Move the linux kernel notes.

linux-kernel/README.md

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+## $\textnormal{Tinkering Linux}$
+
+> - All things I learned related to Linux Kernel.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/01-course-information/01-welcome-to-LFD103.md

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+## $\textnormal{Welcome to LFD103}$
+
+> - The `Linux Kernel` is the largest component of the Linux ecosystem, <br />
+    and is charged with managing the hardware, running user programs, and <br />
+    maintaining the security and integrity of the whole system. <br />
+
+> - It is a 24 hour a day, seven days a week, 365 day a year development <br />
+    process that results in a new release once every 9-10 weeks, along <br />
+    with several stable and extended stable releases. <br />
+
+> - At all times, new development and current release integration cycles <br />
+    run in parallel.
+
+> - `LFD103` is designed for anyone interested in becoming a Linux Kernel <br />
+    Developer and contributor.
+
+> - The course aims to ease the Linux Kernel Mentorhship application process. <br />
+
+> - It also serves as a resource for developers from companies and communities <br />
+    that might not be able to take advantage of the mentorship program, and <br />
+    want to learn kernel development on their own; as well as a resource for <br />
+    experienced engineers new to open source and upstream kernel development that <br />
+    are tasked with working with the kernel community.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/01-course-information/02-course-learning-objectives.md

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+## $\textnormal{Course Learning Objectives}$
+
+> - The course will cover the following.
+
+```plaintext
+- Select and configure the development system.
+- Provide an overview of Linux Kernel repositories and releases.
+- Understand git basics - checking out kernel repositories and working with them.
+- Build your first kernel and install it.
+- Understand the Linux Kernel Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct.
+- Familiarize yourself with the Linux Kernel Enforcement Statement.
+- Write kernel patches and test them.
+- Understand the do's and dont's of the communications with the kernel community.
+- Know who to and how to send patches (checkpath.pl and get_maintainers.pl).
+- Re-work patches and act on feedback from reviewers.
+```

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/01-course-information/03-course-audience-and-requirements.md

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+## $\textnormal{Course Audience and Requirements}$
+
+```plaintext
+Audience
+    - This course is designed for individuals interested in becoming Linux Kernel
+      developers and contributors.
+
+Knowledge/Skills
+    - Proficiency in C and shell.
+    - Kernel development experience desired, but not required.
+
+System Prerequisites
+    - As far as prequisites go, an x86_64 laptop will be needed.
+```

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/01-course-information/04-instructor.md

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+## $\textnormal{Instructor}$
+
+> - `Shuah Khan` is a Linux Kernel Fellow at The Linux Foundation.
+
+> - She is an experienced Linux Kernel developer, maintainer, and contributor.
+
+> - `Shuah` maintains the Kernel Selftest framework, USB over IP driver, and cpupower, <br />
+    and is an active contributor to the Linux media subsystem.
+
+> - She has also contributed to IOMMU, and DMA areas.
+
+> - In addition, she is helping with stable release kernel testing.
+
+> - She has presented at several Linux conferences and Linux Kernel Developer keynote <br />
+    panels.
+
+> - She served on the Linux Foundataion Technical Advisory Board.
+
+> - She authored Linux Kernel Testing and Debugging paper published in the Linux <br />
+    Journal and wrote several Linux Journal Kernal news articles.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/02-before-you-begin/01-course-support.md

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+## $\textnormal{Course Support}$
+> - One great way to interact with peers taking this course is via the Class Forum.
+
+> - Class Forum: https://forum.linuxfoundation.org/categories/lfd103-class-forum
+
+> - The forum can be used in the following ways.
+
+```plaintext
+- To introduce yourself to other peers taking this course.
+
+- To discuss concepts, tools and technologies presented in this course, or related
+  to the topics discussed in the course materials.
+
+- To ask questions or report issues with labs or course content.
+
+- To share resources and ideas related to Linux Kernel development.
+```
+
+> - The class forum will be reviewed periodically by the Linux Foundation staff, <br />
+    but it is primarily a community resource, not an `ask the instructor` service.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/02-before-you-begin/02-course-timing.md

