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Co-authored-by: odin free <58338510+welttowelt@users.noreply.github.com>
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| # Harnessing the Beast - Madara and the Revolution of Starknet Appchains | ||
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| **Jul 20,2023** · 1 min read | ||
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| <font size=5>_From Massive Cost Reductions to Personalized Control, Discover the | ||
| Future of Blockchain Infrastructure_</font> | ||
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| --- | ||
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| ## TL;DR | ||
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| - Madara is a high-performance Starknet sequencer, providing the power to create | ||
| customizable and efficient | ||
| [Appchains](https://www.starknet.io/en/posts/ecosystem/the-starknet-stacks-growth-spurt). | ||
| - By using the Substrate framework, Madara amplifies the capabilities of the | ||
| Cairo VM, leading to provable, secure, and flexible programs. | ||
| - Its implementation offers numerous benefits such as scalable infrastructure, | ||
| high throughput, and unprecedented control over applications. | ||
| - Unique features of Madara include support for potential on-chain privacy, | ||
| streamlined interoperability across various chains, and robust execution. | ||
| - Madara is paving the way in dApp development by delivering cost-effective, | ||
| scalable, and customizable solutions in the blockchain domain. | ||
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| ## Introduction | ||
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| Imagine having the power to tailor-make a blockchain specifically for your | ||
| application’s unique requirements – that’s exactly what appchains offer. | ||
| Appchains are application-specific blockchains that offer developers the | ||
| flexibility to fine-tune aspects of the chains to suit their applications’ | ||
| needs, like choosing a different hash function or customizing the consensus | ||
| algorithm. The best part? Appchains inherit the security of the robust L1 or L2 | ||
| blockchains on which they are built, providing developers with the best of both | ||
| worlds. | ||
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| Introducing Madara, a game-changing sequencer that combines flexibility and | ||
| lightning-fast performance. Sequencers are entities responsible for executing | ||
| transactions and grouping them into batches. Acting as a gateway to launching | ||
| your very own Starknet appchain, Madara opens up a realm of possibilities for | ||
| experimentation in the Starknet ecosystem like never before. | ||
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| Before we delve into the fascinating capabilities of Madara in enabling Starknet | ||
| appchains, it’s important to address the question of why developers would opt to | ||
| build appchains on top of Starknet rather than utilizing the | ||
| [Starknet Validity Rollups](https://starkware.co/resource/scaling-ethereum-navigating-the-blockchain-trilemma/#:~:text=top%20of%20them.-,Validity%20Rollups,-Validity%20rollups%2C%20also) | ||
| directly. One might wonder if Starknet is already sufficient for most scenarios. | ||
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| Let’s first learn why appchains are a compelling extension to the Starknet | ||
| ecosystem. | ||
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| ## Why Appchains | ||
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| Madara, developed by the StarkWare Exploration Team, also known as | ||
| [Keep Starknet Strange](https://github.com/keep-starknet-strange), is | ||
| specifically designed to realize StarkWare 's fractal scaling vision | ||
| [fractal Scaling vision](https://medium.com/starkware/fractal-scaling-from-l2-to-l3-7fe238ecfb4f). | ||
| There are numerous compelling reasons why developers might choose to establish a | ||
| Starknet appchain or L3 instead of directly relying on Starknet. | ||
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| ### Throughput | ||
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| App developers face significant challenges in terms of scalability within the | ||
| existing blockchain infrastructure. Scalability encompasses two crucial aspects: | ||
| high speed and low fees. By implementing a 1,000x cost reduction at each layer, | ||
| developers can achieve a remarkable overall cost reduction from L1 to L3, | ||
| potentially reaching up to 1,000,000x. The throughput remains unaffected by the | ||
| activity of third-party applications as the app has a dedicated blockchain and | ||
| is not competing for resources. This ensures a consistently smooth experience. | ||
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| ### Customization | ||
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| General-purpose chains like Starknet and Ethereum have multiple measures in | ||
| place to ensure the network is usable by everyone, leading to a constrained | ||
