What's this, is this FydeOS?
We get it, it's confusing. There are Chromium OS for Raspberry Pi, openFyde that happens to boot on Raspberry Pi and FydeOS for You - Raspberry Pi 400, these are different releases.
This project is about Chromium OS for Raspberry Pi, not FydeOS for You - Raspberry Pi 400, also not openFyde. This project aims to only ship vanilla Chromium OS developed by Google and the Chromium Authors, ported to the world's favourite single-board computer - the Raspberry Pi platform.
The next question gives detailed differences between these confusing terms.
What's the difference between Chromium OS, Chrome OS, openFyde and FydeOS?
- Chromium OS is an open-source project, used primarily by developers, with code that is available for anyone to checkout, modify, and build.
- Google Chrome OS is the Google product that OEMs ship on Chromebooks for general consumer use.
- openFyde is a downstream fork of the Chromium OS, with modifications and enhancements developed by Fyde Innovations. It's an open-source initiative sharing a similar series of relaxed licenses as per the Chromium OS upstream.
- FydeOS is similar to Google Chrome OS, it's a commercial-grade operating system product developed and maintained by Fyde Innovations, based on openFyde and Chromium OS.
Some specific differences:
- These OS projects fundamentally share the same code base, but Google Chrome OS has some additional firmware features, including verified boot and easy recovery, which require corresponding hardware changes and thus also don't work out of the box in Chromium OS builds.
- Google Chrome OS / "FydeOS for You" runs on specially optimised hardware to get enhanced performance and security.
- Chromium OS and openFyde images do not auto-update by default (so that changes you may have made to the code are not blown away), whereas Google Chrome OS / FydeOS seamlessly auto-updates so that users have the latest and greatest features and fixes.
- Google Chrome OS / FydeOS includes some proprietary/commercial/licensed packages which are not included in the Chromium OS project.
- In consequence of the above, Google Chrome OS / FydeOS supports the Android subsystem, while Chromium OS and openFyde do not.
- Google Chrome OS has a green/yellow/red logo, Chromium OS has a blue/bluer/bluest logo, openFyde has a logo that looks like ⭕️ and the logo FydeOS is only textural.
Can I build Chromium OS? Can I build FydeOS?
- Yes you can build Chromium OS, in fact, this project is all about building your own Chromium OS for Raspberry Pi as well as offering pre-built images using the provided build artefacts.
- No you can't build FydeOS - the same reason that you can't build Google Chrome OS.
- You can build openFyde too, more information about openFyde is available on its project website.
I don't want to be bothered with the technicalities, where are the download links?
Where to get help?
You are welcome to open an issue in this project if:
- You've read the entire developer guide and even watched the build demonstration video, and then you are attempting to build Chromium OS but have encountered problems
- You believe your copy of the Chromium OS for Raspberry Pi isn't functioning correctly as it should be
Your issues will likely get closed if:
- You are asking about FydeOS for You - Raspberry Pi 400: for this please use FydeOS Community or join Official FydeOS Telegram Group
- You are asking for generic features/bugs about Chromium OS / Chrome OS itself: for this please use chromium-os-dev Google Group or report bugs to CRBUGS
- You are asking about issues about a 3rd-party app, a non-standard peripheral device or a special setup that does not benefit the general community
- Introduction
- System requirement
- Prepare the system
- Get Chromium OS source code
- Setup Raspberry Pi overlay
- Setup local chromium source
- Build Chromium OS for Raspberry Pi
- Boot Raspberry Pi from the image
- Video demonstration of the build process
- More information
- About us
This document describes how to build and run Google Chromium OS on Raspberry Pi 4B, Pi 400 personal computer kit (Pi400 hereafter) and the latest Raspberry Pi 5, from its source code and the board overlay hosted in this repository. Earlier models such as Raspberry Pi 3B and 3B+ were supported in earlier releases, but we have decided to drop support because of hardware performance limitations.
