From Open5GS v2.0.22, it is possible to connect to OpenAirInterface UE / RAN v1.0.3. Therefore, in order to use U-Plane's PDN (Packet Data Network) as a trial, I built a simulation environment for the CUPS-enabled EPC mobile network. This briefly describes the overall and configuration files.
- Overview of Open5GS CUPS-enabled EPC Simulation Mobile Network
- Changes in configuration files of Open5GS EPC and OAI UE / RAN
- Network settings of Open5GS EPC and OAI UE / RAN
- Build Open5GS and OAI UE / RAN
- Run Open5GS EPC and OAI UE / RAN
- Ping google.com
- Changelog (summary)
I created a CUPS-enabled EPC mobile network (Internet reachable) for simulation with the aim of creating an environment in which packets can be sent end-to-end with different PDNs for each APN.
The following minimum configuration was set as a condition.
- C-Plane have multiple U-Planes.
- U-Plane have multiple PDNs.
- Multiple UEs connect to same PDN.
The built simulation environment is as follows.
Note. The PDN end-point addresses assigned to oipX TUNnel interfaces are not always in the order shown in the figure above.
The EPC / UE / RAN used are as follows.
- EPC - Open5GS v2.5.6 (2023.01.13) - https://github.com/open5gs/open5gs
- UE / RAN - OpenAirInterface(OAI) v1.0.3 - https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g/-/tree/v1.0.3
Each VMs are as follows.
| VM # | SW & Role | IP address | OS | Memory (Min) | HDD (Min) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VM1 | Open5GS EPC C-Plane | 192.168.0.111/24 192.168.0.112/24 |
Ubuntu 20.04 | 1GB | 20GB |
| VM2 | Open5GS EPC U-Plane1 | 192.168.0.113/24 192.168.0.114/24 |
Ubuntu 20.04 | 1GB | 20GB |
| VM3 | Open5GS EPC U-Plane2 | 192.168.0.115/24 192.168.0.116/24 |
Ubuntu 20.04 | 1GB | 20GB |
| VM4 | OpenAirInterface UE / RAN | 192.168.0.120/24 | Ubuntu 18.04 | 2GB | 40GB |
OAI UE / RAN cannot be built on Ubuntu 20.04, so build it on Ubuntu 18.04.
Subscriber Information (other information is the same) is as follows.
| UE # | IMSI | APN | OP/OPc |
|---|---|---|---|
| UE0 | 001010000000100 | internet | OPc |
| UE1 | 001010000000101 | internet2 | OPc |
| UE2 | 001010000000102 | internet2 | OPc |
| UE3 | 001010000000103 | ims | OPc |
| UE4 | 001010000000104 | ims | OPc |
I registered these information with the Open5GS WebUI. In addition, 3GPP TS 35.208 "4.3 Test Sets" is published by 3GPP as test data for the 3GPP authentication and key generation functions (MILENAGE).
Each PDNs are as follows.
| PDN | TUNnel interface of PDN | APN | TUNnel interface of UE | U-Plane # |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.45.0.0/16 | ogstun | internet | oip1 | U-Plane1 |
| 10.46.0.0/16 | ogstun2 | internet2 | oip2, oip3 | U-Plane1 |
| 10.47.0.0/16 | ogstun3 | ims | oip4, oip5 | U-Plane2 |
Additional information.
Open5GS EPC U-Plane worked fine on Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. I used Ubuntu 20.04 (64bit) for Raspberry Pi 4 as the OS. I think it would be convenient to place a compact U-Plane in the edge environment and use it as an end-point for PDN.
In addition, I have not confirmed the communication performance.
Please refer to the following for building Open5GS and OAI UE / RAN respectively.
- Open5GS v2.5.6 (2023.01.13) - https://open5gs.org/open5gs/docs/guide/02-building-open5gs-from-sources/
- OAI UE / RAN v1.0.3 - https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g/-/wikis/l2-nfapi-simulator/l2-nfapi-simulator-w-S1-same-machine
The following parameters can be used in the logic that selects SGW-U and UPF(PGW-U) as the connection destination by PFCP.
