr.txt

do not print message to screen

> ffm-predict bigdata.te.txt model output

do prediction

> ffm-train --no-rand --on-disk bigdata.tr.txt

perform on-disk training

> ffm-train -p bigdata.te.txt -t 100 --auto-stop bigdata.tr.txt

use auto-stop to stop at the best iteration according to validation loss

Library Usage
=============

These structures and functions are declared in the header file `ffm.h.' You need to #include `ffm.h' in your C/C++
source files and link your program with `ffm.cpp.' You can see `ffm-train.cpp' and `ffm-predict.cpp' for examples
showing how to use them.

There are four public data structures in LIBFFM.


-   struct ffm_node
    {
        ffm_int f;    // field index
        ffm_int j;    // column index
        ffm_float v;  // value
    };

    Each `ffm_node' represents a non-zero element in a sparse matrix.

-   struct ffm_problem
    {
        ffm_int n;      // number of features
        ffm_int l;      // number of instances
        ffm_int m;      // number of fields
        ffm_node *X;    // non-zero elements
        ffm_long *P;    // row pointers
        ffm_float *Y;   // labels
    };

-   struct ffm_parameter
    {
        ffm_float alpha;
        ffm_float beta;
        ffm_float L1;
        ffm_float L2;
        ffm_int nr_iters;
        ffm_int k;
        ffm_int nr_threads;
        bool quiet;
        bool normalization;
        bool random;
        bool auto_stop;
    };

    `ffm_parameter' represents the parameters used for training. The meaning of
    each variable is:

    variable         meaning                             default
    ============================================================
    alpha            Per-Coordinate Learning Rate            0.3
    beta             Per-Coordinate Learning Rate            1.0
    L1               L1 regularization cost                    0
    L2               L2 regularization cost                    0
    nr_iters         number of iterations                     15
    k                number of latent factors                  4
    nr_threads       number of threads used                    1
    quiet            no outputs to stdout                  false
    normalization    instance-wise normalization           false
    random           randomly select instance in SG         true
    auto_stop        auto stop at the best iteration       false

    To obtain a parameter object with default values, use the function
    `ffm_get_default_param.'


-   struct ffm_model
    {
        ffm_int n;              // number of features
        ffm_int m;              // number of fields
        ffm_int k;              // number of latent factors
        ffm_float *W;           // store model values
        ffm_float *Z            // store accumulation of gradient
        bool normalization;     // do instance-wise normalization
    };



Functions available in LIBFFM include:


-   ffm_parameter ffm_get_default_param();

    Get default parameters.

-   ffm_int ffm_save_model(struct ffm_model const *model, char const *path);
    
    Save a model. It returns 0 on sucess and 1 on failure.

-   struct ffm_model* ffm_load_model(char const *path);

    Load a model. If the model could not be loaded, a nullptr is returned.

-   void ffm_destroy_model(struct ffm_model **model);
    
    Destroy a model.

-   struct ffm_model* ffm_train(struct ffm_problem const *prob, ffm_parameter param);

    Train a model.

-   struct ffm_model* ffm_train_with_validation(struct ffm_problem const *Tr, struct ffm_problem const *Va, ffm_parameter param);

    Train a model with training set `Tr' and validation set `Va.' The logloss of the validation set is printed at each
    iteration.
    
-   ffm_float ffm_cross_validation(struct ffm_problem const *prob, ffm_int nr_folds, ffm_parameter param);

    Do cross validation with `nr_folds' folds.

-   ffm_float ffm_predict(ffm_node *begin, ffm_node *end, ffm_model *model);

    Do prediction. `begin' and `end' are pointers to specify the beginning and ending position of the instance to be
    predicted.



OpenMP
======

We use OpenMP to do parallelization. If OpenMP is not available on your
platform, then please comment out the following lines in Makefile.

    DFLAG += -DUSEOMP
    CXXFLAGS += -fopenmp

Note: Please always run `make clean all' if these flags are changed.



Building Windows Binaries
=========================

To build them via command-line tools of Visual C++, use the following steps:

1. Open a DOS command box (or Developer Command Prompt for Visual Studio) and
go to LIBFFM directory. If environment variables of VC++ have not been set,
type

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\bin\amd64\vcvars64.bat"

You may have to modify the above command according which version of VC++ or
where it is installed.

2. Type

nmake -f Makefile.win clean all



Contributors
============

Yu-Chin Juan, Wei-Sheng Chin, and Yong Zhuang

For questions, comments, feature requests, or bug report, please send your email to 

    Yu-Chin (guestwalk@gmail.com)