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+## $\textnormal{Course Timing}$
+
+> - This course is entirely self-paced; there is no fixed schedule for going <br />
+    through the material. You can go through the course at your own pace, <br />
+    and you will always be returned to exactly where you left off when you <br />
+    come back to start a new session.
+
+> - However, we still suggest you avoid long breaks in between periods of work, <br />
+    as learning will be faster and content retention improved.
+
+> - You have unlimited access to this course for 12 months from the date you <br />
+    registered, even after you have completed the course.
+
+> - The chapters in the course have been designed to build on one another. It <br />
+    is probably best to work through them in sequence; if you skip or only <br />
+    skim some chapters quickly, you may find there are topics being discussed <br />
+    you have not been exposed to yet.
+
+> - But this is all self-paced, and you can always go back, so you can thread <br />
+    your own path through the material.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/02-before-you-begin/03-assessments.md

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+## $\textnormal{Assessments}$
+
+> - While not having lab exercises per se, this course is hands-on, and guides <br />
+    you through the processes involved in Linux Kernel development.
+
+> - At the end of each chapter, you will also find a series of knowledge check <br />
+    questions. These questions, just like the labs, were designed with one main <br />
+    goal in mind: to help you better comprehend the course content and reinforce <br />
+    what you have learned. We would also like to emphasize that you will not be <br />
+    required to take a final exam to complete this course.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/02-before-you-begin/04-course-formatting.md

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+## $\textnormal{Course Formatting}$
+> - In order to make it easier to distinguish the various types of content <br />
+    in the course, we use the color coding and formats below.
+
+<br />
+
+| Course Formmating |
+| ----------------- |
+| ![Course Formatting](./images/image-course-formatting.png) |

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/02-before-you-begin/05-copyright.md

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+## $\textnormal{Copyright}$
+
+> - The training materials provided or developed by The Linux Foundation in <br />
+    connection with the training services are protected by copyright and other <br />
+    intellectual property rights.
+
+> - Open source code incorporated herein may have other copyright holders and <br />
+    is used pursuant to the applicable open source license.
+
+> - Although third-party application software packages may be referenced herein, <br />
+    this is for demonstration purposes only and shall not constitute an endorsement <br />
+    of any of these software applications.
+
+> - All the Linux Foundation training, including all the material provided herein, <br />
+    is supplied without any guarantees from the Linux Foundation. The Linux <br />
+    Foundation assumes no liability for damages or legal action arising from the <br />
+    use or misuse of contents or details contained herein.
+
+> - Linux is a registered trademark of Linux Torvalds. Other trademarks within <br />
+    this course material are the property of their respective owners.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/03-linux-foundation/01-linux-foundation.md

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+## $\textnormal{Linux Foundation}$
+
+> - `The Linux Foundation` provides a neutral, trusted hub for developers to <br />
+    code, manage, and scale open technology projects.
+
+> - Founded in 2000, the Linux Foundation is supported by more than 1,000 <br />
+    members and is the world's leading home for collaboration on open <br />
+    source software, open standards, open data and open hardware.
+
+> - The Linux Foundation's methodology  focuses on leveraging best practices <br />
+    and addressing the needs of contributors, users and solution providers to <br />
+    create sustainable models for open collaboration.
+
+> - The Linux Foundation hosts Linux, the world's largest and most pervasive <br />
+    open source software project in history. It is also home to Linux creator <br />
+    Linus Torvalds and lead maintainer Greg Kroah-Hartman.
+
+> - The success of Linux has catalyzed growth in the open source community, <br />
+    demonstrating the commercial efficacy of open source and inspiring <br />
+    countless new projects across all industries and levels of the technology <br />
+    stack.
+
+> - As a result, the Linux Foundation today hosts far more than Linux; it is <br />
+    the umbrella for many critical open source projects that power corporations <br />
+    today, spanning virtually all industry sectors.
+
+> - Some of the technologies we focus on include big data and analytics, <br />
+    networking, embedded systems and IoT, web tools, cloud computing, edge <br />
+    computing, automotive, security, blockchain, and many more.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/03-linux-foundation/02-linux-foundation-events.md