- APN
- TAC (Tracking Area Code)
- e_CellID
For the sake of simplicity, I used only APN this time.
open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/mme.yaml
--- mme.yaml.orig 2023-01-13 22:02:14.683885123 +0900
+++ mme.yaml 2023-01-13 22:19:08.430598218 +0900
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@
mme:
freeDiameter: /root/open5gs/install/etc/freeDiameter/mme.conf
s1ap:
- - addr: 127.0.0.2
+ - addr: 192.168.0.111
gtpc:
- addr: 127.0.0.2
metrics:
@@ -259,14 +259,14 @@
port: 9090
gummei:
plmn_id:
- mcc: 999
- mnc: 70
+ mcc: 001
+ mnc: 01
mme_gid: 2
mme_code: 1
tai:
plmn_id:
- mcc: 999
- mnc: 70
+ mcc: 001
+ mnc: 01
tac: 1
security:
integrity_order : [ EIA2, EIA1, EIA0 ]
@@ -396,6 +396,7 @@
# use_openair: true
#
parameter:
+ use_openair: true
#
# max:When connecting with OpenAirInterface UE / RAN v1.0.3, add the following.
parameter:
use_openair: true
open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/sgwc.yaml
--- sgwc.yaml.orig 2023-01-13 22:02:14.711885500 +0900
+++ sgwc.yaml 2023-01-13 22:19:29.399785419 +0900
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
gtpc:
- addr: 127.0.0.3
pfcp:
- - addr: 127.0.0.3
+ - addr: 192.168.0.111
#
# sgwu:
@@ -120,7 +120,10 @@
#
sgwu:
pfcp:
- - addr: 127.0.0.6
+ - addr: 192.168.0.113
+ apn: [internet, internet2]
+ - addr: 192.168.0.115
+ apn: ims
#
# parameter:open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/smf.yaml
--- smf.yaml.orig 2023-01-13 22:02:14.769886280 +0900
+++ smf.yaml 2023-01-13 22:19:52.839996198 +0900
@@ -504,24 +504,22 @@
# maximum_integrity_protected_data_rate_downlink: bitrate64kbs|maximum-UE-rate
#
smf:
- sbi:
- - addr: 127.0.0.4
- port: 7777
pfcp:
- - addr: 127.0.0.4
- - addr: ::1
+ - addr: 192.168.0.112
gtpc:
- addr: 127.0.0.4
- - addr: ::1
gtpu:
- - addr: 127.0.0.4
- - addr: ::1
+ - addr: 192.168.0.112
metrics:
- addr: 127.0.0.4
port: 9090
subnet:
- addr: 10.45.0.1/16
- - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
+ dnn: internet
+ - addr: 10.46.0.1/16
+ dnn: internet2
+ - addr: 10.47.0.1/16
+ dnn: ims
dns:
- 8.8.8.8
- 8.8.4.4
@@ -579,10 +577,6 @@
# l_linger: 10
#
#
-scp:
- sbi:
- - addr: 127.0.1.10
- port: 7777
#
# nrf:
@@ -695,7 +689,10 @@
#
upf:
pfcp:
- - addr: 127.0.0.7
+ - addr: 192.168.0.114
+ dnn: [internet, internet2]
+ - addr: 192.168.0.116
+ dnn: ims
#
# parameter:open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/sgwu.yaml
--- sgwu.yaml.orig 2023-01-13 22:08:41.734363371 +0900
+++ sgwu.yaml 2023-01-13 22:21:27.077172515 +0900
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@
#
sgwu:
pfcp:
- - addr: 127.0.0.6
+ - addr: 192.168.0.113
gtpu:
- - addr: 127.0.0.6
+ - addr: 192.168.0.113
#
# sgwc:open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/upf.yaml
--- upf.yaml.orig 2023-01-13 22:08:41.821362757 +0900
+++ upf.yaml 2023-01-13 22:21:45.197282445 +0900
@@ -173,12 +173,16 @@
#
upf:
pfcp:
- - addr: 127.0.0.7
+ - addr: 192.168.0.114
gtpu:
- - addr: 127.0.0.7
+ - addr: 192.168.0.114
subnet:
- addr: 10.45.0.1/16
- - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
+ dnn: internet
+ dev: ogstun
+ - addr: 10.46.0.1/16
+ dnn: internet2
+ dev: ogstun2
metrics:
- addr: 127.0.0.7
port: 9090open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/sgwu.yaml
--- sgwu.yaml.orig 2023-01-13 22:15:21.100408033 +0900
+++ sgwu.yaml 2023-01-13 22:22:54.561135811 +0900
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@
#
sgwu:
pfcp:
- - addr: 127.0.0.6
+ - addr: 192.168.0.115
gtpu:
- - addr: 127.0.0.6
+ - addr: 192.168.0.115
#
# sgwc:open5gs/install/etc/open5gs/upf.yaml
--- upf.yaml.orig 2023-01-13 22:15:21.189408143 +0900
+++ upf.yaml 2023-01-13 22:23:11.987345354 +0900
@@ -173,12 +173,13 @@
#
upf:
pfcp:
- - addr: 127.0.0.7
+ - addr: 192.168.0.116
gtpu:
- - addr: 127.0.0.7
+ - addr: 192.168.0.116
subnet:
- - addr: 10.45.0.1/16
- - addr: 2001:db8:cafe::1/48
+ - addr: 10.47.0.1/16
+ dnn: ims
+ dev: ogstun3
metrics:
- addr: 127.0.0.7
