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# Workshop 32 - Introduction to Zig | ||
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Welcome to this introductory workshop on Zig! Zig is a modern programming language that emphasizes robustness, performance and clarity. Today, you'll learn : | ||
✔️ How to install Zig | ||
✔️ Create your first project | ||
✔️ Discover the language's key concepts by creating a few projects | ||
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## Introduction | ||
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Zig is a general-purpose programming language focused on robustness, performance, and simplicity. It offers manual memory management, safety features, built-in cross-compilation, and seamless C interoperability, making it ideal for system programming and high-performance applications. | ||
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## Step 0 - SETUP | ||
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All the required information to install dependencies can be found in [SETUP.md](./SETUP.md). | ||
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> 💡 We recommend you to follow the [Getting started](https://ziglang.org/learn/getting-started/) for this workshop. | ||
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## Step 1 - Hello World! in Zig | ||
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> ❗ We strongly advise you to use the documentation provided for this exercise. | ||
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📑 Description: | ||
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For the first exercise, we simply ask you to write `Hello world!` in your terminal when you run your program. | ||
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📌 Tasks: | ||
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Create a file `main.zig` in a folder called `src` with your logic to print the "hello world" | ||
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src | ||
└── main.zig | ||
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📚 Documentation: | ||
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> 💡 Now, that you have created a file `main.zig`, you can use other zig files. To use them in your `main.zig` you have to integrate the module ([read more](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71186556/how-do-i-include-one-zig-file-from-another-zig-file)) | ||
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- [Build System](https://ziglang.org/learn/build-system/) | ||
- [Doc.Zig](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/) | ||
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✔️ Validation: | ||
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you should see the following : | ||
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```sh | ||
Hello, World! | ||
``` | ||
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## Step 2 - Palindrome? | ||
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📑 Description: | ||
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For the second exercise, you have to create a function that takes as parameter a string `word`. | ||
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📌 Tasks: | ||
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Create a file `palindrome.zig` for this new function. | ||
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This function must return true if the word given in parameter is a palindrome and false in the opposite case. | ||
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📚 Documentation: | ||
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-[What is a palindrome ?](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Palindrome) | ||
-[New function](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Functions) | ||
-[The types in Zig](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Primitive-Types) | ||
-[Control_Structures](https://zig.guide/language-basics/while-loops) | ||
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✔️ Validation: | ||
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Here's a main example : | ||
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pub fn main() void { | ||
const stdout = std.io.getStdOut().writer(); | ||
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const test_word1 = "madam"; | ||
const test_word2 = "hello"; | ||
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const result1 = is_palindrome(test_word1); | ||
const result2 = is_palindrome(test_word2); | ||
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stdout.print("{} is palindrome: {}\n", .{test_word1, result1}) catch {}; | ||
stdout.print("{} is palindrome: {}\n", .{test_word2, result2}) catch {}; | ||
} | ||
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When you compile and run palindrome.zig, the output should be: | ||
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```sh | ||
madam is palindrome: true | ||
``` | ||
or | ||
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```sh | ||
hello is palindrome: false | ||
``` | ||
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## Step 3 - Fibonacci sequence | ||
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📑 Description: | ||
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For the third exercise, you need to create a function that generates and displays the Fibonacci sequence up to a specified number of elements. | ||
There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. Do you think there could be another exercice that the fibonacci? I don't think imlementing the Fibonacci sequence will use Zig features that are useful + this step has already been done in rust workshop, try to not copy the steps and only change the langage, people comming from the rust workshop will change a few keywords and they will finish the step, they learned nothing but just replace keywords from rurst to zig. |
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📌 Tasks: | ||
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- Create a file `fibonacci.zig` for this new function. | ||
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For the third exercise, create a function that takes one parameter: | ||
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- A number `max` with type `i32` that represent the number of element to compute. | ||
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- You must now display the sequence of Fibonacci from the number of starts to the `max` value. | ||
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Here is a small example of the beginning of the Fibonacci sequence: | ||
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```shell | ||
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, ... | ||
``` | ||
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📚 Documentation: | ||
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-[Fibonacci number](https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Fibonacci_number) | ||
-[Match](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Standard-Library-Math-Functions) | ||
-[Vector](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Vectors) | ||
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✔️ Validation: | ||
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Given the Fibonacci sequence (see previous example), if max is 5, the function should output: | ||
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```sh | ||
0, 1, 1, 2, 3 | ||
``` | ||
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## Step 4 - A simple and useful `Calculator` | ||
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📑 Description: | ||
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Let's go further now! | ||
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The objective of this fifth exercise is to create a simplifying calculator. | ||
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📌 Tasks: | ||
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- Create a file `calculator.zig` for this new function. | ||
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To do this, you have to make a calculator that can do: | ||
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- `Addition` | ||
- `Multiplication` | ||
- `Division` | ||
- `Subtraction` | ||
