docker: update to Debian 12 (Bookworm) #524

Job	Run time
Check DockerHub secrets exist	3s
test (debos-arch)	1m 25s
test (debos-bookworm)	1m 39s
test (debos-bullseye)	52s
test (debos-trixie)	1m 48s
Build Docker container	7m 59s
Run unit tests	2m 20s
recipes on nofakemachine	1m 24s
debian (amd64) on nofakemachine	13m 7s
debian (arm64) on nofakemachine	4m 16s
debian (armhf) on nofakemachine	5m 7s
recipes on qemu	1m 15s
debian (amd64) on qemu	7m 34s
debian (arm64) on qemu	46m 51s
debian (armhf) on qemu	48m 44s
recipes on uml	6m 39s
debian (amd64) on uml	5m 25s
debian (arm64) on uml	10m 13s
debian (armhf) on uml	20m 23s
arch on arch	12m 11s
partitioning on qemu	1m 13s
apertis on uml	8m 6s
partitioning on uml	1m 30s
allgreen	2s
Publish to DockerHub	0s
Publish to GHCR	0s
	3h 30m 6s

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