port: 9090ue_folder/ci-scripts/conf_files/ue.nfapi.conf
--- ue.nfapi.conf.orig 2020-11-22 07:54:40.846830672 +0000
+++ ue.nfapi.conf 2020-09-23 08:01:54.000000000 +0000
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
num_cc = 1;
tr_n_preference = "nfapi";
local_n_if_name = "lo";
- remote_n_address = "127.0.0.2";
- local_n_address = "127.0.0.1";
+ remote_n_address = "127.0.0.1";
+ local_n_address = "127.0.0.2";
local_n_portc = 50000;
remote_n_portc = 50001;
local_n_portd = 50010;ue_folder/openair3/NAS/TOOLS/ue_eurecom_test_sfr.conf
--- ue_eurecom_test_sfr.conf.orig 2020-11-22 15:33:56.000000000 +0000
+++ ue_eurecom_test_sfr.conf 2020-11-24 02:38:41.104185570 +0000
@@ -86,14 +86,162 @@
};
SIM: {
- MSIN="0100001111";
- USIM_API_K="8baf473f2f8fd09487cccbd7097c6862";
- OPC="e734f8734007d6c5ce7a0508809e7e9c";
+ MSIN="0000000100";
+ USIM_API_K="465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC";
+ OPC="E8ED289DEBA952E4283B54E88E6183CA";
MSISDN="33611123456";
};
# Home PLMN Selector with Access Technology
- HPLMN= "20893";
+ HPLMN= "00101";
+
+ # User controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ UCPLMN_LIST = ();
+
+ # Operator PLMN List
+ OPLMN_LIST = ("00101", "20810", "20811", "20813", "20893", "310280", "310028");
+
+ # Operator controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ OCPLMN_LIST = ("22210", "21401", "21406", "26202", "26204");
+
+ # Forbidden plmns
+ FPLMN_LIST = ();
+
+ # List of Equivalent HPLMNs
+#TODO: UE does not connect if set, to be fixed in the UE
+# EHPLMN_LIST= ("20811", "20813");
+ EHPLMN_LIST= ();
+};
+
+UE1:
+{
+ USER: {
+ IMEI="356113022094149";
+ MANUFACTURER="EURECOM";
+ MODEL="LTE Android PC";
+ PIN="0000";
+ };
+
+ SIM: {
+ MSIN="0000000101";
+ USIM_API_K="465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC";
+ OPC="E8ED289DEBA952E4283B54E88E6183CA";
+ MSISDN="33611123456";
+ };
+
+ # Home PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ HPLMN= "00101";
+
+ # User controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ UCPLMN_LIST = ();
+
+ # Operator PLMN List
+ OPLMN_LIST = ("00101", "20810", "20811", "20813", "20893", "310280", "310028");
+
+ # Operator controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ OCPLMN_LIST = ("22210", "21401", "21406", "26202", "26204");
+
+ # Forbidden plmns
+ FPLMN_LIST = ();
+
+ # List of Equivalent HPLMNs
+#TODO: UE does not connect if set, to be fixed in the UE
+# EHPLMN_LIST= ("20811", "20813");
+ EHPLMN_LIST= ();
+};
+
+UE2:
+{
+ USER: {
+ IMEI="356113022094149";
+ MANUFACTURER="EURECOM";
+ MODEL="LTE Android PC";
+ PIN="0000";
+ };
+
+ SIM: {
+ MSIN="0000000102";
+ USIM_API_K="465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC";
+ OPC="E8ED289DEBA952E4283B54E88E6183CA";
+ MSISDN="33611123456";
+ };
+
+ # Home PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ HPLMN= "00101";
+
+ # User controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ UCPLMN_LIST = ();
+
+ # Operator PLMN List
+ OPLMN_LIST = ("00101", "20810", "20811", "20813", "20893", "310280", "310028");
+
+ # Operator controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ OCPLMN_LIST = ("22210", "21401", "21406", "26202", "26204");
+
+ # Forbidden plmns
+ FPLMN_LIST = ();
+
+ # List of Equivalent HPLMNs
+#TODO: UE does not connect if set, to be fixed in the UE
+# EHPLMN_LIST= ("20811", "20813");
+ EHPLMN_LIST= ();
+};
+
+UE3:
+{
+ USER: {
+ IMEI="356113022094149";
+ MANUFACTURER="EURECOM";
+ MODEL="LTE Android PC";
+ PIN="0000";
+ };
+
+ SIM: {
+ MSIN="0000000103";
+ USIM_API_K="465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC";
+ OPC="E8ED289DEBA952E4283B54E88E6183CA";
+ MSISDN="33611123456";
+ };
+
+ # Home PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ HPLMN= "00101";
+
+ # User controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ UCPLMN_LIST = ();
+
+ # Operator PLMN List
+ OPLMN_LIST = ("00101", "20810", "20811", "20813", "20893", "310280", "310028");
+