| environment. With appchains, developers can fine-tune various aspects of their | ||
| applications and infrastructure, creating tailored solutions. Don’t like a | ||
| feature of the Cairo VM? Eliminate it in your appchain. | ||
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| ### Innovation | ||
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| The customizability of appchains also allows developers to work with features | ||
| that are currently unavailable or risky in environments like Starknet. Appchains | ||
| will offer each team the autonomy to write and authorize any desired code hints. | ||
| This allows appchains to unlock many use cases, like being able to enforce | ||
| on-chain KYC without leaking private information. | ||
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| ## Madara's Effect on the Appchain Stack | ||
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| 1. **Execution:** The execution layer defines the execution of blocks and | ||
| generation of state difference. Madara offers the flexibility to switch | ||
| between two execution crates, | ||
| [Blockifier by StarkWare](https://github.com/starkware-libs/blockifier) and | ||
| [Starknet_in_rust by LambdaClass](https://github.com/lambdaclass/starknet_in_rust). | ||
| Regardless of the crate chosen, the underlying framework utilizes the Cairo | ||
| VM. The Cairo language facilitates the creation of provable programs, | ||
| enabling the demonstration of correct computation execution. | ||
| 2. **Settlement:** As a Validity Rollup, a Madara appchain's state can be | ||
| reconstructed solely by examining its settlement layer. By settling more | ||
| frequently on Starknet L2, an L3 appchain can achieve faster hard finality, | ||
| while decentralizing the sequencing layer enables more robust soft finality. | ||
| Hence, settlement is enhanced on both fronts (hard and soft finality). | ||
| 3. **Sequencing:** Madara takes charge of the sequencing process, which can be | ||
| altered to suit the application’s needs – be it simple FCFS, PGA or more | ||
| complex schemes like Narwhall & Bullshark. Certain appchains can choose to | ||
| deploy encrypted mempools to ensure fair ordering and mitigate the impact of | ||
| MEV. | ||
| 4. **Data Availability:** Data availability guarantees that the complete state | ||
| tree remains accessible, providing users with the confidence that they can | ||
| prove ownership of their funds even if Madara experiences a disruption. | ||
| Madara will offer developers a range of data availability (DA) schemes to | ||
| choose from. | ||
| 5. **Governance:** Each Madara appchain can choose its governance model. | ||
| [Snapshot X](https://twitter.com/SnapshotLabs) offers a fully on-chain | ||
| governance system that relies on storage proofs. Alternative governance | ||
| mechanisms are also under exploration, such as the native substrate | ||
| governance pallet. On-chain governance stands as a core value for Madara. | ||
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| ## Enter: Madara | ||
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| In Madara, the Cairo VM is being enhanced by utilizing the Substrate framework | ||
| and integrating the Cairo VM for executing Cairo programs and Starknet smart | ||
| contracts. Substrate is an open-source Rust framework to build customizable | ||
| blockchains, that is known for its flexibility. Meanwhile, the Cairo VM is | ||
| specifically designed to efficiently generate Validity Proofs for program | ||
| execution. By employing state tracking and a smart contract to verify these | ||
| proofs on L2, appchain ensures secure integration with Starknet. This way, | ||
| Madara leverages Cairo’s power to enable the provability of program execution. | ||
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| The Substrate framework’s inherent modular nature lets developers customize the | ||
| appchain with ease. No assumptions are imposed, allowing you to incorporate your | ||
| own consensus protocol, hash function, signature scheme, storage layout – | ||
| whatever your app requires, all while utilizing Cairo to generate proofs. No | ||
| limits on what developers can do while still being provable, inheriting the | ||
| security of the underlying chain – be it Starknet or Ethereum. | ||
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| Initially, Madara will bear a strong resemblance to Starknet, enabling the | ||
| composability of smart contracts within the Starknet ecosystem. There are bigger | ||
| plans in store for the future as Starknet integrates with | ||
| [Herodotus](https://www.herodotus.dev/) to leverage | ||
| [storage proofs](https://starkware.medium.com/what-are-storage-proofs-and-how-can-they-improve-oracles-e0379108720a) | ||
| to achieve interoperability. The integration of storage proofs will also let | ||
| Madara appchains consider state and liquidity from other chains. | ||
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| Prepare to witness a new space of possibilities in the Starklings universe, | ||
| enabled by Madara. |