ruby-qml

ruby-qml is a QML / Qt Quick wrapper for Ruby. It provides bindings between QML and Ruby and enables you to use Qt Quick-based GUI from Ruby.

• Documentation
• Examples
• Changelog

What you can do with ruby-qml

• Develop desktop GUI applications only with Ruby and QML / JavaScript
• Easily combine codes written in C++ and Qt with your Ruby code

Gallery

Installation

Requirements

• Ruby 2.1 or later
• OS X or Linux
• Qt 5.4 or later

OS X with Homebrew

To install ruby-qml on OS X with Homebrew, run the following commands:

$ brew install qt5
$ gem install qml -- --with-qmake=$(brew --prefix qt5)/bin/qmake

Both libffi and Qt5 are keg-only in Homebrew, so you must specify their paths explicitly (or force linking).

If you use official Qt installation, for example:

$ gem install qml -- --with-qmake=$HOME/Qt/5.4/clang_64/bin/qmake

The Qt installation path ($HOME/Qt/5.4/clang_64 in this example) depends on your Qt installation configuration and Qt version.

General (OSX and Linux)

$ gem install qml

Ubuntu

$ sudo apt install ruby ruby-dev build-essentials qt5-default qtdeclarative5-dev qtbase5-private-dev qml-module-qtquick2 qml-module-qtquick-controls
$ sudo gem install qml

WSL

Using Ubuntu as the linux distro, proceed as above and use either WSL2 or an XServer (e.g. vcxsrv) to show the UI on Windows.

Options

• --with-qmake=[dir]
  • Qt qmake executable path (optional).

Use Gemfile

Add this line to your Gemfile:

gem 'qml'

And then execute:

$ bundle install

To pass build options, use bundle config. For example:

$ bundle config build.qml --with-qmake=$(brew --prefix qt5)/bin/qmake

The configuration will be saved in ~/.bundle/config.

Usage

Load QML file

The following code loads a QML file and shows an application window titled "Hello, world!".

require 'qml'

QML.run do |app|
  app.load_path Pathname(__FILE__) + '../main.qml'
end

// main.qml
import QtQuick 2.2
import QtQuick.Controls 1.1

ApplicationWindow {
    visible: true
    width: 200
    height: 100
    title: "Hello, world!"
}

Use Ruby class in QML

To make your class available to QML, include QML::Access and call register_to_qml.

By including QML::Access, you can also define properties and signals in Ruby classes like in QML.

Properties are used to bind data between QML and Ruby. Signals are used to provide the observer pattern-like notification from Ruby to QML.

# Ruby
class FizzBuzz
  include QML::Access
  register_to_qml under: "Example", version: "1.0"

  property(:input) { '0' }
  property(:result) { '' }
  signal :inputWasFizzBuzz, []

  on_changed :input do
    i = input.to_i
    self.result = case
    when i % 15 == 0
      inputWasFizzBuzz.emit
      "FizzBuzz"
    when i % 3 == 0
      "Fizz"
    when i % 5 == 0
      "Buzz"
    else
      i.to_s
    end
  end

  def quit
    puts "quitting..."
    QML.application.quit
  end
end

// QML - main.qml
import QtQuick 2.2
import QtQuick.Controls 1.1
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.1
import Example 1.0

ApplicationWindow {
    visible: true
    width: 200
    height: 200
    title: "FizzBuzz"

    ColumnLayout {
        anchors.fill: parent
        anchors.margins: 10
        TextField {
            placeholderText: "Input"
            text: "0"
            id: textField
        }
        Text {
            id: text
            text: fizzBuzz.result
        }
        Button {
            text: 'Quit'
            onClicked: fizzBuzz.quit()
        }
        Text {
            id: lastFizzBuzz
        }
    }
    FizzBuzz {
        id: fizzBuzz
        input: textField.text
        onInputWasFizzBuzz: lastFizzBuzz.text = "Last FizzBuzz: " + textField.text
    }
}

You can omit arguments of register_to_qml if they are obvious:

module Example
  VERSION = '1.0.0'

  class FizzBuzz
    include QML::Access
    register_to_qml

    ...
  end
end

Pass data to QML ListModels

To bind list data between QML ListView and Ruby, you can use ListModels.

• QML::ListModel - the base class for ruby-qml list models.

• QML::ArrayModel - provides a simple list model implementation using Array.

• QML::QueryModel - for databases (like ActiveRecord, Sequel or something)

This example uses ArrayModel to provide list data for a QML ListView. When the content of the ArrayModel is changed, the list view is also automatically updated.