+ # Operator controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ OCPLMN_LIST = ("22210", "21401", "21406", "26202", "26204");
+
+ # Forbidden plmns
+ FPLMN_LIST = ();
+
+ # List of Equivalent HPLMNs
+#TODO: UE does not connect if set, to be fixed in the UE
+# EHPLMN_LIST= ("20811", "20813");
+ EHPLMN_LIST= ();
+};
+
+UE4:
+{
+ USER: {
+ IMEI="356113022094149";
+ MANUFACTURER="EURECOM";
+ MODEL="LTE Android PC";
+ PIN="0000";
+ };
+
+ SIM: {
+ MSIN="0000000104";
+ USIM_API_K="465B5CE8B199B49FAA5F0A2EE238A6BC";
+ OPC="E8ED289DEBA952E4283B54E88E6183CA";
+ MSISDN="33611123456";
+ };
+
+ # Home PLMN Selector with Access Technology
+ HPLMN= "00101";
# User controlled PLMN Selector with Access Technology
UCPLMN_LIST = ();enb_folder/ci-scripts/conf_files/rcc.band7.tm1.nfapi.conf
--- rcc.band7.tm1.nfapi.conf.orig 2020-11-22 15:33:38.000000000 +0000
+++ rcc.band7.tm1.nfapi.conf 2020-11-24 01:00:23.936598997 +0000
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
// Tracking area code, 0x0000 and 0xfffe are reserved values
tracking_area_code = 1;
- plmn_list = ( { mcc = 208; mnc = 93; mnc_length = 2; } );
+ plmn_list = ( { mcc = 001; mnc = 01; mnc_length = 2; } );
tr_s_preference = "local_mac"
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
////////// MME parameters:
- mme_ip_address = ( { ipv4 = "CI_MME_IP_ADDR";
+ mme_ip_address = ( { ipv4 = "192.168.0.111";
ipv6 = "192:168:30::17";
active = "yes";
preference = "ipv4";
@@ -181,12 +181,12 @@
NETWORK_INTERFACES :
{
- ENB_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1_MME = "ens3";
- ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1_MME = "CI_ENB_IP_ADDR";
- ENB_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1U = "ens3";
- ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1U = "CI_ENB_IP_ADDR";
+ ENB_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1_MME = "enp0s8";
+ ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1_MME = "192.168.0.120/24";
+ ENB_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1U = "enp0s8";
+ ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1U = "192.168.0.120/24";
ENB_PORT_FOR_S1U = 2152; # Spec 2152
- ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_X2C = "CI_ENB_IP_ADDR";
+ ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_X2C = "192.168.0.120/24";
ENB_PORT_FOR_X2C = 36422; # Spec 36422
};
@@ -197,8 +197,8 @@
{
num_cc = 1;
local_s_if_name = "lo:";
- remote_s_address = "127.0.0.1";
- local_s_address = "127.0.0.2";
+ remote_s_address = "127.0.0.2";
+ local_s_address = "127.0.0.1";
local_s_portc = 50001;
remote_s_portc = 50000;
local_s_portd = 50011;Add IP address for SMF(PGW-C).
ip addr add 192.168.0.112/24 dev enp0s8
Note. enp0s8 is the network interface of 192.168.0.0/24 in my VirtualBox environment.
Please change it according to your environment.
First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# sysctl -p
Next, add IP address for UPF(PGW-U) and configure the TUNnel interface and NAPT.
ip addr add 192.168.0.114/24 dev enp0s8
ip tuntap add name ogstun mode tun
ip addr add 10.45.0.1/16 dev ogstun
ip link set ogstun up
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.45.0.0/16 ! -o ogstun -j MASQUERADE
ip tuntap add name ogstun2 mode tun
ip addr add 10.46.0.1/16 dev ogstun2
ip link set ogstun2 up
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.46.0.0/16 ! -o ogstun2 -j MASQUERADE
First, uncomment the next line in the /etc/sysctl.conf file and reflect it in the OS.
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# sysctl -p
Next, add IP address for UPF(PGW-U) and configure the TUNnel interface and NAPT.
ip addr add 192.168.0.116/24 dev enp0s8
ip tuntap add name ogstun3 mode tun
ip addr add 10.47.0.1/16 dev ogstun3
ip link set ogstun3 up
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.47.0.0/16 ! -o ogstun3 -j MASQUERADE
ifconfig lo: 127.0.0.2 netmask 255.0.0.0 up
Please refer to the following for building Open5GS and OAI UE / RAN respectively.