These overlays and the document have been tested against Raspberry Pi 3B, 3B+, 4B and Pi400 by the FydeOS team. It will not work on an earlier version of the Raspberry Pi line-up.
- To provide a usable Chromium OS pre-built image that everybody can download and use that offers a similar experience to Chrome OS
- To provide an open-source code base that everybody can use to build and improve Chromium OS on Raspberry Pi.
- This project does not aim to provide support for Chromium OS itself. If you find bugs and glitches, please report to crbugs; if you have further queries regarding Chromium OS, please revert to one of the official Chromium related Google groups.
The code and document in this repository are the results of works by the people of the FydeOS team. We previously worked on this overlay internally and released a few disk images for Raspberry Pi to the public. Now we open this to the public.
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branches
main- the default branch of this project. It has been tested against our current release version. You are welcome to test it with future releases and send feedback and/or PRs.r<revision>- branches for specific Chromium OS revision, it could be served for archiving purposes or used as a development branch for future (non-stable) code.
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tags
- When we do release a prebuilt image, the commit would be tagged with a release number corresponding to the repo manifest. For example, if the repo manifest release is
rrelease-R102-14695.B, then our release tag would ber102. - Often we will be doing more than one release for each repo manifest release number, so we will append a meaningful string to the tag name to identify such. For example:
r102-hardware_acceleration
- When we do release a prebuilt image, the commit would be tagged with a release number corresponding to the repo manifest. For example, if the repo manifest release is
Shell Commands are shown with different labels to indicate whether they apply to
- your build computer (the computer on which you're doing development)
- the chroot (Chromium OS SDK) on your build computer
- your Chromium OS computer (the device on which you run the images you build)
| Label | Commands |
|---|---|
| (outside) | on your build computer, outside the chroot |
| (inside) | inside the chroot on your build computer |
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An x86_64 system to perform the build. 64-bit hardware and OS are a must. The Chromium OS is a very large project, building from the source from scratch usually takes hours to over 10 hours, depending on the system configuration.
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CPU: we recommend using a 4-core or higher processor. The Chromium OS build process runs in parallel so more cores can help shorten build time dramatically.
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Memory: we recommend at least 16GB, plus enough swap space because for this project you will need to build Chromium from source code. Linking Chromium required between 8GB and 28GB of RAM as of March 2017, so you will run into massive swapping or OOM if you have less memory. However, if you are not building your copy of Chromium, the RAM requirements will be substantially lower at the cost of losing some of the key features provided by this project.
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Disk: at least 100GB of free space, 200GB or more is recommended. SSD could noticeably shorten the build time as there are many gigabytes of files that need to be written to and read from the disk.
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Network: total source code downloading will be over 10GB. Fast and stable Internet access is going to be very helpful.
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-
An x86_64 Linux OS, it is called the host OS later in this doc. The Chromium OS build process utilises chroot to isolate the built environment from the host OS. So theoretically any modern Linux system should work. However, only limited Linux distros are tested by the Chromium OS team and the FydeOS team. Linux versions that are known to work:
- Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
- Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
- Gentoo Linux
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A non-root user account with sudo access. The build process should be run by this user, not the root user. The user needs to have sudo access. For simplicity and convenience password-less sudo could be set for this user.
Git and curl as the essential tools that need to be installed in the host OS, you will also need Python3 for most of the scripting work in the build process.
(outside)
sudo apt-get install git-core gitk git-gui curl lvm2 thin-provisioning-tools \
python-pkg-resources python-virtualenv python-oauth2client xz-utils \
python3.9
# If Python 3.5 is the default, switch it to Python 3.9.
python3 --version
# If above version says 3.5, you'll need to run:
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.5 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.9 2
sudo update-alternatives --config python3This command also installs git's graphical front end (git gui) and revision history browser (gitk).
The depot_tools is a software package of scripts, provided by Google, to manage source code checkouts and code reviews. We need it to fetch the Chromium OS source code.
