- Works with ARC, ORC,
--panics:on
,--experimental:strictFuncs
.
- Gatabase is designed as 1 simplified Strong Static Typed Connection-Pooling Compile-Time SQL DSL Sugar. Nim mimics SQL. ~1000 LoC.
- Gatabase syntax is almost the same as SQL syntax, no new ORM to learn ever again, any SQL WYSIWYG is your GUI.
- You can literally Copy&Paste a SQL query from StackOverflow to Gatabase and with few tiny syntax tweaks is running.
- SQL is Minified when build for Release, Pretty-Printed when build for Debug. It can be assigned to
let
andconst
. - Static Connection Pooling Array with 100+ ORM Queries.
- Uses only
system.nim
, everything done viatemplate
/macro
,strutils
is not imported, future-proof your code.
- All SQL standard syntax is supported.
- ✅
--
Human readable comments, multi-line comments produce multi-line SQL comments, requires Stropping. - ✅
COMMENT
, Postgres-only. - ✅
UNION
,UNION ALL
. - ✅
INTERSECT
,INTERSECT ALL
. - ✅
EXCEPT
,EXCEPT ALL
, requires Stropping. - ✅
CASE
with multipleWHEN
and 1ELSE
with correct indentation, requires Stropping. - ✅
INNER JOIN
,LEFT JOIN
,RIGHT JOIN
,FULL JOIN
. - ✅
OFFSET
. - ✅
LIMIT
. - ✅
FROM
, requires Stropping. - ✅
WHERE
,WHERE NOT
,WHERE EXISTS
,WHERE NOT EXISTS
. - ✅
ORDER BY
. - ✅
SELECT
,SELECT *
,SELECT DISTINCT
. - ✅
SELECT TOP
,SELECT MIN
,SELECT MAX
,SELECT AVG
,SELECT SUM
,SELECT COUNT
. - ✅
SELECT trim(lower( ))
for strings,SELECT round( )
for floats, useful shortcuts. - ✅
DELETE FROM
. - ✅
LIKE
,NOT LIKE
. - ✅
BETWEEN
,NOT BETWEEN
. - ✅
HAVING
. - ✅
INSERT INTO
. - ✅
IS NULL
,IS NOT NULL
. - ✅
UPDATE
,SET
. - ✅
VALUES
. - ✅
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS
. - ✅
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS
.
Not supported:
- Deep complex nested SubQueries are not supported, because KISS.
TRUNCATE
, because is the same asDELETE FROM
without aWHERE
.WHERE IN
,WHERE NOT IN
, because is the same asJOIN
, butJOIN
is a lot faster.
Nim StdLib API | Gatabase ORM API |
---|---|
tryExec |
tryExec |
exec |
exec |
getRow |
getRow |
getAllRows |
getAllRows |
getValue |
getValue |
tryInsertID |
tryInsertID |
insertID |
insertID |
execAffectedRows |
execAffectedRows |
Output | Gatabase ORM API |
---|---|
bool |
tryExec |
Row |
getRow |
seq[Row] |
getAllRows |
int64 |
tryInsertID |
int64 |
insertID |
int64 |
execAffectedRows |
SqlQuery |
sqls |
any |
getValue |
exec |
getValue
can return any specific arbitrary concrete type, depending on the arguments used (Optional).- Gatabase Sugar can return very specific concrete types (Optional).
-- SQL Comments are supported, but stripped when build for Release. This is SQL.
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
`--` "SQL Comments are supported, but stripped when build for Release. This is Nim."
SELECT *
FROM sometable
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
select '*'
`from` "sometable"
SELECT somecolumn
FROM sometable
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
select "somecolumn"
`from` "sometable"
SELECT DISTINCT somecolumn
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
selectdistinct "somecolumn"
SELECT MIN(somecolumn)
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
selectmin "somecolumn"
SELECT MAX(somecolumn)
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
selectmax "somecolumn"
SELECT COUNT(somecolumn)
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
selectcount "somecolumn"
SELECT AVG(somecolumn)
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
selectavg "somecolumn"
SELECT SUM(somecolumn)
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
selectsum "somecolumn"
SELECT trim(lower(somestringcolumn))
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
selecttrim "somestringcolumn"
SELECT round(somefloatcolumn, 2)
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
selectround2 "somefloatcolumn"
SELECT round(somefloatcolumn, 4)
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
selectround4 "somefloatcolumn"
SELECT round(somefloatcolumn, 6)
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
selectround6 "somefloatcolumn"
SELECT TOP 5 *
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
selecttop 5
SELECT somecolumn
FROM sometable
WHERE power > 9000
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
select "somecolumn"
`from` "sometable"
where "power > 9000"
OFFSET 9
LIMIT 42
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
offset 9
limit 42
INSERT INTO person
VALUES (42, 'Nikola Tesla', true, 'nikola.tesla@nim-lang.org', 9.6)
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
insertinto "person"
values 5
Example:
insertinto "person"
values 5
⬆️ Nim ⬆️ ⬇️ Generated SQL ⬇️
INSERT INTO person
VALUES ( ?, ?, ?, ?, ? )
- The actual values are passed via
varargs
directly using stdlib, Gatabase does not format values ever. - Nim code
values 5
generatesVALUES ( ?, ?, ?, ?, ? )
.