- Open5GS v2.5.6 (2023.01.13) - https://open5gs.org/open5gs/docs/guide/02-building-open5gs-from-sources/
- OAI UE / RAN v1.0.3 - https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g/-/wikis/l2-nfapi-simulator/l2-nfapi-simulator-w-S1-same-machine
Install MongoDB on Open5GS EPC C-Plane machine. It is not necessary to install MongoDB on Open5GS EPC U-Plane machines. MongoDB Compass is a convenient tool to look at the MongoDB database.
Note. When building OAI UE / RAN, add -I to the parameter of the build_oai command for the first time.
The following is an example of building eNB.
./build_oai -I --eNB -t ETHERNET -c
First run the EPC, then the RAN, and the UE.
First, run Open5GS EPC C-Plane.
- Open5GS EPC C-Plane
./install/bin/open5gs-mmed &
./install/bin/open5gs-sgwcd &
./install/bin/open5gs-smfd &
./install/bin/open5gs-hssd &
./install/bin/open5gs-pcrfd &
Next, run Open5GS EPC U-Plane.
- Open5GS EPC U-Plane1
./install/bin/open5gs-sgwud &
./install/bin/open5gs-upfd &
- Open5GS EPC U-Plane2
./install/bin/open5gs-sgwud &
./install/bin/open5gs-upfd &
Run OAI eNB and connect to Open5GS EPC.
# cd ~/enb_folder/cmake_targets
# ./lte_build_oai/build/lte-softmodem -O ../ci-scripts/conf_files/rcc.band7.tm1.nfapi.conf 2>&1 | tee enb.log
The Open5GS C-Plane log when executed is as follows.
01/13 23:10:08.071: [mme] INFO: eNB-S1 accepted[192.168.0.120]:36412 in s1_path module (../src/mme/s1ap-sctp.c:114)
01/13 23:10:08.071: [mme] INFO: eNB-S1 accepted[192.168.0.120] in master_sm module (../src/mme/mme-sm.c:106)
01/13 23:10:08.071: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of eNBs is now 1 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:1925)
01/13 23:10:08.071: [mme] INFO: eNB-S1[192.168.0.120] max_num_of_ostreams : 2 (../src/mme/mme-sm.c:148)
Run OAI 5 UEs and connect to Open5GS EPC.
Add --num-ues 5 to the parameter to use 5 UEs.
# cd ~/ue_folder/cmake_targets/tools
# source init_nas_s1 UE
# cd ..
# ./lte_build_oai/build/lte-uesoftmodem -O ../ci-scripts/conf_files/ue.nfapi.conf --L2-emul 3 --num-ues 5 2>&1 | tee ue.log
The Open5GS C-Plane log when executed is as follows. 5 UEs connected to the EPC and each PDU session was established.
01/13 23:10:32.395: [mme] INFO: InitialUEMessage (../src/mme/s1ap-handler.c:223)
01/13 23:10:32.395: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of eNB-UEs is now 1 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:3629)
01/13 23:10:32.395: [mme] INFO: ENB_UE_S1AP_ID[420141] MME_UE_S1AP_ID[1] TAC[1] CellID[0xe0000] (../src/mme/s1ap-handler.c:369)
01/13 23:10:32.395: [mme] INFO: [001010000000100] Unknown UE by IMSI (../src/mme/mme-context.c:2614)
01/13 23:10:32.395: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of MME-UEs is now 1 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:2441)
01/13 23:10:32.395: [emm] INFO: [] Attach request (../src/mme/emm-sm.c:306)
01/13 23:10:32.395: [emm] INFO: IMSI[001010000000100] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:193)
01/13 23:10:32.455: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of MME-Sessions is now 1 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:3643)
01/13 23:10:32.456: [sgwc] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWC-UEs is now 1 (../src/sgwc/context.c:210)
01/13 23:10:32.456: [sgwc] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWC-Sessions is now 1 (../src/sgwc/context.c:891)
01/13 23:10:32.457: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [127.0.0.4]:2123 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:32.457: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-UEs is now 1 (../src/smf/context.c:1009)
01/13 23:10:32.457: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/smf/context.c:3088)
01/13 23:10:32.457: [smf] INFO: UE IMSI[001010000000100] APN[internet] IPv4[10.45.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/smf/s5c-handler.c:255)
01/13 23:10:32.463: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.114]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:32.463: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [127.0.0.4]:2123 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:32.714: [emm] INFO: [001010000000100] Attach complete (../src/mme/emm-sm.c:1082)
01/13 23:10:32.715: [emm] INFO: IMSI[001010000000100] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:242)
01/13 23:10:32.715: [emm] INFO: UTC [2023-01-13T14:10:32] Timezone[0]/DST[0] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:248)
01/13 23:10:32.715: [emm] INFO: LOCAL [2023-01-13T23:10:32] Timezone[32400]/DST[0] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:252)
01/13 23:10:32.717: [mme] INFO: InitialUEMessage (../src/mme/s1ap-handler.c:223)
01/13 23:10:32.717: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of eNB-UEs is now 2 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:3629)
01/13 23:10:32.717: [mme] INFO: ENB_UE_S1AP_ID[16398672] MME_UE_S1AP_ID[2] TAC[1] CellID[0xe0000] (../src/mme/s1ap-handler.c:369)
01/13 23:10:32.718: [mme] INFO: [001010000000101] Unknown UE by IMSI (../src/mme/mme-context.c:2614)
01/13 23:10:32.718: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of MME-UEs is now 2 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:2441)
01/13 23:10:32.718: [emm] INFO: [] Attach request (../src/mme/emm-sm.c:306)