(outside)
$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/repo
$ sudo chmod 777 /usr/local/repo
$ cd /usr/local/repo
$ git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/tools/depot_tools.git
Then add depot_tools directory to PATH and set up proper umask for the user who is going to perform the build. Add below lines to the file ~/.bash_profile of that user. Or if you are using a different shell, handle that accordingly.
(outside)
export PATH=/usr/local/repo/depot_tools:$PATH
umask 022Then re-login to make the above changes take effect.
Better configure git now or it may complain in some operations later.
(outside)
$ git config --global user.email "you@email.address"
$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"The directory structure described here is a recommendation based on the best practice in the FydeOS team. You may host the files differently as you wish.
(outside)
# This is the directory to hold Chromium OS source code， aka cros-sdk
$ mkdir -p /path/to/cros-piIf you are building a different release, make sure you use the actual directory name on your system, the name here mentioned is just an example.
First, you need to find out the reference name of the release you would like to build, by visiting this page https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/manifest.git:
You will see a list of Git commit IDs and its name in the form of refs/heads/release-Rxx-xxxx.B. That release-Rxx-XXXX.B link is what you need for fetching the code of that specific Chromium OS release. For example, release-R102-14695.B for release r114.
Now run these commands to fetch the source code. Find and use a different release name if you would like to build a different release.
(outside)
#Assuming you understand what /path/to means. If not, replace it with '~'
$ cd /path/to/cros-pi
$ repo init -u https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromiumos/manifest.git --repo-url https://chromium.googlesource.com/external/repo.git -b release-R114-15437.B
# Raise this number if you have a fast internet connection
$ repo sync -j8Fetching Chromium OS source code may take 20 to more than 40 minutes depending on your connection speed, around 10GB of data will need to be downloaded primarily from googlesource.com, it'd be helpful if you have a decent internet speed to reach Google's server.
If you don't need to compile your modified version of Chromium, you can skip this step.
If you would like to login into the Chromium OS GUI by using your Google account, you will need to request for Google API key and include them in the disk image you build. Since the only authentication mechanism included in Chromium OS is Google ID, you probably will need this or you will only be able to log in as a guest user.
Apply for Google API on the Google website per this document. After acquiring the client ID, client secret and API key, put them in ~/.googleapikeys file as in the below format.
'google_api_key': 'your api key',
'google_default_client_id': 'your client id',
'google_default_client_secret': 'your client secret',
Then the Chromium OS build script will read the necessary information from this file automatically, and the image you build will allow Google ID login.
Now fetch this overlay and also create symlinks in the designated place.
(outside)
$ cd /path/to/overlays
$ git clone https://github.com/fydeos/chromium_os-raspberry_pi.git .
$ cd /path/to/cros-pi/src/overlays
$ ln -s /path/to/overlays/* .By now, your cros-pi/src/overlays directory should have included symbolic links for:
project-cros-pibaseboard-rpi3overlay-rpi3overlay-rpi4chipset-bcm2837
If you don't need to compile your modified version of Chromium, you can skip this step.
It's recommended to build Chromium browser on your local setup so that your Chromium OS for Raspberry Pi could benefit from the additional functionalities like kiosk mode, you will also have the option to incorporate your modifications. If you wish to do so, you need to prepare the necessary files before entering the cros_sdk.
As far as this project is concerned, the chromium source that we use to build our releases can be found in the chromium-raspberry_pi project. You may also choose to use Google's vanilla chromium repository which can be found here.
Note that we use a much simpler way to manage releases, with our chromium-raspberry_pi project you need to select the correct branch corresponding to the repo manifest you used in the previous step to sync your Chromium OS code. For example, if you are building r102, you will then need to look out for "chromium-m102" branch under chromium-raspberry_pi. The letter "m" stands for "milestone" and it correlates to the release number for Chromium OS(r102 in this case). Choosing an unmatched chromium milestone branch and Chromium OS repo will probably result in endless build errors.
With Google's repository, you need to choose a correct release tag rather than a branch. For example, if you are building r102, you can browse all existing chromium release tags on this page and deduce that the latest tag on your desired milestone version. At the point where this was written, this would be 102.0.5005.90.