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+## $\textnormal{The Linux Foundation Events}$
+
+> - Over 85,000 open source technologists and leaders worldwide gather at Linux
+    Foundation events annually to share ideas, learn and collaborate.
+
+> - Linux Foundation events are the meeting place of choice for open source
+    maintainers, developers, architects, infrastructure managers, and sysadmins
+    and technologists leading open source program offices, and other critical
+    leadership functions.
+
+> - These events are the best place to gain visibility within the open source
+    community quickly and advance open source development work by forming
+    connections with the people evaluating and creating the next generation of
+    technology.
+
+> - They provide a forum to share and gain knowledge, help organizations identify
+    software trends early to inform future technology investments, connect
+    employers with talent, and showcase technologies and services to influential
+    open source professionals, media, and analysts around the globe.
+
+> - The Linux Foundation hosts an increasing number of events each year.
+
+```plaintext
+- Open Source Summit North America, Europe, and Japan.
+- Embbedded Linux Conference North America and Europe.
+- Open Networking and Edge Summit.
+- KubeCon + CloudNativeCon North America, Europe, and China.
+- Automotive Linux Summit.
+- KVM Forum.
+- Linux Storage Filesystem and Memory Management Summit.
+- Linux Security Summit North America and Europe.
+- Linux Kernel Maintainer Summit.
+- The Linux Foundation Member Summit.
+- Open Compliance Summiit.
+- And More.
+
+Link: https://events.linuxfoundation.org/
+```

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/03-linux-foundation/03-training-venues.md

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+## $\textnormal{Training Venues}$
+
+> - The Linux Foundation's training is for the community, by the community, and
+    features instructors and content straight from the leaders of the Linux
+    Developer community.
+
+> - The Linux Foundation offers several types of training.
+
+```plaintext
+- Classroom
+- Online
+- On-site
+- Events-based
+```
+
+> - Attendees receive Linux and open source software training that is distribution
+    flexible, technically advanced and created with the actual leaders of the Linux
+    and open source software development community themeselves.
+
+> - The Linux Foundation courses give attendees the broad, foundational knowledge and
+    networking needed to thrive in their careers today.
+
+> - With either online or in-person training, the Linux Foundation classes can keep
+    you or your developers ahead of the curve on open source essentials.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/03-linux-foundation/04-linux-foundation-training-offerings.md

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+## $\textnormal{The Linux Foundation Training Offerings}$
+
+> - Our current course offerings include:
+
+```plaintext
+- Linux programming and development training.
+- Enterprise IT and open source system administration courses.
+- Open source compliance courses.
+
+Link: https://training.linuxfoundation.org/
+```

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/03-linux-foundation/05-linux-foundation-certification.md

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+## $\textnormal{The Linux Foundation Certification}$
+
+> - The Linux Foundation certifications give you a way to diffentiate yourself in a
+    job market that's hungry for your skills.
+
+```plaintext
+https://training.linuxfoundation.org/certification-catalog/
+```
+
+> - We've taken a new innovative approach to open source certification that allows
+    you to showcase your skills in a way that other peers will respect and employers
+    will trust:
+
+```plaintext
+- You can take your certification exam from any computer, anywhere, at any time.
+- The certification exams are either performance-based or multiple choice.
+- The exams are distribution flexible.
+- The exams are up-to-date, testing knowledge and skills that actually matter in today's
+  IT environment.
+```

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/01-course-introduction/03-linux-foundation/06-training-certification-firewall.md