01/13 23:10:32.718: [emm] INFO: IMSI[001010000000101] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:193)
01/13 23:10:32.767: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of MME-Sessions is now 2 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:3643)
01/13 23:10:32.767: [sgwc] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWC-UEs is now 2 (../src/sgwc/context.c:210)
01/13 23:10:32.768: [sgwc] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWC-Sessions is now 2 (../src/sgwc/context.c:891)
01/13 23:10:32.769: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-UEs is now 2 (../src/smf/context.c:1009)
01/13 23:10:32.770: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-Sessions is now 2 (../src/smf/context.c:3088)
01/13 23:10:32.770: [smf] INFO: UE IMSI[001010000000101] APN[internet2] IPv4[10.46.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/smf/s5c-handler.c:255)
01/13 23:10:32.795: [mme] INFO: InitialUEMessage (../src/mme/s1ap-handler.c:223)
01/13 23:10:32.795: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of eNB-UEs is now 3 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:3629)
01/13 23:10:32.795: [mme] INFO: ENB_UE_S1AP_ID[7773174] MME_UE_S1AP_ID[3] TAC[1] CellID[0xe0000] (../src/mme/s1ap-handler.c:369)
01/13 23:10:32.796: [mme] INFO: [001010000000102] Unknown UE by IMSI (../src/mme/mme-context.c:2614)
01/13 23:10:32.796: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of MME-UEs is now 3 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:2441)
01/13 23:10:32.796: [emm] INFO: [] Attach request (../src/mme/emm-sm.c:306)
01/13 23:10:32.797: [emm] INFO: IMSI[001010000000102] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:193)
01/13 23:10:33.027: [emm] INFO: [001010000000101] Attach complete (../src/mme/emm-sm.c:1082)
01/13 23:10:33.029: [emm] INFO: IMSI[001010000000101] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:242)
01/13 23:10:33.029: [emm] INFO: UTC [2023-01-13T14:10:33] Timezone[0]/DST[0] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:248)
01/13 23:10:33.030: [emm] INFO: LOCAL [2023-01-13T23:10:33] Timezone[32400]/DST[0] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:252)
01/13 23:10:33.033: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of MME-Sessions is now 3 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:3643)
01/13 23:10:33.034: [sgwc] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWC-UEs is now 3 (../src/sgwc/context.c:210)
01/13 23:10:33.034: [sgwc] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWC-Sessions is now 3 (../src/sgwc/context.c:891)
01/13 23:10:33.035: [mme] INFO: InitialUEMessage (../src/mme/s1ap-handler.c:223)
01/13 23:10:33.035: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of eNB-UEs is now 4 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:3629)
01/13 23:10:33.036: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-UEs is now 3 (../src/smf/context.c:1009)
01/13 23:10:33.036: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-Sessions is now 3 (../src/smf/context.c:3088)
01/13 23:10:33.037: [smf] INFO: UE IMSI[001010000000102] APN[internet2] IPv4[10.46.0.3] IPv6[] (../src/smf/s5c-handler.c:255)
01/13 23:10:33.040: [mme] INFO: ENB_UE_S1AP_ID[10104933] MME_UE_S1AP_ID[4] TAC[1] CellID[0xe0000] (../src/mme/s1ap-handler.c:369)
01/13 23:10:33.040: [mme] INFO: [001010000000103] Unknown UE by IMSI (../src/mme/mme-context.c:2614)
01/13 23:10:33.041: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of MME-UEs is now 4 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:2441)
01/13 23:10:33.041: [emm] INFO: [] Attach request (../src/mme/emm-sm.c:306)
01/13 23:10:33.041: [emm] INFO: IMSI[001010000000103] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:193)
01/13 23:10:33.059: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of MME-Sessions is now 4 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:3643)
01/13 23:10:33.059: [sgwc] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWC-UEs is now 4 (../src/sgwc/context.c:210)
01/13 23:10:33.060: [sgwc] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWC-Sessions is now 4 (../src/sgwc/context.c:891)
01/13 23:10:33.061: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-UEs is now 4 (../src/smf/context.c:1009)
01/13 23:10:33.061: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-Sessions is now 4 (../src/smf/context.c:3088)
01/13 23:10:33.061: [smf] INFO: UE IMSI[001010000000103] APN[ims] IPv4[10.47.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/smf/s5c-handler.c:255)
01/13 23:10:33.064: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.116]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:33.275: [emm] INFO: [001010000000102] Attach complete (../src/mme/emm-sm.c:1082)
01/13 23:10:33.275: [emm] INFO: IMSI[001010000000102] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:242)
01/13 23:10:33.276: [emm] INFO: UTC [2023-01-13T14:10:33] Timezone[0]/DST[0] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:248)
01/13 23:10:33.276: [emm] INFO: LOCAL [2023-01-13T23:10:33] Timezone[32400]/DST[0] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:252)
01/13 23:10:33.277: [emm] INFO: [001010000000103] Attach complete (../src/mme/emm-sm.c:1082)
