Bump all version requirements (espressomd#4905)

Description of changes:
- migrate to Ubuntu 24.04, Debian 12, Fedora 40, macOS 13
   - update all Python package requirements accordingly
   - apply new formatting rules and add `# nopep8` on f-strings that break `autopep8`
   - apply new linter rules and remove rules with too many false positives
- bump version requirements of waLBerla and Caliper
- rewrite handling of CUDA-specific CMake variables to follow best practices
- enable compiler warnings on CUDA source files
- introduce a new CI tag `reuse-artifacts-same-arch` to guarantee that CI jobs that download ESPResSo binaries from a previous CI job will always execute on a host runner with the same CPU architecture (to mitigate an issue where ESPResSo built with architecture-specific compiler flags on AMD ends up running on an Intel CPU)
- fix malformed Python strings in matplotlib labels containing LaTeX math
   - Jupyter modules like `nbconvert` now raise warnings when strings contain e.g. `$\sigma$` instead of `$\\sigma$`

.clang-tidy

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ Checks: |
    -bugprone-implicit-widening-of-multiplication-result,
    -bugprone-macro-parentheses,
    -bugprone-reserved-identifier,
+   -bugprone-switch-missing-default-case,
+   -bugprone-unchecked-optional-access,
    clang-analyzer-alpha.*,
    modernize-deprecated-headers,
    modernize-make-shared,
@@ -41,7 +43,6 @@ Checks: |
    readability-function-size'
 WarningsAsErrors: '*,-clang-analyzer-core.StackAddrEscapeBase,-clang-analyzer-optin.mpi.MPI-Checker'
 HeaderFilterRegex: '.*'
-AnalyzeTemporaryDtors: false
 FormatStyle:     none
 User: espresso
 CheckOptions:    

.github/actions/build_and_check/action.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ runs:
     - run: |
        brew install boost boost-mpi fftw
        brew install hdf5-mpi
-       pip3 install -c requirements.txt numpy "cython<3.0" h5py scipy
+       pip3 install -c requirements.txt "cython<3.0" numpy scipy h5py packaging
       shell: bash
       if: runner.os == 'macOS'
     - run: |

.github/workflows/push_pull.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
   macos:
-    runs-on: macos-12
+    runs-on: macos-13
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'espressomd/espresso' }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -20,22 +20,22 @@ jobs:
           key: macos
           save: ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/python' }}
       - name: Setup Python environment
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v4.3.1
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5.1.0
         with:
-          python-version: '3.9'
+          python-version: '3.12'
       - name: Get runner specifications
         run: system_profiler SPHardwareDataType
       - name: Build and check
         uses: ./.github/actions/build_and_check
         env:
-          build_procs: 3
-          check_procs: 3
+          build_procs: 4
+          check_procs: 4
           with_ccache: 'true'
 
   debian:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container:
-      image: ghcr.io/espressomd/docker/debian:339903979196fd7e72127f2cb5bfb27759d129f9-base-layer
+      image: ghcr.io/espressomd/docker/debian:7843821c7cfe66dc8b718bb4041eba52adaa2df0-base-layer
       credentials:
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
          password: ${{ secrets.github_token }}
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     if: ${{ github.repository == 'espressomd/espresso' }}
     container:
-      image: ghcr.io/espressomd/docker/ubuntu-wo-dependencies:339903979196fd7e72127f2cb5bfb27759d129f9-base-layer
+      image: ghcr.io/espressomd/docker/ubuntu-wo-dependencies:7843821c7cfe66dc8b718bb4041eba52adaa2df0-base-layer
       credentials:
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
          password: ${{ secrets.github_token }}