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- between two values that must be retrieved one after the other from the user's input. | ||
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> 💡 Pay attention to your error handling ! | ||
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- Display the result of the calculation in your terminal. | ||
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📚 Documentation: | ||
-[Errors](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Errors) | ||
-[Memory](https://zig.guide/standard-library/allocators) | ||
-[ArrayList](https://zig.guide/standard-library/arraylist) | ||
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✔️ Validation: | ||
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You should get something like this : | ||
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```sh | ||
First number: 5 | ||
Operation: + | ||
Second number: 3 | ||
8 | ||
``` | ||
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Here's a typical error handeling example : | ||
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```sh | ||
First number: abc | ||
Operation: + | ||
Second number: 3 | ||
Expected Output: Error message indicating invalid input. | ||
``` | ||
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## Bonuses - TO DO List and C Code translation | ||
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### TO DO List | ||
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📑 Description: | ||
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Now that you're used to the basics, you will do a little project to apply what you've learnt so far. | ||
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📌 Tasks: | ||
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Create a command-line todo list application where you can: | ||
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- Add a new todo | ||
- Delete a todo by ID | ||
- View all todos | ||
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Each todo should have at least three fields: | ||
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- id (auto-incremented) | ||
- name | ||
- description | ||
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> 💡 To easily test your functions during this workshop remember to check the testing tools mentioned above | ||
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📚 Documentation: | ||
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- [New function](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Functions) | ||
- [The types in Zig](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Primitive-Types) | ||
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✔️ Validation: | ||
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```sh | ||
./zig-out/bin/main | ||
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Choose an action: | ||
1. Add Todo | ||
2. Delete Todo | ||
3. View Todos | ||
4. Exit | ||
> 1 | ||
Enter name: Buy groceries | ||
Enter description: Milk, eggs, and bread | ||
Todo added successfully. | ||
``` | ||
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```sh | ||
Choose an action: | ||
5. Add Todo | ||
6. Delete Todo | ||
7. View Todos | ||
8. Exit | ||
> 3 | ||
ID: 1, Name: Buy groceries, Description: Milk, eggs, and bread | ||
Choose an action: | ||
9. Add Todo | ||
10. Delete Todo | ||
11. View Todos | ||
12. Exit | ||
> 4 | ||
``` | ||
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> 💡 Pay attention to your error handling ! | ||
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### Use The C Translation tool | ||
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📑 Description: | ||
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Zig provides the command zig translate-c for automatic translation from C source code. You can try to read the documentation and have fun with the tool. | ||
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📚 Documentation: | ||
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-[Translate-C](https://zig.guide/working-with-c/translate-c) | ||
-[cImport](https://zig.guide/working-with-c/c-import) | ||
-[LinkLibC](https://zig.guide/working-with-c/linking-libc) | ||
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## Conclusion | ||
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Well done ! You've accomplished a lot with the Zig Workshop, and there is so much more to discover. Refer to the official documentation to deep-dive into it. | ||
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Hope you enjoyed the workshop! | ||
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## Authors | ||
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- Elie STROUN | ||
- Pierre LISSOPE | ||
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> 🚀 Follow us on our different social networks, and put a star 🌟 on `PoC's` repositories. |
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# Installing Zig | ||
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## For Fedora | ||
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Since most students use Fedora, installing Zig is very simple. Just open a terminal and run the following command: | ||
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```sh | ||
sudo dnf install zig | ||
``` | ||
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### For other operating systems | ||
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- Visit the official Zig website: ziglang.org. | ||
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### to check installation | ||
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```sh | ||
zig version | ||
``` | ||
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## Initializing a Zig Project | ||
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### Step 1: Create a new project | ||
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To create a new Zig project, open a terminal and navigate to the directory where you wish to create your project. Then run the following command: | ||
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```sh | ||
zig init | ||
``` | ||
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This command will create a basic project structure with the necessary files. | ||
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### Step 2: Explore the project structure | ||
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Once the project has been created, you'll see the following structure: | ||
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```css | ||
. | ||
├── build.zig | ||
├── build.zig.zon | ||
└── src | ||
├── main.zig | ||
└── root.zig | ||
``` | ||
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- build.zig: This file is a build script for your Zig project. | ||
- src/main.zig: This is the entry point for your Zig program. | ||
- src/root.zig: This is a sub-file of example (don't worry if you don't have it). | ||
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### Step 3: Compile and run the project | ||
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To compile your project, run the following command in your project directory: | ||
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```sh | ||
zig build | ||
``` | ||
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After compilation, a binary will be generated in the zig-out/bin folder (it may be called something different depending on the name of your folder). To run this binary, use the following command: | ||
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```sh | ||
./zig-out/bin/main | ||
``` | ||
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You should see the messages: | ||
"All your codebase are belong to us. | ||
Run `zig build test` to run the tests." are displayed, indicating that your project has been correctly configured and compiled. | ||
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### Next step | ||
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Now that your basic project is ready, let's explore the basic concepts of the Zig language and develop a palindrome detection program. |
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Here you are printing "madam is palindrome: true", you should create an main function with the example so the user can understand how you test it even if it seems that the palindrome function returns a boolean and you print it then in the main function.