Having understood the above, now create a directory parallel to your Chromium OS repo to house the chromium source:
(outside)
$ mkdir chromium-pi
$ cd chromium-pi
$ mkdir src
$ cd srcNow clone the desired chromium project:
(outside)
# use google's vanilla chromium
$ git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git . Note that chromium is an absolute HUGE project, cloning the entire repo will require ~22GB of disk space and will require about 2 hours to complete even if you have a decent internet speed.
Then choose the correct branch/tag
(outside)
#with Google's repo and you wish to build for r102
$ git checkout 114.0.5735.337Now you need to create a config file known to gclient for syncing the chromium dependencies:
(outside)
$ cd ..
# now you should be in /path/to/chromium-pi
$ touch .gclientThe .gclient file should have the following content, note that you should replace the correct branch name with the url field (in this example we use chromium-m102) you may also replace the url value to Google's per your setup.
solutions = [{'custom_deps': {},
'custom_vars': {},
'deps_file': '.DEPS.git',
'managed': False,
'name': 'src',
'url': 'git@github.com:FydeOS/chromium-raspberry_pi.git@refs/remotes/origin/chromium-m102'}]
target_os = ['chromeos']
Now you can start syncing:
(outside)
$ gclient syncNote, due to an existing issue with WebRTC, during syncing you may encounter a git related error complaining fetch failure(if you do not see such error, you can safely ignore this and move on). A temporary fix is to manually edit the src/third_party/webrtc/.git/config file under the WebRTC folder:
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
url = https://webrtc.googlesource.com/src.git
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
fetch = +refs/branch-heads/*:refs/remotes/branch-heads/*
[branch "master"]
remote = origin
merge = refs/heads/master
Once gclient sync is completed, the chromium source folder is now fully set up.
As mentioned above, a chroot environment will be used to run the actual build process and some other related tasks. To create the chroot environment, run the below commands.
(outside)
$ cd /path/to/cros-pi
$ cros_sdk
If you wish to build your chromium and you have to follow the steps to set it up, you need to specify it when entering the cros_sdk by:
(outside)
$ cd /path/to/cros-pi
$ cros_sdk --chrome-root /path/to/your/chromium-pi #absolute path neededIt may take 10 to over 30 minutes depending on your internet connection speed and disk i/o speed. Once finished, it will enter into the chroot. The shell prompt string looks like below so it is very easy to tell whether you are currently in the chroot or not.
(inside)
(release-R114-15437.B/(xxxxxx...)) <user>@<host> ~/trunk/src/scripts $
The chroot environment is located under the /path/to/cros-pi/chroot directory.
Let's exit from the chroot first as we need to do some customisation before moving on. Type exit or ctrl + d to exit from the chroot shell.
Usually, the chroot only needs to be created once and can be used to build a board many times or build different boards. It very rarely needs to be removed/re-created.
If you would like to remove the chroot and re-create it from scratch, don't delete the chroot directory directly. As there could be directories from the host OS bind mounted in the chroot, an rm chroot command could remove files from your host OS undesirably.
The correct way to remove the chroot is by using the below commands.
(outside)
$ cd /path/to/cros-pi
$ cros_sdk --deletePrograms running inside the chroot will not be able to access files outside of the chroot. One way to circumvent this is to bind-mount those files into a directory inside the chroot.
When entering the Chromium OS chroot environment, a file named .local_mounts will be checked and directories listed in it will be bind-mounted inside the chroot. All we need to do is to create this file in the right place and put the necessary contents in, by using the below command.
(outside)
$ echo "/path/to/overlays" > /path/to/cros-pi/src/scripts/.local_mountsNow, after entering the chroot, a /path/to/overlays directory will exist in the chroot and its content is the same as the /path/to/overlays directory in the host OS, as it is bind-mounted from the host OS.
If we don't do this, the /path/to/cros-pi/src/overlays/overlay-rpi4 symbolic link will not be accessible, as the top directory (/path/to/overlays) it points to doesn't exist in the chroot.
