ENH: support Arrow PyCapsule Interface on Series for export (#59587)

* ENH: support Arrow PyCapsule Interface on Series for export

* simplify

* simplify

doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ Other enhancements
 - Users can globally disable any ``PerformanceWarning`` by setting the option ``mode.performance_warnings`` to ``False`` (:issue:`56920`)
 - :meth:`Styler.format_index_names` can now be used to format the index and column names (:issue:`48936` and :issue:`47489`)
 - :class:`.errors.DtypeWarning` improved to include column names when mixed data types are detected (:issue:`58174`)
+- :class:`Series` now supports the Arrow PyCapsule Interface for export (:issue:`59518`)
 - :func:`DataFrame.to_excel` argument ``merge_cells`` now accepts a value of ``"columns"`` to only merge :class:`MultiIndex` column header header cells (:issue:`35384`)
 - :meth:`DataFrame.corrwith` now accepts ``min_periods`` as optional arguments, as in :meth:`DataFrame.corr` and :meth:`Series.corr` (:issue:`9490`)
 - :meth:`DataFrame.cummin`, :meth:`DataFrame.cummax`, :meth:`DataFrame.cumprod` and :meth:`DataFrame.cumsum` methods now have a ``numeric_only`` parameter (:issue:`53072`)

pandas/core/series.py

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 from pandas._libs.lib import is_range_indexer
 from pandas.compat import PYPY
 from pandas.compat._constants import REF_COUNT
+from pandas.compat._optional import import_optional_dependency
 from pandas.compat.numpy import function as nv
 from pandas.errors import (
     ChainedAssignmentError,
@@ -558,6 +559,32 @@ def _init_dict(
 
     # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+    def __arrow_c_stream__(self, requested_schema=None):
+        """
+        Export the pandas Series as an Arrow C stream PyCapsule.
+
+        This relies on pyarrow to convert the pandas Series to the Arrow
+        format (and follows the default behaviour of ``pyarrow.Array.from_pandas``
+        in its handling of the index, i.e. to ignore it).
+        This conversion is not necessarily zero-copy.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        requested_schema : PyCapsule, default None
+            The schema to which the dataframe should be casted, passed as a
+            PyCapsule containing a C ArrowSchema representation of the
+            requested schema.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        PyCapsule
+        """
+        pa = import_optional_dependency("pyarrow", min_version="16.0.0")
+        ca = pa.chunked_array([pa.Array.from_pandas(self, type=requested_schema)])
+        return ca.__arrow_c_stream__(requested_schema)
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
     @property
     def _constructor(self) -> type[Series]:
         return Series

pandas/tests/series/test_arrow_interface.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import ctypes
+
+import pytest
+
+import pandas as pd
+
+pa = pytest.importorskip("pyarrow", minversion="16.0")
+
+
+def test_series_arrow_interface():
+    s = pd.Series([1, 4, 2])
+
+    capsule = s.__arrow_c_stream__()
+    assert (
+        ctypes.pythonapi.PyCapsule_IsValid(
+            ctypes.py_object(capsule), b"arrow_array_stream"
+        )
+        == 1
+    )
+
+    ca = pa.chunked_array(s)
+    expected = pa.chunked_array([[1, 4, 2]])
+    assert ca.equals(expected)