01/13 23:10:33.278: [emm] INFO: IMSI[001010000000103] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:242)
01/13 23:10:33.278: [emm] INFO: UTC [2023-01-13T14:10:33] Timezone[0]/DST[0] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:248)
01/13 23:10:33.278: [emm] INFO: LOCAL [2023-01-13T23:10:33] Timezone[32400]/DST[0] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:252)
01/13 23:10:33.279: [mme] INFO: InitialUEMessage (../src/mme/s1ap-handler.c:223)
01/13 23:10:33.279: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of eNB-UEs is now 5 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:3629)
01/13 23:10:33.280: [mme] INFO: ENB_UE_S1AP_ID[3105598] MME_UE_S1AP_ID[5] TAC[1] CellID[0xe0000] (../src/mme/s1ap-handler.c:369)
01/13 23:10:33.280: [mme] INFO: [001010000000104] Unknown UE by IMSI (../src/mme/mme-context.c:2614)
01/13 23:10:33.281: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of MME-UEs is now 5 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:2441)
01/13 23:10:33.281: [emm] INFO: [] Attach request (../src/mme/emm-sm.c:306)
01/13 23:10:33.281: [emm] INFO: IMSI[001010000000104] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:193)
01/13 23:10:33.339: [mme] INFO: [Added] Number of MME-Sessions is now 5 (../src/mme/mme-context.c:3643)
01/13 23:10:33.340: [sgwc] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWC-UEs is now 5 (../src/sgwc/context.c:210)
01/13 23:10:33.340: [sgwc] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWC-Sessions is now 5 (../src/sgwc/context.c:891)
01/13 23:10:33.342: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-UEs is now 5 (../src/smf/context.c:1009)
01/13 23:10:33.342: [smf] INFO: [Added] Number of SMF-Sessions is now 5 (../src/smf/context.c:3088)
01/13 23:10:33.342: [smf] INFO: UE IMSI[001010000000104] APN[ims] IPv4[10.47.0.3] IPv6[] (../src/smf/s5c-handler.c:255)
01/13 23:10:33.594: [emm] INFO: [001010000000104] Attach complete (../src/mme/emm-sm.c:1082)
01/13 23:10:33.595: [emm] INFO: IMSI[001010000000104] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:242)
01/13 23:10:33.595: [emm] INFO: UTC [2023-01-13T14:10:33] Timezone[0]/DST[0] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:248)
01/13 23:10:33.595: [emm] INFO: LOCAL [2023-01-13T23:10:33] Timezone[32400]/DST[0] (../src/mme/emm-handler.c:252)
The Open5GS U-Plane1 log when executed is as follows. 3 GTP-U sessions have been created.
01/13 23:10:32.462: [sgwu] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x1 CP:0x1] (../src/sgwu/context.c:157)
01/13 23:10:32.462: [sgwu] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWU-Sessions is now 1 (../src/sgwu/context.c:162)
01/13 23:10:32.467: [upf] INFO: [Added] Number of UPF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/upf/context.c:181)
01/13 23:10:32.467: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.113]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:32.467: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.112]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:32.467: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x1 CP:0x1] APN[internet] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.45.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
01/13 23:10:32.468: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x1 CP:0x1] APN[internet] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.45.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
01/13 23:10:32.469: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.114]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:32.722: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.120]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:32.774: [sgwu] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x2 CP:0x2] (../src/sgwu/context.c:157)
01/13 23:10:32.774: [sgwu] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWU-Sessions is now 2 (../src/sgwu/context.c:162)
01/13 23:10:32.778: [upf] INFO: [Added] Number of UPF-Sessions is now 2 (../src/upf/context.c:181)
01/13 23:10:32.779: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x2 CP:0x2] APN[internet2] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.46.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
01/13 23:10:32.779: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x2 CP:0x2] APN[internet2] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.46.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
01/13 23:10:33.041: [sgwu] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x3 CP:0x3] (../src/sgwu/context.c:157)
01/13 23:10:33.041: [sgwu] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWU-Sessions is now 3 (../src/sgwu/context.c:162)
01/13 23:10:33.045: [upf] INFO: [Added] Number of UPF-Sessions is now 3 (../src/upf/context.c:181)
01/13 23:10:33.046: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x3 CP:0x3] APN[internet2] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.46.0.3] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
01/13 23:10:33.046: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x3 CP:0x3] APN[internet2] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.46.0.3] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
The Open5GS U-Plane2 log when executed is as follows. 2 GTP-U sessions have been created.