UPDATE person
SET name = 'Nikola Tesla', mail = 'nikola.tesla@nim-lang.org'
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
update "person"
set ["name", "mail"]
Example:
update "person"
set ["name", "mail"]
⬆️ Nim ⬆️ ⬇️ Generated SQL ⬇️
UPDATE person
SET name = ?, mail = ?
- The actual values are passed via
varargs
directly using stdlib, Gatabase does not format values ever. - Nim code
set ["key", "other", "another"]
generatesSET key = ?, other = ?, another = ?
.
DELETE debts
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
delete "debts"
ORDER BY ASC
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
orderby "asc"
ORDER BY DESC
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
orderby "desc"
CASE
WHEN foo > 10 THEN 9
WHEN bar < 42 THEN 5
ELSE 0
END
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
`case` {
"foo > 10": "9",
"bar < 42": "5",
"else": "0"
}
COMMENT ON TABLE myTable IS 'This is an SQL COMMENT on a TABLE'
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
commentontable {"myTable": "This is an SQL COMMENT on a TABLE"}
COMMENT ON COLUMN myColumn IS 'This is an SQL COMMENT on a COLUMN'
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
commentoncolumn {"myColumn": "This is an SQL COMMENT on a COLUMN"}
COMMENT ON DATABASE myDatabase IS 'This is an SQL COMMENT on a DATABASE'
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
commentondatabase {"myDatabase": "This is an SQL COMMENT on a DATABASE"}
GROUP BY country
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
groupby "country"
FULL JOIN tablename
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
fulljoin "tablename"
INNER JOIN tablename
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
innerjoin "tablename"
LEFT JOIN tablename
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
leftjoin "tablename"
RIGHT JOIN tablename
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
rightjoin "tablename"
HAVING beer > 5
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
having "beer > 5"
UNION ALL
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
union true
UNION
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
union false
INTERSECT ALL
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
intersect true
INTERSECT
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
intersect false
EXCEPT ALL
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
`except` true
EXCEPT
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
`except` false
IS NULL
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
isnull true
IS NOT NULL
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
isnull false
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tablename
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
dropTable "tablename"
dropTable
is part of Gatabase Sugar (Optional).
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS kitten(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
age INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
sex VARCHAR(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'f',
name TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'fluffy',
rank REAL NOT NULL DEFAULT 3.14,
);
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
let myTable = createTable "kitten": [
"age" := 1,
"sex" := 'f',
"name" := "fluffy",
"rank" := 3.14,
]
No default values:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS kitten(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
age INTEGER,
sex VARCHAR(1),
name TEXT,
rank REAL,
);
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
let myTable = createTable "kitten": [
"age" := int,
"sex" := char,
"name" := string,
"rank" := float,
]
More examples:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS kitten(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
age INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
sex VARCHAR(1),
);
⬆️ SQL ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim ⬇️
let myTable = createTable "kitten": [
"age" := 1,
"sex" := char,
]
And more examples: https://github.com/juancarlospaco/nim-gatabase/blob/master/examples/database_fields_example.nim#L1
createTable
is part of Gatabase Sugar (Optional).
- Nim
'*'
➡️ SQL*
. - Nim
'?'
➡️ SQL?
.
Gatabase wont like Obfuscation, its code is easy to read and similar to Pretty-Printed SQL. nimpretty
friendly. Very KISS.
Compiles Ok:
let variable = sqls:
select '*'
`from` "clients"
groupby "country"
orderby AscNullsLast
Fails to Compile:
let variable = sqls: select('*') from("clients") groupby("country") orderby(AscNullsLast)
let variable = sqls: '*'.select() "clients".from() "country".groupby() AscNullsLast.orderby()
let variable = sqls: select '*' from "clients" groupby "country" orderby AscNullsLast
let variable = sqls:select'*' from"clients" groupby"country" orderby AscNullsLast
This helps on big projects where each developer tries to use a different code style.
Nim has template
is like a literal copy&paste of code in-place with no performance cost,
that allows you to create your own custom ORM function callbacks on-the-fly,
like the ones used on scripting languages.
template getMemes(): string =
result = [].getValue:
select "url"
`from` "memes"
limit 1
Then you do getMemes()
when you need it❕. The API that fits your ideas.
