Hashing

This repo shows one way of achieving the Hashing/Hash Tables using open-addressing and quadratic probing.

Instructions

Instructions will be as to compile and run on the NJIT AFS servers' Linux.

Compile

g++ -std=c++11 hashing.cpp -o hashing

Run

./hashing fileOption1.txt

PrP Description for Hashing

2 OPTION 1: Hashing ( 160 points) We are asking you to implement a Lexicon structure to store arbitrarily long strings of ASCII chars (i.e.words). Lexicon L uses a Hash Table T structure along with an Array A of NUL separated words. In our case words are going to be English character words only (upper-case or lower case). Table T will be organized as a hash-table using collision-resolution by open-addressing as specified in class. You are going to use quadratic probing forh(k,i)and keep the choice of the quadratic function simple: i**2 so that h(k,i) = (h′(k)+i**2)modN. The keys that you will hash are going to be English words. Thus function h′(k) is also going to be kept simple: the sum of the ASCII/Unicode values of the characters minus 2 modN, where N is the number of slots of T. Thus "alex" is mapped to 97+108+101+120−2 modN whatever N is. In the example below, for N=11, h(alex,0) =6. Table T however won't store key k in it. This is because the keys are of arbitrary length. Instead, T will store pointers/references in the form of an index to another array A. The second table, array A will be a character array and will store the words maintained in T separated by NUL values \0. This is not 2 characters a backslash followed by a zero. It is 1B (ASCII), 2B (UNICODE) whose all bits are set to 0, the NUL value. If you don't know what B is, it is a byte; read Handout 3. An insertion operation affects T and A. A word w is hashed, an available slot in T is computed and let that slot be t. In T[t] we store an index to table A. This index is the first location that stores the first character of w. The ending location is the \0 following w in A. New words that do not exist (never inserted, or inserted but subsequently deleted) are appended in A. Thus originally you need to be wise enough in choosing the appropriate size of A. If at some point you run-out of space, you increase T and thus this increases A as well. Doubling T i.e. N, is an option. This causes problems that you also need to attend to. A deletion will modify T as needed but will not erase w from A. Let it be there. So A might get dirty (i.e. it contains garbage) after several deletions. If several operations later you end up inserting w after deleting it previously, you do it the insertion way and you reinsert w, even if a dirty copy of it might still be around. You DO NOT DO a linear search to find out if it exists arleady in A; it is inefficient. There is not much to say for a search. You need to support few more operations: Print, Create, Empty/Full/Batch with the last of those checking for an empty or full table/array and a mechanism to perform multiple operations in batch form. Print prints nicely T and its contents i.e. index values to A. In addition it prints nicely (linear-wise in oneline) the contents of A. (For a \0 you will do the SEMI obvious: print a backslash but not its zero). The intent of Print is to assist the grader. Print however does not print the words of A for deleted words. It prints stars for every character of a deleted word instead. (An alternative is that during deletion each such character has already been turned into a star.) Function Create creates T with N slots, and A with 15N chars and initializes A to spaces. We call a class that supports and realizes A and T a lexicon: L is one instance of a lexicon. Your code should thus implement as functions minimally the functions mentioned above: Create, Print, Empty, Full, Batch, Insert, Delete, Search. Testing utilizes a Batch function with argument a filename that is going to be provided as a commandline argument. That file consists of multiple lines containing one command per line. An example file is provided in Section B of the course web-page related to the example below. Each command is a numeric equivalent of the function named earlier plus one more (for comment). Command 10 is Insert, Command 11 is Deletion, and Command 12 is Search. Command 13 is Print, Command 14 is Create. Command 15 is Comment: the rest of the line marked by a 15 is ignored. Command 14 for Create has an argument which is the value of N. Each one of 10, 11, and 12 has an argument which is a string.