01/13 23:10:33.056: [sgwu] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x1 CP:0x4] (../src/sgwu/context.c:157)
01/13 23:10:33.056: [sgwu] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWU-Sessions is now 1 (../src/sgwu/context.c:162)
01/13 23:10:33.059: [upf] INFO: [Added] Number of UPF-Sessions is now 1 (../src/upf/context.c:181)
01/13 23:10:33.059: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.115]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:33.059: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.112]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:33.059: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x1 CP:0x4] APN[ims] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.47.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
01/13 23:10:33.059: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x1 CP:0x4] APN[ims] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.47.0.2] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
01/13 23:10:33.060: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.116]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:33.275: [gtp] INFO: gtp_connect() [192.168.0.120]:2152 (../lib/gtp/path.c:60)
01/13 23:10:33.336: [sgwu] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x2 CP:0x5] (../src/sgwu/context.c:157)
01/13 23:10:33.336: [sgwu] INFO: [Added] Number of SGWU-Sessions is now 2 (../src/sgwu/context.c:162)
01/13 23:10:33.340: [upf] INFO: [Added] Number of UPF-Sessions is now 2 (../src/upf/context.c:181)
01/13 23:10:33.340: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x2 CP:0x5] APN[ims] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.47.0.3] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
01/13 23:10:33.340: [upf] INFO: UE F-SEID[UP:0x2 CP:0x5] APN[ims] PDN-Type[1] IPv4[10.47.0.3] IPv6[] (../src/upf/context.c:401)
The result of ip addr show on VM4 (OAI UE) is as follows.
# ip addr show
...
52: oip1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 100
link/generic 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 10.45.0.2/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global oip1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
53: oip2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 100
link/generic 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 10.46.0.2/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global oip2
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
54: oip3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 100
link/generic 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 10.46.0.3/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global oip3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
55: oip4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 100
link/generic 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 10.47.0.2/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global oip4
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
56: oip5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UNKNOWN group default qlen 100
link/generic 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 10.47.0.3/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global oip5
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
...
Specify the TUN interface on VM4 (UE0) and try ping.
Execute tcpdump on VM2 (U-Plane1) and check that the packet goes through if=ogstun.
ping google.comon VM4 (UE0)
# ping google.com -I oip1 -n
PING google.com (172.217.174.110) from 10.45.0.2 oip1: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.217.174.110: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=45.7 ms
64 bytes from 172.217.174.110: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=43.0 ms
64 bytes from 172.217.174.110: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=33.1 ms
- Run
tcpdumpon VM2 (U-Plane1)
# tcpdump -i ogstun -n
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on ogstun, link-type RAW (Raw IP), capture size 262144 bytes
23:11:19.027312 IP 10.45.0.2 > 172.217.174.110: ICMP echo request, id 3381, seq 1, length 64
23:11:19.047172 IP 172.217.174.110 > 10.45.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 3381, seq 1, length 64
23:11:20.026815 IP 10.45.0.2 > 172.217.174.110: ICMP echo request, id 3381, seq 2, length 64
23:11:20.044912 IP 172.217.174.110 > 10.45.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 3381, seq 2, length 64
23:11:21.019346 IP 10.45.0.2 > 172.217.174.110: ICMP echo request, id 3381, seq 3, length 64
23:11:21.036928 IP 172.217.174.110 > 10.45.0.2: ICMP echo reply, id 3381, seq 3, length 64
For oip2-oip5 as well, execute tcpdump on each U-Plane and check the packets flowing through ogstunX.
You could now create the end-to-end TUN interfaces on the PDN and send any packets on the network.
In investigating private LTE, I have built a simulation environment and can now use a very useful system for investigating CUPS-enabled EPC and MEC of LTE mobile network. I would like to thank the excellent developers and all the contributors of Open5GS and OpenAirInterface.
- [2023.01.13] Updated to Open5GS v2.5.6.
- [2022.06.05] Updated to Open5GS v2.4.7 and assigned IP addresses to each of SMF(PGW-C) and UPF(PGW-U).
- [2022.04.05] Updated to Open5GS v2.4.5 and removed the connection setting to NRF in smf.yaml.
- [2021.03.09] Updated to Open5GS v2.2.0.
- [2020.11.24] Initial release.