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+## $\textnormal{Training Certification Firewall}$
+
+> - The Linux Foundation has two separate training divisions: Course Delivery and Certification.
+    These two divisions are separated by a `firewall`.
+
+> - The curriculum development and maintenance division of the Linux Foundation Training
+    department has no direct role in developing, administering, or grading certification exams.
+
+> - Enforcing this self-imposed firewall ensures that independent organizations and companies
+    can develop third party training material, geared towards helping test takers pass their
+    certification exams.
+
+> - Furthermore, it ensures that there are no secret `tips` (or secrets in general) that one
+    needs to be familiar with in order to succeed.
+
+> - It also permits the Linux Foundation to develop a very robust set of courses that do far more
+    than `teach the test`, but rather equip attendees with a broad knowledge of the many areas
+    they may be required to master to have a successful career in open source system administration.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/02-intro-to-linux-kernel-development/01-introduction/01-intro-to-linux-kernel-development.md

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+## $\textnormal{Introduction to Linux Kernel Development Process}$
+
+> - In this chapter, we will provide an overview of the Linux <br />
+    Kernel development process, and we will learn how small <br />
+    incremental changes (`patches`) sent to a mailing list get <br />
+    included in the upstream kernel.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/02-intro-to-linux-kernel-development/01-introduction/02-learning-objectives.md

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+## $\textnormal{Learning Objectives}$
+
+> - By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
+
+```plaintext
+- Understand how the Linux kernel is developed.
+- Discuss the Linux kernel release cycle and merge window.
+- Discuss active kernel releases.
+- Explain the concept of kernel trees.
+```

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/02-intro-to-linux-kernel-development/02-linux-kernel-development-process/01-about-the-linux-kernel.md

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+## $\textnormal{About the Linux Kernel}$
+
+<br />
+
+| Tux |
+| --- |
+| ![Tux](./images/image-tux.png) |
+
+<br />
+
+> - The `Linux Kernel` is the result of collaborative development efforts from developers
+    across the globe.
+
+> - Small incremental changes, also known as `patches`, add new features, make
+    enhancements, and fix bugs.
+
+> - It is a 24-hour, seven days a week, and 365 days of continuous development process
+    that results in a new release once every 2+ months, and several stable and extended
+    stable releases once a week. New development and current release integration cycles
+    run in parallel.
+
+> - A new release comes out once a every 10 to 11 weeks. Releases are time-based rather
+    than feature-based. That means releases are not held up for features. There is no
+    set date for these releases.

linux-kernel/course-Linux-Foundation-LFD103/02-intro-to-linux-kernel-development/02-linux-kernel-development-process/02-release-cycle.md

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+## $\textnormal{What Does the Release Cycle Look Like?}$
+
+> - While the kernel development is a continuous process, at certain points during the
+    development, when a set of features and bug fixes are ready, a new version of the
+    kernel is released.
+
+> - These new version are called `kernel releases`.
+
+> - Linus Torvalds releases a new kernel and opens 2-week merge window.
+
+> - During this merge window, he pulls code for the next release from subsystem
+    maintainers.
+
+> - Subsystem maintainers send signed git pull requests to Linux either during the
+    merge window or before.
+
+> - All major new development is added to the kernel during the merge window.
+
+> - 10,000+ change sets (patches) get pulled into Linus's tree during these 2 weeks,
+    at the end of which he releases the first release candidate, known as `rc1`.
+
+> - At this point, the release cycle moves into a bug fixes-only mode, with a series
+    of `release candidate (rc)` releases from Linus.
+
+> - One week after `rc1` is released, `rc2` comes out; `rc3` comes out a week after,
+    and so on, until all major bug fixes and regressions (if any) are resolved.
+
+> - The new cycle begins with a 3-week `quiet period`, which starts a week before the
+    release, and continues through the 2-week merge window.
+
+> - Maintainers and key contributors are busy getting their trees ready to send pull
+    requests to Linus.
+
+> - Please notee that the quiet period isn't formalized, and each sub-system might
+    handle it differently.
+
+> - This period isn'tt well advertised, and new developers might see a slow response
+    from the community.
+
+| Linux Development Cycle |
+| ----------------------- |
+| ![Linux Development Cycle](./images/image-linux-development-cycle.png) |