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marcbezem committed Nov 16, 2023
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Expand Up @@ -2445,7 +2445,7 @@ \section{Interlude: combinatorics of permutations}
The two groups of parentheses indicate the two cycles,
and the order within a group indicates the cyclic order.
Since the starting point in a cycle doesn't matter,
we could also have written $(3\;1\;2)(5\;4)$.
we could also have written, \eg $(3\;1\;2)(5\;4)$.

In general, if $a_1,a_2,\dots,a_k$ are pairwise distinct elements of a decidable set $A$,
then we write $(a_1\;a_2\;\cdots\;a_k)$ for the permutation of $A$
Expand All @@ -2469,6 +2469,10 @@ \section{Interlude: combinatorics of permutations}

It's only for decidable $X$, however, that we can express these
cycles as cyclic permutations.
\MB{Alternative: Note that cyclic permutations can move at most finitely many elements,
and cannot give, \eg the infinite cycle $(\zet,\zs)$.
Moreover, to define the cycle $(X,t)$ from,
\eg the transposition $(x\;x')$ requires that the set $X$ is decidable.}
\end{remark}

\begin{definition}\label{def:support-permutation}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2496,14 +2500,15 @@ \section{Interlude: combinatorics of permutations}
\]
\end{xca}
\begin{corollary}
Any permutation of a finite set can be expressed a composition of transpositions.
Any permutation of a finite set can be expressed as
a composition of transpositions.
\end{corollary}
To show this, first write the permutation as a composition of cyclic permutations,
then apply~\cref{xca:perm-prod-transpositions} to each cycle.\footnote{%
This representation is not unique, as for example $(1\;2)=(2\;3)(1\;3)(2\;3)$
as permutations of $\set{1,2,3}$.
Below, in~\cref{cor:sign-defined}, we'll show that the \emph{parity} (odd/even)
of the number of transitions is invariant, however.}
However, in~\cref{cor:sign-defined} below, we'll show that
the \emph{parity} (odd/even) of the number of transitions is invariant.}

\begin{xca}
Show that there are $n!$ permutations of a finite set of cardinality $n$, where $n! \defeq \fact(n)$ is the usual notation for the factorial function.
Expand All @@ -2521,7 +2526,7 @@ \section{Interlude: combinatorics of permutations}
$\Aut(X \coprod \bn 1) \equivto (X \coprod \bn 1)' \times \Aut(X)$,
where
\[
Y' \defeq \sum_{y : Y}\prod_{z : Y}(y \eqto z \coprod y \ne z).
Y' \defeq \sum_{y : Y}\prod_{z : Y}((y \eqto z) \coprod ((y \eqto z)\to\emptytype).
\]
By a local version of Hedberg's~\cref{thm:hedberg},
$Y'$ is a subtype of $Y$.}%
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