Now we can enter the chroot.
(outside)
$ cd /path/to/cros-pi
$ cros_sdkIt is the same command used to create the chroot. It creates the chroot if one does not exist and enters the chroot if there is already one.
And we can check whether the above .local_mounts setup was done correctly.
(inside)
$ ls /path/to/overlays/ # You should be able to see the same content as in the host OS.
$ ls ../overlays/overlay-rpi4/ # You should be able to see the content of this repo.Move on if it works well. If not, check and make sure you set up .local_mounts correctly.
The chronos user is used to log into the command line interface of Chromium OS, via ssh, local console or the shell in crosh interface. It is recommended that a password is set for this user so you can log in as this user and also can do sudo in the Chromium OS command line, for advanced tasks.
To set a password for the chronos user, run the below command.
(inside)
$ ./set_shared_user_password.shType in a password when prompted. If you would like to change the password, simply run the command again.
The password is encrypted and saved in the file /etc/shared_user_passwd.txt in the chroot. You only need to set it once and it will be used for all the images you build unless you re-create the chroot.
In the Chromium OS terminology, a board refers to a class of computer platforms with distinct hardware configurations. The board will be used as a target in the process of building software packages and disk images for that specific computer platform.
There are many boards in the Chromium OS code base. They are either development platforms or real selling hardware products running Chrome OS, such as Chromebooks you can buy from many vendors.
The Chromium OS project utilises the Portage package management system from Gentoo Linux. Each board lives in its own "overlay", which holds distinct build configuration, system configurations, collection of software packages, system services, disk image customisation etc. for that board.
In our case here, we created a board named "rpi4" which refers to the Raspberry Pi 4B. We call the overlay "overlay-rpi4" and all its files are hosted in this repository.
To build Chromium OS for a board, the first thing is to initialise the board from its overlay.
Beginning from release 86 and onwards, we have done some efforts to add Raspberry Pi 3B/3B+ support to the Raspberry Pi 4B overlay. In the following steps, we will be using the rpi4 board as an example, the resulting image will also likely work on both Raspberry Pi 3B/3B+.
(inside)
$ setup_board --board=rpi4Again, it may take 10 to over 30 minutes depending on the speed of your internet connection and disk i/o.
Once it's done, a directory structure for the "rpi4" board will be created under /build/rpi4 of the chroot.
It is usually not necessary to re-initialise the board as what you have already built will be lost, and you will have to spend hours rebuilding all packages from scratch. But if you need to do so, just re-run the same setup_board command with the ---force option.
(inside)
$ setup_board --board=rpi4 --forceThe --force option will remove the existing board directory /build/rpi4 and re-create it from scratch.
Now it is time to build all software packages for the rpi4 board.
(inside)
build_packages --board=rpi4 --no-withautotest
# Append "--no-withautotest" to speed up the build process by skipping some testsIf you wish to build your chromium, please append the --no-use-any-chrome argument to the build_packages command.
（inside)
build_packages --board=rpi4 --no-withautotest --no-use-any-chrome
It may take hours depending on your processor power, your memory size, your disk speed and the quality of your internet connection. Here are some examples for you to adjust your expectation:
- On a decent machine with 4 cores 8 threads, 16GB memory, files on regular HDD, and 100Mb broadband, it takes about 5 to 6 hours for the command to finish.
- On a Workstation-grade server with AMD Threadripper 3990x CPU with 64-core 128-thread, 128GB memory and 300Mb broadband, it takes 44mins for the command to finish.
-
What is happening now
The
build_packagesscript acts as an entry point to initialise a series of processes aiming to compile all the necessary software packages from source code and build them together forming Chromium OS as a whole. During the process there are a few required dependencies will be fetched and cloned from GitHub, so please do ensure a decent internet connection to github.com. -
When interrupted
The build process is incremental. If it gets interrupted for any reason, you can always re-run the same
build_packagescommand and it will resume the build instead of rebuilding from scratch. -
Read the output
The
build_packagescommand throws out a lot of information on the console. Fortunately, that information is very well organised.- Red text: these are error messages and very likely will cause the build process to break.