From this MyClass.meta.Session.query(Memes).all().filter().first()
to this getMemes()
.
Remember on Python2 you had like print "value"
?, on Nim you can do the same for any function,
then we made functions to mimic basic standard SQL, like select "value"
and it worked,
its Type-Safe and valid Nim code, you have an ORM that gives you the freedom and power,
this allows to support interesting features, like CASE
, UNION
, INTERSECT
, COMMENT
, etc.
When you get used to template
it requires a lot less code to do the same than SQLAlchemy.
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, MetaData, Table
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Boolean, Float
engine = create_engine("sqlite:///:memory:", echo=False)
engine.execute("""
create table if not exists person(
id integer primary key,
name varchar(9) not null unique,
active bool not null default true,
rank float not null default 0.0
); """
)
meta = MetaData()
persons = Table(
"person", meta,
Column("id", Integer, primary_key = True),
Column("name", String, nullable = False, unique = True),
Column("active", Boolean, nullable = False, default = True),
Column("rank", Float, nullable = False, default = 0.0),
)
conn = engine.connect()
ins = persons.insert()
ins = persons.insert().values(id = 42, name = "Pepe", active = True, rank = 9.6)
result = conn.execute(ins)
persons_query = persons.select()
result = conn.execute(persons_query)
row = result.fetchone()
print(row)
⬆️ CPython 3 + SQLAlchemy ⬆️ ⬇️ Nim 1.0 + Gatabase ⬇️
import db_sqlite, gatabase
let db = open(":memory:", "", "", "")
db.exec(sql"""
create table if not exists person(
id integer primary key,
name varchar(9) not null unique,
active bool not null default true,
rank float not null default 0.0
); """)
exec [42, "Pepe", true, 9.6]:
insertinto "person"
values 4
let row = [].getRow:
select '*'
`from` "person"
echo row
It will perform a SQL Syntax checking at compile-time. Examples here Fail intentionally as expected:
exec []:
where "failure"
Fails to compile as expected, with a friendly error:
gatabase.nim(48, 16) Warning: WHERE without SELECT nor INSERT nor UPDATE nor DELETE.
Typical error of making a DELETE FROM
without WHERE
that deletes all your data:
exec []:
delete "users"
Compiles but prints a friendly warning:
gatabase.nim(207, 57) Warning: DELETE FROM without WHERE.
Typical bad practice of using SELECT *
everywhere:
exec []:
select '*'
Compiles but prints a friendly warning:
gatabase.nim(20, 50) Warning: SELECT * is bad practice.
Non-SQL wont compile, even if its valid Nim:
sqls:
discard
sqls:
echo "This is not SQL, wont compile"
$ nimble test
[Suite] Gatabase ORM Tests
[OK] let INSERT INTO
[OK] let SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE
[OK] let SELECT ... (comment) ... FROM ... COMMENT
[OK] let SELECT ... FROM ... LIMIT ... OFFSET
[OK] let INSERT INTO
[OK] let UNION ALL ... ORBER BY ... IS NOT NULL
[OK] let SELECT DISTINCT ... FROM ... WHERE
[OK] let INSERT INTO
[OK] const SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE
[OK] const SELECT ... (comment) ... FROM ... COMMENT
[OK] const SELECT ... FROM ... LIMIT ... OFFSET
[OK] const INSERT INTO
[OK] const UNION ALL ... ORBER BY ... IS NOT NULL
[OK] const INTERSECT ALL
[OK] const EXCEPT ALL
[OK] const SELECT DISTINCT ... FROM ... WHERE
[OK] var CASE
[OK] var SELECT MAX .. WHERE EXISTS ... OFFSET ... LIMIT ... ORDER BY
[OK] SELECT TRIM
[OK] SELECT ROUND
[OK] var DELETE FROM WHERE
- Tests use a real database SQLite on RAM
":memory:"
with a"person"
table. +20 Tests. - CI uses GitHub Actions CI.
- None.
- This is not an ORM ?.
Object-relational mapping in computer science is a programming technique for converting data between incompatible type systems using object-oriented programming languages.
Feel free to contribute to Wikipedia.
- Supports SQLite ?.
Yes.
- Supports MySQL ?.
No.
- Will support MySQL someday ?.
No.
- Supports Mongo ?.
No.
- Will support Mongo someday ?.
No.
- How is Parameter substitution done ?.
It does NOT make Parameter substitution internally, its delegated to standard library.
- This works with Synchronous code ?.
Yes.
- This works with Asynchronous code ?.
Yes.
- SQLite mode dont support some stuff ?.
We try to keep as similar as possible, but SQLite is very limited.