Examples

• Todo example

# Ruby
class TodoController
  include QML::Access
  register_to_qml under: "Example", version: "1.0"

  property(:model) { QML::ArrayModel.new(:title, :description, :due_date) }

  def add(title, description, due_date)
    # Items of list models must be "Hash-like" (have #[] method to get columns)
    item = {
      title: title,
      description: description,
      due_date: due_date
    }
    model << item
  end
end

// QML
ListView {
    model: todo.model
    delegate: Text {
        text: "Title: " + title + ",  Description: " + description + ", Due date: " + due_date
    }
}
TodoController {
  id: todo
}

Combile asynchronous operations

In QML, all UI-related operations are done synchronously in the event loop. To set result of asynchronous operations to the UI, use QML.next_tick.

Examples

• Twitter Example

# Ruby
class HeavyTaskController
  include QML::Access
  register_to_qml under: "Example", version: "1.0"

  property(:result) { '' }

  def set_result(result)
    self.result = result
  end

  def start_heavy_task
    Thread.new do
      QML.next_tick do
        set_result do_heavy_task()
      end
    end
  end
end

// QML
Text {
  text: controller.result
}
Button {
  text: "Start!!"
  onClicked: controller.start_heavy_task()
}
HeavyTaskController {
  id: controller
}

Value conversions between Ruby and QML JavaScript

Ruby to QML

Ruby	QML/JavaScript
nil	null
true/false	boolean
Numeric	number
String/Symbol	string
Array	Array
Hash	plain Object
Proc	Function
Time	Date
QML::Access	Object(QObject derived)
QML::ListModel	Object(QAbstractListModel)

You can customize this by implementing #to_qml method.

QML to Ruby

QML/JavaScript	Ruby
null/undefined	nil
boolean	true/false
number	Float
string	String
Array	QML::JSArray
Function	QML::JSFunction
Object	QML::JSObject
Object wrapping QML::Access	QML::JSWrapper

You can convert Objects further through QML::JSObject methods.

QML::JSObject usage

QML::JSObject is the wrapper class for JavaScript objects.

obj = QML.engine.evaluate <<-JS
  ({
    value: 1,
    add: function(d) {
      this.value += d;
    }
  })
JS

# Getter
obj.value #=> 1

# Setter
obj.value = 2
obj.vaue #=> 2

# Call method if the property is a function
obj.add(10)
obj.value #=> 11

# Subscription
obj[:value] #=> 11
obj[:add] #=> #<QML::JSFunction:...>

Load and use Qt C++ plugins

PluginLoader loads Qt C++ plugins. It enables you to use your Qt C++ codes from Ruby easily.

// C++ - plugin example
class MyPlugin : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
    Q_PLUGIN_METADATA(IID "org.myplugin.MyPlugin")
signals:
    void added(int value);

public slots:
    int add(int x, int y) {
        int result = x + y;
        emit added(result);
        return result;
    }
};

# Ruby

# The instance will be a `QML::JSObject` which represents the plugin Qt object
plugin = QML::PluginLoader.new(directory, "myplugin").instance

# Connect to signal (see http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtqml-syntax-signals.html#connecting-signals-to-methods-and-signals)
plugin[:added].connect do |value|
  puts "added value: #{value}"
end

plugin.add(1, 2) #=> 3

Use with EventMachine

You can use EventMachine with ruby-qml. It is more powerful than the default ruby-qml event loop.

Instead of using QML.run, start an EventMachine event loop by EM.run and process QML events periodically by QML::Application#process_events.

require 'qml'
require 'eventmachine'

EM.run do
  QML.init
  EM.add_periodic_timer(0.01) { QML.application.process_events }
  QML.application.load_path(Pathname.pwd + 'main.qml')
end

You can also use em-synchrony to write callback-free asynchronous operation for ruby-qml.

require 'qml'
require 'eventmachine'
require 'em-synchrony'
require 'em-http-request'

class Controller
  include QML::Access
  property(:result) { '' }

  def get
    EM.synchrony do
      content = EM::Synchrony.sync EM::HttpRequest.new('http://www.example.com/').get
      self.result = content.response
    end
  end

  def quit
    EM.stop
  end

  register_to_qml under: 'Example', version: '0.1'
end

EM.run do
  QML.init
  EM.add_periodic_timer(0.01) { QML.application.process_events }
  QML.application.load_path(Pathname.pwd + 'main.qml')
end

Contributing

Init submodules

$ git submodule init
$ git submodule update

Install dependencies

$ bundle install

Build native extension

Before running ruby-qml in development, the native extension of ruby-qml needs to have been built. To build it, run the following commands:

$ cd ext/qml
$ bundle exec ruby extconf.rb --with-qmake=/path/to/qmake
$ make -j4

Run tests

Tests for ruby-qml is written in RSpec. To run tests, do:

$ bundle exec rspec

Run examples

$ bundle exec ruby examples/fizzbuzz/fizzbuzz.rb

Send pull requests

1. Fork it ( http://github.com/seanchas116/ruby-qml/fork )
2. Create your feature branch (git checkout -b my-new-feature)
3. Commit your changes (git commit -am 'Add some feature')
4. Write some tests
5. Push to the branch (git push origin my-new-feature)
6. Create new Pull Request