- Green text: these are useful messages printed by the build script itself. They are useful when debugging problem.
- White text: these are regular information that mostly is printed by the commands called in the build script. They provide more details about the build process and thus are also useful for debugging.
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Read the logs
The
build_packagesscript spends most of its airtime on running theemergecommands, to build, install and pack those hundreds of software packages required by the overlay. Theemergecommand is from the Portage system of Gentoo Linux.The
emergecommand saves the output of its building, installation and packing process into log files. These files are extremely useful if there is a failure when building packages. Those log files are located under the/build/rpi4/tmp/portage/logsdirectory of the chroot. They are plain text files so can be viewed right from your command-line interface.
After the build_packages command is finished successfully, you can start building the disk image.
(inside)
$ build_image --board=rpi4 --noenable_rootfs_verification
# Append --noenable_rootfs_verification flag to enable root file system read/write on the built imageIt may take 10 to 30 minutes, mainly depending on the speed of your disk. It will be much faster on SSD than on HDD.
After the command finished successfully, you will have disk images generated, saved under /mnt/host/source/src/build/images/rpi4/ directory in the chroot, or /path/to/cros-pi/src/build/images/rpi4 in the host OS. These two are the same directory, just bind mounted in the chroot.
Each invocation of the build_image command will create a directory named similar to R102-XXXX.XXX.<date time>-a1 under above directory. There is a symlink named latest under the above directory, that always points to the image directory of the last successful build.
The disk image is usually named chromiumos_image.bin, under the abovementioned directory. So full path to the latest image is
/mnt/host/source/src/build/images/rpi4/latest/chromiumos_image.bin
in the chroot, and
/path/to/cros-pi/src/build/images/rpi4/latest/chromiumos_image.bin
in the host OS.
The Raspberry Pi boots from the SD card so we need to write the previously generated disk image onto the SD card. An SD card of at least 8GB capacity is required.
There are two usual ways to write the Chromium OS disk image to an SD card. You can copy the image out to another Windows/macOS/Linux system and write it using your favourite GUI/CLI application. It is the same as writing other Linux images for Raspberry Pi, so will not be explained here.
Another Chromium OS-specific way is by using the cros command in the chroot.
First, plug the SD card into the box used to build the image and has the chroot. Then run the below command.
(inside)
$ cros flash usb:// rpi4/latest
This asks to write the latest disk image to USB removable media. A list of USB removable media will be presented, with the index number prefixed. You can select which USB drive to write to by typing in the index number when prompted.
After the disk image is successfully written to the SD card, plug it into the Raspberry Pi and boot it as usual. After a few seconds, you will see a Chromium logo, later on, it will boot into GUI mode and the first time setup screen (OOBE) will pop up for you to configure the system and log in.
Chromium OS Developer Guide. This is the official source of how to build Chromium OS.
openFyde, the open-sourced version of FydeOS.
The FydeOS website, our home.
FydeOS official Telegram group, to say hi and get help.
Fyde began with a vision where all applications and services we use today will be living in the Cloud. We believed that with the ever-advancing browser platform technology and web frontend performances, it’s not surprising that most things we do today with the internet can be done through a single browser window. We are stepping into an era where installable apps will soon become history. FydeOS is our answer to this new era of computing.
FydeOS is a simple, secure, fast and productive operating system. Based on the open-source Chromium Project that also powers the well-known Google Chromebooks. FydeOS inherits most of the benefits that Chromebooks have but is also bundled with our enhancements and new features. We have turned FydeOS into a more open platform, users will no longer be forced to rely on Google services and have the freedom to choose whichever services they prefer. We have also made FydeOS run on a wider range of hardware platforms ranging from x86 PCs and ARM-based single board computers, providing endless possibilities and potentials of how FydeOS can be used and applied.
