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Autonomous vehicle controlled via arduino and ultrasonic sensor to navigate around objects

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Arduino Autonomous Object-Avoiding Vehicle

Developed in C using Arduino platform, this was a project created for learning purposes to get an insight into Arduino and to practice usage of a 3D printer.

Hardware

  • Arduino UNO
  • Tower Pro MG996R Servo Motor
  • Texas Instruments ULN2003AN Transistor IC
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
  • 2x DC Motor w/ Wheels
  • 3D Printer
  • Breadboard
  • Lots of wiring

Body

  • The body was a simple design in AutoCAD with a Arduino UNO holder via screw holes.
  • Other components were hot glued onto the polymer body.
  • The design consisted of a three wheel system, two rear driving motors and a trolley wheel in the front.
  • The trolley wheel was 3D printed and designed in such a way to allow free rotation of the front wheel.
  • The sonar sensor was attached to the servo motor using a custom holder 3D printed to fit the motor attachment.

Algorithm

Designed using a simple, and most likely inefficient, algorithm to browse its surroundings in 45deg scan interval and determine the path of least obstacles.

Circuit

  • The DC Motors were powered with an external power source as the Arduino cannot output the required current.
  • The motors were activated via a Darlington transistor array IC.
  • A common ground was utilized between Arduino and power source.

See overview of circuit below.

circuit overview

To use

Fork the repo, upload to Arduino, download .stl files and 3D print, connect pins as indicated in code following circuit design as shown.

TODO

  • Design smarter algorithm with higher frequency scan interval
  • Switch Servo Motor to external power source to reduce current load on sensitive arduino chip.

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