Introduction

netsight.windowsauthplugin is a Plone authentication plugin to do Single Sign On (SSO) in a Microsoft Windows Active Directory environment or other environment that used Kerberos (e.g. Apple MacOS, or Linux).

It uses the same underlying authentication mechanisms as Windows uses internally, known as Integrated Windows Authentication. This uses Kerberos underneath to do the actual authentication.

Current web browsers able to use this plugin to do SSO are Microsoft Internet Explorer 6+, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, and Google Chrome.

netsight.windowsauthplugin is pure python and can run on Plone on either a Unix or Windows server. It relies on the MIT Kerberos libraries (on Unix, Linux, OSX) or the native Windows SSPI libraries in Windows to so the Kerberos authentication.

Infrastructure Setup

In order for netsight.windowsauthplugin to work you need to have an Active Directory server (or Kerberos KDC) setup. For this documentation we will assume:

• You already have a working AD setup and user accounts.
• You currently log into a Windows desktop with an AD username/password.
• You have an admin account or access to a user with an admin account on AD and able to create accounts
• You are using Microsoft Internet Explorer
• You are running the Plone server on Unix/Linux/OSX

DNS & Time

Kerberos is very particular about DNS and time. Ensure that your servers and clients are all synced with a network time source. The way Internet Explorer constructs Kerberos SPNs depends on the host having a DNS A record. When you try to access a site with IE and are using Integrated Windows Authentication, IE will attempt to construct a SPN based upon resolving the hostname to an A record. Hence to avoid problems, do not use CNAMEs for your DNS records.

Service Principal Names (SPNs) and Keytabs

You will need to create a user to associate the SPN with. This can be a standard user account set to never expire. Ensure that 'Use DES' is unselected in the properties for the user.

Create the SPNs using the ktpass tool as shown below depending on the version of Windows Server you are using for your Domain Controller.

The ktpass command below does two things:

1. Creates the SPN for the service
2. Exports the keytab to the specified file

In the example below:

• intranet.example.com is the hostname used in the URL to your site
• EXAMPLE.COM is your active directory domain
• plonesvc is the user account created to associate this SPN with
• c:\temp\intranet.keytab is the location of the exported keytab

	Windows 2008 SP2 DC		Windows 2003 SP3 DC
Crypto type	RC4	AES256 (not supported by WinXP)	RC4
ktpass command	C:\>ktpass -princ HTTP/intranet.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM -mapuser plonesvc@EXAMPLE.COM -crypto RC4-HMAC-NT -ptype KRB5_NT_PRINCIPAL -pass long!$longp2ass3word -out c:\temp\intranet.keytab	C:\>ktpass -princ HTTP/intranet.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM -mapuser plonesvc@EXAMPLE.COM -crypto AES256-SHA1 -ptype KRB5_NT_PRINCIPAL -pass long!$longp2ass3word -out c:\temp\intranet.keytab	C:\>ktpass -princ HTTP/intranet.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM -mapuser plonesvc@EXAMPLE.COM -crypto rc4-hmac-nt -ptype KRB5_NT_SRV_HST -pass longlongpassword -out c:\temp\intranet.keytab

The keytab exported to c:\temp\intranet.keytab needs to be copied securely to the server running Plone.

The default path for the keytab file in unix environments is /etc/krb5.keytab, but it can be customized by defining KRB5_KTNAME environment variable. The keytab must be readable by the user running the Plone process.

Troubleshooting

• ERROR SPNEGO plugin 127.0.0.1: GSSError (('Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information', 851968), ('', 100005))

  Solution: This was seen with crypto type AES256 on RHEL6 server. This was solved by changing crypto type to RC4.

Glossary

Integrated Windows Authentication (IWA)

This is Microsoft's is a term associated with Microsoft products that refers to the SPNEGO, Kerberos, and NTLMSSP authentication protocols with respect to SSPI functionality introduced with Microsoft Windows 2000 and included with later Windows NT-based operating systems. The term is used more commonly for the automatically authenticated connections between Microsoft Internet Information Services, Internet Explorer, and other Active Directory aware applications.

Kerberos

Kerberos is a network authentication protocol. It is designed to provide strong authentication for client/server applications by using secret-key cryptography. It is a standardised protocol and used by Unix, Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OSX for authentication services.

Service Principal Name (SPN)

A service principal name (SPN) is the name by which a client uniquely identifies an instance of a service. When a client wants to connect to a service, it locates an instance of the service, composes an SPN for that instance, connects to the service, and presents the SPN for the service to authenticate. These often start with the service/protocol being used and are then followed by the hostname e.g. HTTP/intranet.example.com

SPNEGO

SPNEGO (Simple and Protected GSSAPI Negotiation Mechanism) is a GSSAPI "pseudo mechanism" that is used by Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.01 and above to negotiate an authentication mechanism. The negotiable sub-mechanisms included NTLM and Kerberos, both used in Active Directory

GSSAPI

GSSAPI (Generic Security Services Application Program Interface) is an IETF standard API for accessing a number of authenticatation mechanisms. The GSSAPI, by itself, does not provide any security. Instead, security service vendors provide GSSAPI implementations usually in the form of libraries installed with their security software.

SSPI

SSPI (Security Support Provider Interface) is an API used by Microsoft Windows systems to perform a variety of security-related operations such as authentication. SSPI is a proprietary variant of GSSAPI with extensions and very Windows-specific data types. For Windows 2000, an implementation of Kerberos 5 was added, using token formats conforming to the official protocol standard RFC 1964 (The Kerberos 5 GSSAPI mechanism) and providing wire-level interoperability with Kerberos 5 implementations from other vendors.

PAS

PAS (Pluggable Authentication Service) is a modular suthantication system used by Zope and Plone for the management of users. PAS is built around the concepts of interfaces and plugins: all possible tasks related to user and group management and authentication are described in separate interfaces. These interfaces are implemented by plugins, which can be selectively enabled per interface.

Active Directory

Active Directory (AD) is a directory service created by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. It is included in most Windows Server operating systems.

Active Directory provides a central location for network administration and security. Server computers that run Active Directory are called domain controllers. An AD domain controller authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a Windows domain type network—assigning and enforcing security policies for all computers and installing or updating software. For example, when a user logs into a computer that is part of a Windows domain, Active Directory checks the submitted password and determines whether the user is a system administrator or normal user.

Active Directory makes use of Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) versions 2 and 3, Kerberos and DNS.